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Abstrak :

ABSTRAK
Katalis merupakan doping suatu reaksi dengan maksud memperbesar kecepatan reaksi. Katalis terlibat dalam reaksi tetapi tidak mengalami perubahan kimiawi yang permanen sehingga pada akhir reaksi katalis akan dijumpai kembali dalam bentuk dan jumlah yang sama seperti sebelum reaksi. Namun katalis tidak dapat digunakan selamanya. Deaktivasinya aktivitas katalis diduga disebabkan karena terjadi penutupan pori oleh kokas (coke). Regenerasi merupakan proses yang dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kandungan kokas di dalam katalis. Regenerasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan udara sehingga terjadi reaksi oksidasi. Kondisi optimum dalam regenerasi katalis Al2O3 dan H ZSM-5 yaitu suhu 450oC dan laju alir udara 150 mL/menit. Selain itu, telah dilakukan pula uji reaksi kembali untuk katalis teregenerasi agar dapat diketahui tingkat regenerasi katalis.

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ABSTRACT
The catalyst is a reaction with the intention of doping increase the reaction rate. Catalyst in the reaction but not a permanent chemical change so that at the end of the catalytic reaction will be found back in shape and the same number as before the reaction. However, the catalyst can not be used forever. Deactivated catalyst activity alleged to be caused due to the closure of pores by coke. Regeneration is a process to eliminate the content of coke in the catalyst. In this case regeneration is using air resulting in oxidation reactions. Optimum conditions in the regeneration of the catalyst Al2O3 and H ZSM-5 is 450oC temperature and air flow rate 150 mL/minute. Additionally, rereaction have been done also for regenerated catalysts that can be known level of regeneration of catalyst.

Abstrak :
Cupola double tuyer (CDT) kilin could Increase the efficieny of metal pounting process by using CDT coke ratio can be increasel up to 1:14 (1 kg iron:14 kg forme coke)......

Abstrak :
Kualitas batubara kokas dapat diukur melalui banyak parameter. Volatile matter (VM) dan reflektansi virtrinit maksimum (RoMax) merupakan dua parameter kualitas batubara yang memiliki kekuatan korelasi paling kuat. Namun saat ini belum terdapat standar klasifikasi kualitas batubara kokas yang baku serta tidak terjangkaunya proses identifikasi saat penambangan jika harus menggunakan analisis petrografi maceral. Analisis cutoff volatile matter dapat menjadi alternatif dari permasalahan tersebut untuk mengidentifikasi batubara kokas yang memiliki VM lebih rendah (MV1) dan VM lebih tinggi (MV2). Lokasi penelitian berada di tambang Blok X Adaro Metcoal Companies yang memiliki 23 seam batubara dan dipengaruhi oleh tatanan geologi dari Cekungan Kutai Atas. Batubara kokas di daerah penelitian memiliki kualitas VM 23-36% dmmf (kelas Medium Volatile/MV) dan RoMax 1,01-1,30%. Untuk mengidentifikasi rank batubara kelas MV telah ditentukan bahwa RoMax = 1,15% ialah nilai tengah untuk MV1 dan MV2 dan akan menjadi acuan pemotongan nilai VM. Korelasi VM-RoMax dari data bor eksplorasi dipilih basis daf (dried ash free) karena memiliki kekuatan korelasi (Rsq) paling baik, yaitu 72,1%. Kemudian dari korelasi ini dilakukan koreksi anomali (sepeti kadar air dan ash) sehingga korelasi meningkat menjadi 76%. Dari hasil korelasi tersebut didapatkanlah cut-off VM 30% daf ialah nilai perpotongan RoMax 1,15. Kemudian untuk menguji validasi dan keberlanjutan kualitas tersebut antara kondisi saat eksplorasi terhadap penambangan saat ini dilakukanlah korelasi serupa, namun menggunakan pemodelan krigging dan data aktual melalui channel sampling. Deviasi nilai VM model dengan VM aktual rata-rata ±1,08% daf (STD = 2,40%). Oleh karena itu proses identifikasi dengan cutoff VM 30% daf ini valid dan dapat diterapkan untuk operasional penambangan.

