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"The concepts and values that underpin traditional constitutionalism are increasingly being challenged by political realities that place substantial power beyond the state. Among the few certainties of a global economy is the growing incongruity between the political (the world of things that need to be ordered collectively in order to sustain society) and the state (the major institution of authoritative political decision-making during modern times). The consequences, and possible remedies, of this double disjunction of politics and state and of state and constitution form the centre of an open debate about 'constitutionalism beyond the state'. The essays gathered in this collection explore the range of issues raised by this debate. The effects of recent changes on two of the main building blocks of constitutionalism - statehood and democracy - are examined in Parts I and II. Since the movement of overcoming statehood has, arguably, been advanced furthest in the European context, the question of the future of constitutionalist ideas in the framework of the EU provides the key theme of Part III. The remaining parts consider possible transformations or substitutes. The engagement of constitutions with international law offers one line of transmutation of constitutionalism (Part IV) and the diffusion of constitutionalism into separate social spheres provides an alternative way of pursuing constitutionalism in a new key (Part VI). Finally, the ability of the theory of global administrative law (examined in Part V) to offer an alternative account of the potential of jurisdictional control of global governing processes is examined. Through these explorations, the book offers cross-disciplinary insights into the impact of recent political and economic changes on modern constitutionalism and an assessment of the prospects for constitutionalism in a transnational environment"

"As far as it develops, democracy has been practiced in many forms of civil states as the only way to reduce many forms of domination. The course of political history, however, shows that democracys is not the ideal form of the states, espicially because it cannot be purified from the phenomena of the demagog...."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai konsep konstitusionalisme deklarasi keadaan darurat sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam ketentuan Pasal 12 UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Secara teori, konsep pemberian kewenangan dalam mendeklarasikan keadaan darurat seharusnya tidak ada pada pemerintah daerah. Hal demikian, dikarenakan bentuk negara Indonesia merupakan negara kesatuan. Namun menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang lain, kewenangan deklarasi keadaan darurat dapat dimiliki oleh pemerintah daerah dalam hal ini Gubernur/Bupati/Walikota yang menyesuaikan dengan skala kedaruratan yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Dalam konteks ini, Gubernur dan Bupati/Walikota adalah kepala pemerintahan daerah yang merupakan bagian dari pemerintahan pusat yang berada di wilayah mereka, sehingga dalam hal ini pemerintah daerah tidak memiliki peran layaknya sebagai kepala negara. Dengan kata lain, semestinya kewenangan untuk mendeklarasikan keadaan darurat seharusnya tetap berada ditangan pemerintah pusat dalam hal ini hanya Presiden yang bertanggung jawab penuh terhadap negara ketika dalam kondisi darurat. Namun, secara praktik pelaksanaan deklarasi keadaan darurat dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dengan menyesuaikan skala kedaruratan yang terjadi di sebagian wilayah negara Indonesia sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam UU 24/2007 Penanggulangan Bencana dan UU 7/2012 Penanganan Konflik Sosial. Sehingga, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan mengenai deklarasi keadaan darurat di Indonesia saat ini belum memiliki kerangka konsep yang konsisten dan baku, seiring berjalannya waktu peraturan terkait deklarasi keadaan darurat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia akan saling tumpang tindih, dan minimnya pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh legislatif, terlebih lagi tidak adanya pengaturan norma khusus mengenai batasan masa berlakunya keadaan darurat dalam konstitusi Indonesia dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan keadaan darurat. Padahal dalam konteks negara-negara lain, masa berlaku keadaan darurat ditegaskan di dalam konstitusinya, hal ini sangat diperlukan guna untuk menegaskan batasan waktu terhadap berlakunya deklarasi keadaan darurat tersebut.

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This thesis discusses the constitutionalism concept of declaring a state of emergency as intended in the provisions of Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In theory, the concept of granting authority to declare a state of emergency should not exist in regional governments. This is because the form of the Indonesian state is a unitary state. However, according to other laws and regulations, the authority to declare an emergency can be owned by the regional government, in this case the Governor/Regent/Mayor, who adjusts it to the scale of the emergency occurring in the region. In this context, the Governor and Regent/Mayor are heads of regional government which are part of the central government in their region, so that in this case the regional government does not have a role like head of state. In other words, the authority to declare a state of emergency should remain in the hands of the central government, in this case only the President has full responsibility for the country when it is in an emergency. However, in practice the implementation of emergency declarations can be carried out by regional governments by adjusting the scale of emergencies occurring in some regions of Indonesia as intended in Law 24/2007 Disaster Management and Law 7/2012 Handling Social Conflict. Thus, the results of the research show that the provisions regarding the declaration of a state of emergency in Indonesia currently do not have a consistent and standard conceptual framework, as time goes by the regulations regarding the declaration of a state of emergency in the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia will overlap with each other, and there will be minimal supervision. carried out by the legislature, moreover there is no specific norm regulation regarding the validity period of the state of emergency in the Indonesian constitution and the laws and regulations relating to the state of emergency. Even though in the context of other countries, the validity period of a state of emergency is confirmed in their constitution, this is very necessary in order to emphasize the time limit for the entry into force of the declaration of a state of emergency."