Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Proses pencapaian tujuan konservasi selalu dibatasi oleh berbagai hal, seperti waktu, dana, SDM, maupun kebijakan. Hal ini terjadi juga pada usaha konservasi tumbuhan secara ex situ. Proses menentukan jenis tumbuhan dan lokasi pengoleksian yang tepat selalu menjadi permasalahan yang dihadapi sebelum kegiatan pengoleksian dilaksanakan. Hal ini karena penentuan keputusan perlu mempertimbangkan berbagai hal seperti status konservasi, ketersediaan dana, ketersediaan informasi, waktu, dan resiko keberhasilan tumbuh. Dalam tulisan ini akan dijelaskan kerangka pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan prioritas spesies tumbuhan yang akan dijadikan koleksi ex situ. Tiga puluh spesies Rhododendron asli Indonesia yang terancam punah digunakan sebagai contoh. Metode yang digunakan adalah skoring terhadap 11 kriteria. Kriteria tersebut mencakup status spesies (meliputi: status konservasi, status keberhasilan introduksi ex situ, representasi kelompok taksa unik); status lokasi (status dalam area Biodiversity Hotspot dan Global 200 ecoregion, serta perlindungan legal habitat); kemudahan propagasi (meliputi: bentuk hidup, ketinggian habitat, dan jarak antara lokasi dan lembaga ex situ); efektivitas (jumlah spesies kongenerik simpatrik yang terancam kepunahan); dan biaya pengoleksian. Interpretasi hasil skoring dilakukan dengan sistem peringkat. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian terhada jenis Rhododendron Indonesia, maka yang menempati peringkat teratas untuk diprioritaskan dikoleksi di Kebun Raya Cibodas adalah R. longiflorum var. bancanum, R. wilhelminae, dan R. album

---

ABSTRACT
There are some limitation on achieving ex situ conservation goals such as time, budget, human resources, and policies. A process on the selection of species or location become a problematical course, especially when planning a botanical expedition. This is because we should consider several factors such as conservation status, budget, information, and risk of grow success. In this paper, a simple set of decision frame to prioritize what plant species to conserve on ex situ collection will be discussed. Thirty species of native threatened Rhododendron were scored using 11 criteria, which are conservation status, success story of ex situ introduction, representation of unique taxon, habitat status on biodiversity hot spot, habitat status on global 200 ecoregion, in situ conservation, growth form, habitat elevation, distance between wild habitat and ex situ habitat, number of sympatric congeneric threatened species, and collecting cost. An interpretation of total score judged by the ranking system. Based on these methods, three species of Indonesia native Rhododendron such as R. longiflorum var. bancanum, R. wilhelminae, and R. album become a top priority for ex situ conservation in Cibodas Botanic Garden.