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The quality of coking coal is measured by several parameters. Volatile matter (VM) and vitrinite reflectance (RoMax) are the two most reliable coal parameter that have a very strong correlation. Unfortunately, the classification standard for coking coal has not readily been determined and the petrography analysis to determine RoMax is unaffordable. Cutoff volatile matter analysis can be used as an alternative to overcome those issue since the output is to identify coking coal by its volatile matter contains, which has lower VM (MV1) or higher VM (MV2). The location of the research is located in Blok X opened-active mining site Adaro Metcoal Companies that has 23 seams coal and affected by its geological setting particularly from Upper Kutai Basin. Thorugh several lab analysis, this coking coal contains 23-36% dmmf that made it classified as Medium Volatile (MV) class. The RoMax ranges between 1.01-1.30%. In order to identify the rank particularly for MV coking coal, it has been decided that RoMax = 1.15% is median for MV1 and MV2 which later will be a cut-off based. Drillholes data has shown the correlation of VM-RoMax is stronger when using daf (dried ash free) bases, where Rsq = 72,1%. The anomaly correction is later conducted and yields 76%, which is higher and better to use. By this correlation the VM cutoff through 1.15 RoMax is 30% daf. Then to test the validation and its sustainability, this research has undertaken a comparison study of exploration modelling data to actual (recent) data through channel sampling. So that from comparison study the difference slightly ranges in ±1,08% daf (STD = 2,40%). From then on using VM cut-off 30% daf for identification process is valid, relatively sustainable and can be applied for daily mining operations.

Abstrak :
Pada umumnya katalis seharusnya dapat berfungsi selamanya. Namun yang terjadi kenyataannya katalis dapat tidak aktif setelah digunakan dalam beberapa reaksi, salah satu penyebabnya yaitu terbentuknya kokas yang menutup inti aktif katalis HZSM-5 yang menyebabkan naiknya energi aktivasi dan menurunya nilai keasamannya. Regenerasi merupakan proses yang dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kandungan kokas di dalam katalis HZSM-5. Regenerasi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan udara sehingga terjadi reaksi oksidasi. Reaksi oksidasi ini dapat menghilangkan kandungan kokas sebesar 90% hingga 99%. Kondisi optimum dalam regenerasi katalis HZSM-5 yaitu suhu 450°C dan laju alir udara 150 mL/menit. Selain itu, telah dilakukan pula karakterisasi untuk katalis terdeaktivasi agar dapat diketahui senyawa penyusun kokas. ......In general, the catalyst should be able to function forever. But what happens in reality catalyst can not active after being used in several reactions, one of the causes is the formation of coke which closes the active core of HZSM-5 catalyst which causes increased activation energy and decreased the acidity. Regeneration is a process to eliminate the content of coke in the catalyst HZSM-5. In this case regeneration is using air resulting in oxidation reactions. This oxidation reaction can remove the coke content of 90% to 99%. Optimum conditions in the regeneration of the catalyst HZSM-5 is 450°C temperature and air flow rate 150 mL/minute. Additionally, characterizations have been done also for deactivated catalysts that can be known compounds making up the coke.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Mangan merupakan logam yang digunakan untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan seperti untuk campuran logam agar menghasilkan baja dalam industri baja. Kebutuhan bijih mangan juga meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan teknologi dan kebutuhan akan mangan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan proses pembuatan ferromangan dari bahan baku bijih mangan lokal dengan menggunakan submerged arc furnace (SAF). Proses peleburan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 30kg bijih mangan, 12kg batu kapur, dan jumlah kokas serta batu bara yang bervariasi, yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Kemudian, analisa karaktrisasi akan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas produk ferromangan yang dihasilkan, yaitu analisa XRF (X-Ray Fluoroscence), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) untuk mengecek kadar mangan dan kadar slag, analisa masa selama proses produksi, dan analisa jumlah pemakaian energi selama proses produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar kokas dibandingkan kadar batu bara dapat meningkatkan kualitas maupun kuantitas produk ferromangan. Dengan penggunaan 9.5kg (100%) coke akan menghasilkan massa/yield tertinggi yaitu 12.8kg / 96.24% karena kokas memiliki unsur yang lebih baik daripada batu bara sehingga proses reduksi dapat menjadi optimal. Selanjutnya, kandungan mangan pada produk ferromangan tertinggi saat penggunaan 9.5kg (100%) coke sebesar 75.19% Mn karena kokas memiliki kandungan unsur pengotor yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan batu bara sehingga proses reduksi berlangsung dengan optimal. Kemudian, konsumsi energy terendah saat penggunaan 9.5kg (100%) coke sebesar 7.03KWh/kg karena kokas memiliki kandungan pengotor yang sedikit, salah satu contohnya volatile matter, jika kandungan unsur tersebut besar maka konsumsi energi akan bertambah. Sedangkan kandungan fosfor dan sulfur terendah pada produk ferromangan ketika penggunaan 9.5 kg (100%) coke, yaitu fosfor dibawah 0.001% dan sulfur 0.18%. Pengaruh kandungan tersebut berasal dari reduktor yang digunakan, kokas memiliki kandungan phosphorus dan sulphur yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kokas. Phosphorus dapat membuat rapuh logam karena adanya perbedaan kekerasan, kekuatan, dan keuletannya. Sedangkan sulphur dapat membuat rapuh logam pada saat temperature tempa, sehingga kemampuan tempanya akan menurun. Selain itu berdasarkan aspek ekonomi, diperoleh hasil yang memilik keuntungan tertinggi sebesar Rp62,565 dengan penggunaanreduktor sebanyak 9.5kg (100%) coke dan 0kg (0%) coal. ABSTRACT
