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"Inflamasi adalah respon dari sistem imun tubuh terhadap hal yang dapat membahayakan tubuh, seperti patogen, sel yang rusak, zat beracun, atau radiasi. Proses inflamasi yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan beberapa penyakit kronis, seperti inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes melitus tipe I, artritis, dan kanker. Beberapa terapi inflamasi menargetkan untuk menghambat metabolisme asam arakidonat jalur siklooksigenase (COX-1 dan COX-2) dan 5-lipoksigenase (5-LOX). Kurkumin merupakan senyawa alami yang memiliki beberapa aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antiproliferasi. Namun, kurkumin memiliki kestabilan dan kelarutan yang buruk. Untuk memperbaiki kekurangan tersebut beberapa modifikasi struktur telah dilakukan, antara lain siklisasi gugus 1,3-dikarbonil membentuk cincin pirazol dan substitusi gugus basa Mannich. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian in silico dengan penambatan molekuler senyawa turunan kurkumin pirazol Mannich terhadap COX-1, COX-2, dan 5-LOX untuk memprediksi potensi aktivitas antiinflamasi senyawa tersebut. Proses validasi dilakukan dengan program AutoDock dan AutoDock Vina. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa program AutoDock mempunyai nilai Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan AutoDock Vina. Hasil penambatan molekuler menunjukan bahwa seluruh senyawa turunan kurkumin pirazol Mannich memiliki selektivitas terhadap COX-2 dibandingkan terhadap COX-1. Senyawa yang memiliki energi bebas ikatan terendah berturut-turut pada COX-1, COX-2, dan 5-LOX adalah kurkumin pirazol tersubstitusi basa Mannich metilpiperazin  (-7,47 kkal/mol), dimetilmorfolin (-11,01 kkal/mol), dan morfolin (-6,55 kkal/mol). Senyawa yang memiliki nilai selektivitas tertinggi adalah kurkumin pirazol tersubstitusi basa Mannich dibutilamin dan morfolin dengan nilai S 0,0001. Maka dari itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa kurkumin pirazol Mannich diprediksi memiliki potensi anti-inflamasi melalui penghambatan COX-2 selektif.

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Inflammation is the response of the body's immune system to things that can harm the body, such as pathogens, damaged cells, toxic substances, or radiation. Excessive inflammatory processes can cause several chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, type I diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and cancer. Some inflammatory therapies target to inhibit the arachidonic acid metabolism of the cyclooxygenase pathway (COX-1 and COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Curcumin is a natural compound having several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antiproliferation. However, curcumin has poor stability and solubility. To improve these deficiencies several structural modifications have been done, such as cyclization of the 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety to form pyrazole ring and the substitution of Mannich base group. In this study, an in silico test was carried out by molecular docking of curcumin pyrazole Mannich derivatives against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX to predict the anti-inflammatory activity potential of the compounds. The validation process was performed using the AutoDock and AutoDock Vina programs. The validation results indicated that the AutoDock program showed a better value of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) compared to AutoDock Vina. The results of the molecular docking study showed that all pyrazole curcumin Mannich derivatives have selectivity to COX-2 compared to COX-1. Compounds having the lowest free binding energy against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX respectively were curcumin pyrazole substituted Mannich base of methylpiperazine (-7.47 kcal/mol), dimethylmorpholine (-11.01 kcal/mol), and morpholine (-6.55 kcal/mol). The compounds having the highest selectivity value are curcumin pyrazole substituted Mannich base of dibutylamine and morpholine with a value of S 0.0001. Therefore, it can be concluded that curcumin pyrazole Mannich derivatives were predicted to have anti-inflammatory potential by selective inhibitory to COX-2.

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"ABSTRAKKurkumin merupakan konstituen utama dari tanaman kunyit (Curcuma longa) yang dikenal memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi yang poten. Kurkumin juga dikenal karena profil keamanannya yang baik. Namun, potensi kurkumin sebagai agen terapeutik terbatas karena stabilitas, kelarutan, dan bioavailabilitasnya yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh senyawa baru turunan kurkumin yang diharapkan mempunyai stabilitas dan kelarutan lebih baik. Sintesis turunan kurkumin baru dilakukan melalui siklisasi gugus β diketon pada kurkumin menjadi cincin pirazol dan penambahan dipirolidinometil pada senyawa tersebut melalui reaksi Mannich. Sintesis turunan kurkumin ini dilakukan melalui 2 tahap pereaksian. Tahap pertama adalah sintesis kurkumin pirazol (KP). KP diperoleh dengan mereaksikan kurkumin dengan hidrazin hidrat dalam asam asetat glasial. Pada tahap ini, diperoleh nilai rendemen sebesar 85,56%. Tahap kedua dilakukan dengan mereaksikan hasil sintesis kurkumin pirazol dengan formaldehid dan basa pirolidin dalam etanol. Hasil akhir sintesis dimurnikan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) preparatif menggunakan fase gerak kloroform,etanol,ammonia (11:0,5:0,5). Nilai rendemen senyawa murni diperoleh sebesar 15,66%. Elusidasi struktur senyawa menggunakan Spektrofotometer FT IR menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 3,(dipirolidinometil) kurkumin pirazol telah berhasil disintesis.

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ABSTRACT

Curcumin is the main constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa) which is known to have potent anti inflammatory activity. Curcumin is also known for its safety profile. However, the potential of curcumin as a therapeutic agent is limited due to its poor stability, solubility, and bioavailability. This research aims to obtain new compound derived from curcumin which is expected to have better stability and solubility. The synthesis of new curcumin derivative was carried out through cyclization of β-diketone groups in curcumin into a pyrazole ring and the addition of dipyrrolidinylmethyl to the compound through Mannich reaction. The synthesis was carried out through two stages of reaction. The first step was the synthesis of curcumin pyrazole. This was obtained by reacting curcumin with hydrazine hydrate in glacial acetic acid. At this stage, yield value of 85.56% was obtained. The second step was carried out by reacting the results of the synthesis of curcumin pyrazole with formaldehyde and pyrolidine base in ethanol. The final synthesis result then purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) using the mobile phase of chloroform,ethanol,ammonia (11: 0.5: 0.5). The yield value of pure compound was 15.66%. Structure elucidation of the compound using FT IR spectrophotometer showed that the compound of 3,3(dipyrrolidinylmethyl) curcumin pyrazole was successfully synthesized."