Abstrak :
Faktor keberhasilan perkawinan yang dilakukan jantan dengan betina penting untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan jumlah populasi, tetapi pola pengasuhan induk dalam mengasuh anaknya juga penting untuk diperhatikan dalam keberlangsungan perkembangan anak. Perilaku pengasuhan kanguru seperti menyusui, menggendong (di dalam kantung), penyediaan makanan, menjaga, dan grooming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku asuh induk (maternal care) kanguru tanah di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta dan pengaruh perilaku maternal care terhadap penurunan populasi kanguru tanah. Subjek penelitian ini, yaitu satu induk kanguru tanah (Desi) dan satu anak kanguru tanah (Septi). Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan frekuensi total perilaku asuh induk (maternal care) kanguru tanah terbanyak merupakan perilaku afiliatif, yaitu grooming sebanyak 37 kali, kemudian diikuti dengan perilaku agonistik, yaitu mother aggressions (13 kali), dan perilaku menyusui (8 kali). Activity budget atau durasi aktivitas maternal care tertinggi yang dilakukan oleh induk kanguru tanah terdapat pada perilaku afiliatif, yaitu perilaku menyusui sebesar 75%, dengan durasi 40,15 menit, diikuti dengan grooming sebesar 23% (12,38 menit), dan perilaku agonsitik yaitu, mother aggressions sebesar 1,80% (1 menit). Maternal care dapat memengaruhi penurunan populasi dari adanya kematian pada anak. ......The success factor of mating between males and females is important for maintaining and increasing the population, but parenting patterns in raising their children are also important to note in the continuity of child development. Kangaroo parenting behaviors such as breastfeeding, carrying (in the pouch), food provisioning, guarding, and grooming. This study aims to analyze the maternal care behavior of agile wallaby (Macropus agilis Gould, 1841) in Ragunan Wildlife Park, Jakarta and the effect of maternal care behavior on the agile wallaby populations. The subjects of this study were one mother agile wallaby (Desi) and one young agile wallaby (Septi). The methods in this study were focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Based on the results of the study, the highest total frequency of agile wallaby maternal behavior was affiliative behavior, namely grooming 37 times, followed by agonistic behavior, namely mother aggression (13 times), and breastfeeding behavior (8 times). The highest activity budget or duration of maternal care activities carried out by agile wallaby was affiliative behavior, namely breastfeeding behavior was 75%, with a duration of 40.15 minutes, followed by grooming was 23% (12.38 minutes), and agonistic behavior namely, maternal aggression was 1.80% (1 minute). Maternal care can affect population decline due to child mortality.

Abstrak :
Lutung perak (Trachypithecus cristatus) tergolong ke dalam status vulnerable berdasarkan IUCN yang menyebabkan salah satu lembaga konservasi ex-situ yakni Taman Margasatwa Ragunan berperan dalam melestarikannya. Perubahan kondisi lingkungan yang signifikan dapat memunculkan gejala stres sehingga mereka harus menyesuaikan diri di lingkungan yang baru. Dalam proses tersebut, penting untuk melihat perilaku yang dapat terdampak salah satunya perilaku pengasuhan anak (parental care). Terdapat tipe pengasuhan berupa alloparental care pada lutung perak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku pengasuhan anak pada lutung perak di luar habitat aslinya yang berada di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Terdapat 7 individu yang menjadi subjek penelitian, yaitu dua jantan dewasa, tiga betina dewasa, satu betina remaja dan satu anak lutung perak. Metode dalam penelitian ini berupa scan sampling dan ad-libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil, terdapat 9 perilaku dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi berupa feeding sebesar 15,6 kali saat hari libur satwa dan breastfeeding sebesar 14,3 kali saat akhir pekan. Secara keseluruhan pengasuhan anak lutung perak di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan tergolong baik karena tidak memunculkan perilaku agonistik. ......The silver langur (Trachypithecus cristatus) is classified as vulnerable according to the IUCN, which causes one of the ex-situ conservation institutions, Ragunan Wildlife Park, to play a role in preserving it. Significant changes in environmental conditions can lead to symptoms of stress so that they must adjust to the new environment. In this process, it is important to look at behaviors that can be affected, one of which is parental care behavior. There is a type of alloparental care in silver langurs. This study aims to analyze parenting behavior in silver langurs outside their natural habitat at the Schmutzer Primate Center, Ragunan Zoo. There were 7 individuals that became the subject of the study, namely two adult males, three adult females, one juvenile female and one infant silver langur. The methods in this study were scan sampling and ad-libitum sampling. Based on the results, there were 9 behaviors with the highest average value of feeding 15,6 times during animal holidays and breastfeeding 14,3 times on weekends. Overall, the parenting of silver langur children in Ragunan Wildlife Park is classified as good because it does not cause agonistic behavior.

Abstrak :
Rafflesia spp. (Rafflesiaceae) have a strategic value from both scientific and conservation viewpoints. To date only very few attempts have succeeded in growing the species ex situ and the main protection measures have been by in situ conservation. More detailed studies are required to understand the relationships between Rafflesia spp. and their host plants in order to improve their management and conservation. Studies on the anatomy, in vitro culture and seed germination in connection with conservation have been conducted in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Effort to transfer Rafflesia patma to an ex situ conservation area has produced some flowers. However, we encountered a bigger challenge to maintain the long term presence of R. patma in ex situ conservation, since a high number of individuals is required to make the viable population.