Manganese mineral is one of the metal element which are used in common to produce alloy steel product. Manganese element is important to enhance steel properties such as wear resistance and hardness. Due to high demand of alloy steel, the production of ferromanganese products are also increase. This phenomena leaded to a large number of manganese ore supply. In this present study, the ferromanganese production will be conducted in mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) technology. The process began with 30 kg medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java-Indonesia, 12 kg limestone as its fluxing agent, and with the main variable of mixed reductor from 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of cokes and coal as its balance. Along the process, chemical analysis also conducted with some tools to obtain an accurate data of chemical compositions within the raw materials, slag, and ferromanganese product. These chemical analysis were conducted by XRF, XRD, and Proximate analysis. Furthermore, not only the chemical composition but also the number of electricity in each process were calculated to obtain the most efficient process. The result of this research showed an increasing trend in ferromanganese quality and quantity with a large number of cokes. Instead of coal, cokes are more effective as a reductor agent in this process. This study showed that with 9.5 kg of cokes (100%) the reduction process of ferromanganese will produce 12.8 kg of ferromanganese metal, 75.19% of manganese content, 96.24% of yield ratio, and least number of energy consumption 7.03 kwh/kg ferromanganese product. One of the reasons to support this result is because cokes have lesser number of impurities than in coal such as volatile matter. The amount of phosphor and sulfur content in ferromanganese metal also can be reduced to < 0.001% P and 0.18% S by using 100% cokes as its reductor. These parameters are important because with small number of phosphor and sulfur content the metal will become tougher and hinder the negative effect of short red hardness in metal during further forming activity. The other reason to support the effectiveness of using 100% cokes as the reductor instead of mixing with coal is the amount of profit for each process which is turned to be the highest profit number compare to other mixing composition, it is Rp 62.565,-/process., Manganese mineral is one of the metal element which are used in common to produce alloy steel product. Manganese element is important to enhance steel properties such as wear resistance and hardness. Due to high demand of alloy steel, the production of ferromanganese products are also increase. This phenomena leaded to a large number of manganese ore supply. In this present study, the ferromanganese production will be conducted in mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) technology. The process began with 30 kg medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java-Indonesia, 12 kg limestone as its fluxing agent, and with the main variable of mixed reductor from 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of cokes and coal as its balance. Along the process, chemical analysis also conducted with some tools to obtain an accurate data of chemical compositions within the raw materials, slag, and ferromanganese product. These chemical analysis were conducted by XRF, XRD, and Proximate analysis. Furthermore, not only the chemical composition but also the number of electricity in each process were calculated to obtain the most efficient process. The result of this research showed an increasing trend in ferromanganese quality and quantity with a large number of cokes. Instead of coal, cokes are more effective as a reductor agent in this process. This study showed that with 9.5 kg of cokes (100%) the reduction process of ferromanganese will produce 12.8 kg of ferromanganese metal, 75.19% of manganese content, 96.24% of yield ratio, and least number of energy consumption 7.03 kwh/kg ferromanganese product. One of the reasons to support this result is because cokes have lesser number of impurities than in coal such as volatile matter. The amount of phosphor and sulfur content in ferromanganese metal also can be reduced to < 0.001% P and 0.18% S by using 100% cokes as its reductor. These parameters are important because with small number of phosphor and sulfur content the metal will become tougher and hinder the negative effect of short red hardness in metal during further forming activity. The other reason to support the effectiveness of using 100% cokes as the reductor instead of mixing with coal is the amount of profit for each process which is turned to be the highest profit number compare to other mixing composition, it is Rp 62.565,-/process.]

Abstrak :
Laporan magang ini membahas evaluasi proses penyusunan dokumen pengajuan tax holiday PT KIN oleh KAP BEL. PT KIN merupakan perusahaan produsen kokas yang akan berinvestasi jangka panjang di Indonesia dan berupaya memanfaatkan fasilitas tax holiday atau pembebasan pajak dari pemerintah atas rencana investasinya. Pemerintah telah mengatur tata cara perolehan tax holiday tersebut dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 130.010 Tahun 2020 tentang Tata Cara Pemberian Fasilitas Pengurangan Pajak Penghasilan Badan (PMK 130). KAP BEL memberikan jasa penyusunan dokumen pengajuan tax holiday PT KIN agar memenuhi syarat pengajuan dan skor indikatif yang ditetapkan dalam PMK 130 sehingga PT KIN dapat memperoleh persetujuan pembebasan pajak. Tim KAP BEL telah melakukan sintesis dan validasi data dari PT KIN dalam menyusun dokumen berupa analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif, serta perhitungan skor indikatif sesuai dengan PMK 130. Secara umum proses penyusunan dokumen pengajuan tax holiday PT KIN yang dilakukan oleh KAP BEL telah sesuai dengan regulasi PMK 130 dan Prosedur Operasional Standar (POS) KAP BEL. Namun demikian terdapat hambatan dalam perhitungan skor indikator untuk kriteria tentang penggunaan teknologi baru dan ramah lingkungan, serta ketidaklengkapan dalam visualisasi perhitungan net impacts. Oleh sebab itu, KAP BEL direkomendasikan untuk menyempurnakan proses validasi data dan visualiasi analisis kuantitatif. ......This internship report discusses the evaluation of the PT KIN tax holiday submission process by KAP BEL. PT KIN is a coke producing company that will invest long-term in Indonesia and seeks to take advantage of the tax holiday facility or tax exemption from the government for its investment plans. The government has regulated the procedure for obtaining the tax holiday in the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 130,010 of 2020 concerning Procedures for Providing Corporate Income Tax Reduction Facilities (PMK 130). KAP BEL provides services for compiling PT KIN's tax holiday submission documents in order to meet the submission requirements and indicative scores set out in PMK 130, therefore PT KIN can obtain tax exemption approval. KAP BEL team has synthesized and validated data from PT KIN in compiling documents in the form of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as calculating indicative scores in accordance with PMK 130. In general, the process of preparing PT KIN tax holiday submission documents carried out by KAP BEL is in accordance with PMK regulations 130 and Standard Operating Procedures (POS) KAP BEL. However, there are obstacles in calculating indicator scores for criteria regarding the use of new and environmentally friendly technologies, as well as incompleteness in visualizing the calculation of net impacts. Therefore, KAP BEL is recommended to improve the process of data validation and visualization of quantitative analysis.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Karakteristik elektroda busur mentah dapat dipengaruhi, diantaranya dengan mengatur jumlah bahan pengikat dan temperatur karbonisasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan pada elektroda busur mentah dengan bahan pengisi kokas green petroleum Pertamina Dumai dan bahan pengikat coal tar pitch dari PT. Inalum.