Abstrak :
Beruang madu (Helarctos malayanus) merupakan salah satu spesies dari Famili Ursidae dan dapat ditemukan di Pulau Sumatra dan Kalimantan. Ancaman yang dihadapi beruang madu di habitat alaminya menyebabkan diperlukannya lembaga konservasi ex-situ untuk melestarikan dan memastikan kesejahteraan beruang madu. Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka merupakan salah satu lembaga konservasi ex-situ yang berada di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Beruang madu merupakan hewan soliter di alam, sedangkan beruang madu di penangkaran dapat ditempatkan di kandang yang sama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menambah informasi mengenai interaksi antara sepasang beruang madu jantan dan betina dengan perbedaan usia yang mencolok yang ditempatkan di kandang peraga yang sama. Penelitian ini juga ingin mengamati perilaku reproduksi beruang madu jantan ketika ditempatkan di kandang peraga yang sama dengan beruang madu betina yang sudah melewati masa produktifnya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seekor beruang madu jantan bernama Potter (8 tahun) dan seekor beruang madu betina bernama Tutik (24 tahun). Pengamatan dilakukan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka selama 100 jam atau 360.000 detik dengan metode focal animal sampling. Hasil yang didapat yaitu beruang madu jantan melakukan perilaku afiliatif dengan persentase sebanyak 94,82%, agonistik sebanyak 0,00%, dan reproduktif sebanyak 5,18%. Beruang madu betina melakukan perilaku afiliatif dengan persentase sebanyak 14,55%, agonistik sebanyak 76,37%, dan reproduktif sebanyak 9,09%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah beruang madu jantan lebih banyak melakukan perilaku afiliatif (94,82%) dibandingkan agonistik (0,00%) terhadap beruang madu betina. Beruang madu betina cenderung menghindari interaksi sosial dan lebih banyak melakukan perilaku agonistik (76,37%) terhadap beruang madu jantan. Selama waktu pengamatan, perilaku reproduktif lebih banyak dilakukan beruang madu jantan (19 detik) dibandingkan beruang madu betina (5 detik). Beruang madu jantan tetap melakukan perilaku sosial normal, baik reproduktif maupun nonreproduktif, walaupun tidak dibalas dan ditolak beruang madu betina yang sudah melewati usia produktif. ......The malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is one of the species in Ursidae Family and can be found in the Island of Sumatra and Borneo. The threats that sun bears receive in its natural habitat lead to the need for ex-situ conservation to preserve and ensure the welfare of sun bears. Gembira Loka Zoo is one example of ex-situ conservation that is located at Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sun bears are known to be solitary animals in the wild, however sun bears in captivity can be placed in the same enclosure. This study was done to add information about the interaction of male and female sun bear with prominent age gap when placed in the same enclosure. This study was also conducted to observe the male reproductive behavior when placed in the same enclosure with a female sun bear that has surpassed the productive age. The subject of this study was a male sun bear named Potter (8 years old) and a female sun bear named Tutik (24 years old). Observation was done for 100 hours or 360.000 seconds with focal animal sampling method. The result of this study is the male sun bear did affiliative behavior with the percentage of 94,82%, agonistic for 0,00%, and reproductive with 5,18%. The female sun bear did affiliative behavior with the percentage of 14,55%, agonistic with 76,37%, and reproductive with 9,09%. The conclusion of this study is the male sun bear did more affiliative behavior (94,82%) than agonistic behavior (0,00%). The female sun bear tends to avoid social interactions and did a lot of agonistic behavior (76,37%) towards the male sun bear. During observation, reproductive behavior was done more by the male sun bear (19 seconds) then the female sun bear (5 seconds). The male sun bear keeps on doing normal social behavior, whether it’s reproductive or non-reproductive, even though the behavior did not reciprocated and was rejected by the female sun bear that has surpassed the productive age.