Pengujian dilakukan dengan variabel jumlah bahan pengikat : 26%, 30%, dan 34%, dan temperatur karbonisasi : 900℃, 1100℃ dan 1300℃. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu, melihat sifat hambatan listrik spesifik dan kekuatan melintangnya.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hambatan listrik spesifik akan mengikat dengan meningkatnya jumlah bahan pengikat dan temperatur karbonisasi, sedangkan kekuatan melintang meningkat dengan meningkatnya temperatur karbonisasi dam akan menurun dengan meningkatnya jumlah bahan pengikat.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Potensi cadangan bijih mangan di Indonesia cukup besar, namun terdapat di berbagai lokasi yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Komoditi ini menjadi bahan baku yang tidak tergantikan di industri baja dunia. Ferromangan (FeMn) merupakan logam paduan dengan komposisi 75% Mangan (Mn) dan 25% besi (Fe) yang umumnya digunakan pada proses peleburan besi/baja guna memperbaiki sifak-sifat mekanik dari produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh proses pencanpuran bijih Mn kadar rendah (LG) yang berasal dari Kab. Tanggamus, Lampung (16,3 %Mn-19,2 %Fe-20,2 %Si) dengan bijih Mn kadar menengah (MG) yang berasal dari Jember, Jawa Timur (27,7 %Mn-4,4 %Fe-14,7%Si) sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan logam FeMn dengan kandungan minimal sebesar 50 %Mn. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali percobaan dengan variasi pada campuran bijih Mn yaitu [1] 25 %LG+75 %MG, [2] 50 %LG+50 %MG, [3] 75 %LG+25 %MG, [4] 100 %LG, dan [5] 100 %MG. Bijih mangan diproses menggunakan Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF) dengan input berupa bijih Mn sebagai bahan baku utama, kokas sebagai reduktor, dan kapur sebagai aditif. Ketiga bahan baku tersebut dilebur hingga mencapai temperatur 1500 oC. Untuk mengetahui kualitas bahan baku dan produk FeMn yang dihasilkan, dilakukan analisa seperti XRF (X-Ray Fluoroscence), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrometry), dan Proksimat. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa untuk percobaan [1] diperoleh logam FeMn sebanyak 5,2 Kg dengan kadar 54,05 %Mn, percobaan [2] diperoleh logam FeMn sebanyak 4,75 Kg dengan kadar 50,03 %Mn, percobaan [3] diperoleh logam FeMn sebanyak 4,6 Kg dengan kadar 36,44 %Mn, percobaan [4] diperoleh logam FeMn sebanyak 4,3 Kg dengan kadar 31,13 %Mn, dan percobaan [5] diperoleh logam FeMn sebanyak 12,8 Kg dengan kadar 75,19 %Mn. Pengaruh dari proses pencampuran (Mn-blend) dalam pembuatan ferromangan ini adalah semakin banyak komposisi bijih Mn kadar menengah (MG) yang digunakan, menyebabkan (a) semakin banyaknya kokas dan semakin berkurangnya kapur yang dibutuhkan, (b) meningkatnya yield, jumlah produk, serta kandungan persentase Mn dari FeMn yang dihasilkan, dan (c) semakin rendahnya konsumsi energi yang dibutuhkan. ABSTRACT
The potential reserve of manganese ore in Indonesia is very large, but it was located in different locations spread throughout Indonesia. Manganese ore is one of raw material in producing ferromanganese that is not replaceable in the world steel industry. Ferromanganese (FeMn) is an alloying metal that contained of 75% Manganese (Mn) and 25% Iron (Fe) which is generally used in the process of iron/steel making to improve its mechanical properties. In this experiment, ferromanganese production was conducted by blending two kinds of manganese ore, that was low grade Mn ore (LG) which derived from Tanggamus, Lampung (16,3 %Mn-19,2 %Fe-20,2 %Si) and medium grade Mn ore (MG) which derived from Jember, East Java (27,7 %Mn-4,4 %Fe-14,7 %Si), to obtain ferromanganese with a minimum content of 50 %Mn. The composition of Mn-blend in this experiment was [1] 25 %LG+75 %MG, [2] 50 %LG+50 %MG, [3] 75 %LG+25 %MG, [4] 100 %LG, and [5] 100 %MG. This mixed manganese ore was processed by using Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF). Cokes and limestone was added into the furnace as reductant and flux agent, respectively. Those raw materials are smelted until 1500 °C. To determine the composition of raw materials and the product of FeMn, analysis such as XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), XRD (XRay Diffraction), AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), and proximate have to be done. From each composition of Mn-blend above in this experiment, it was obtained that [1] 5,2 Kg of FeMn with 54,05 %Mn, [2] 4,75 Kg of FeMn with 50,03 %Mn, [3] 4,6 Kg of FeMn with 36,44 %Mn, [4] 4,3 Kg of FeMn with 31,13 %Mn, and [5] 12,8 Kg of FeMn with 75,19 %Mn. The effect of Mn-blend in this ferromanganese production was by the increasing composition of the medium grade manganese ore (MG) that will cause: (a) the increasing number of cokes and the decreasing of limestone required, (b) the increasing of yield, the number of products, and also the percentage of manganese content FeMn, and (c) the decreasing of energy consumption required., The potential reserve of manganese ore in Indonesia is very large, but it was located in different locations spread throughout Indonesia. Manganese ore is one of raw material in producing ferromanganese that is not replaceable in the world steel industry. Ferromanganese (FeMn) is an alloying metal that contained of 75% Manganese (Mn) and 25% Iron (Fe) which is generally used in the process of iron/steel making to improve its mechanical properties. In this experiment, ferromanganese production was conducted by blending two kinds of manganese ore, that was low grade Mn ore (LG) which derived from Tanggamus, Lampung (16,3 %Mn-19,2 %Fe-20,2 %Si) and medium grade Mn ore (MG) which derived from Jember, East Java (27,7 %Mn-4,4 %Fe-14,7 %Si), to obtain ferromanganese with a minimum content of 50 %Mn. The composition of Mn-blend in this experiment was [1] 25 %LG+75 %MG, [2] 50 %LG+50 %MG, [3] 75 %LG+25 %MG, [4] 100 %LG, and [5] 100 %MG. This mixed manganese ore was processed by using Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF). Cokes and limestone was added into the furnace as reductant and flux agent, respectively. Those raw materials are smelted until 1500 °C. To determine the composition of raw materials and the product of FeMn, analysis such as XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence), XRD (XRay Diffraction), AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), and proximate have to be done. From each composition of Mn-blend above in this experiment, it was obtained that [1] 5,2 Kg of FeMn with 54,05 %Mn, [2] 4,75 Kg of FeMn with 50,03 %Mn, [3] 4,6 Kg of FeMn with 36,44 %Mn, [4] 4,3 Kg of FeMn with 31,13 %Mn, and [5] 12,8 Kg of FeMn with 75,19 %Mn. The effect of Mn-blend in this ferromanganese production was by the increasing composition of the medium grade manganese ore (MG) that will cause: (a) the increasing number of cokes and the decreasing of limestone required, (b) the increasing of yield, the number of products, and also the percentage of manganese content FeMn, and (c) the decreasing of energy consumption required.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Industri kecil peleburan logam yang menggunakan dapur tukik sebagai tungku peleburannya membutuhkan kokas impor sebagai sumber energi untuk melebur logam. Melemahnya nilai tukar mata uang rupiah terhadap mata uang asing telah menyebabkan peningkatan biaya produksi yang harus ditanggung oleh kalangan industriawan yang menggunakan kokas impor. Pada penelitian ini diteliti sejauh mana briket batubara super PT. Bukit Asam dapat digunakan untuk mensubsiitu si sehagian penggunaan kokas impor sebagai sumber energi peleburan tanpa mengganggu kondisi operasional peleburan ataupun kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian diawali dengan melakukan pelebunan dengan menggunakan 100% kokas impor. Setelah temperatur stabil barulah dilakukan substitusi kokas impor dengan brik batubara secara bertahap dengan nilai substitusi 10%, 15 %, dan 20%. Pada tiap-tiap nilai substitusi dilakukan pengamatan visual terhadap kondisi operasional, pengukuran temperature dan pembuatan sampel uji. Terhadap sampel uji dilakukan pengamatan visual, uji komposisi, uji kekerasan dan uji struktur mikro. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa subtitusi kokas impor dengan briket batubara sampai dengan 20% tidak berpengaruh terhadap rata-rata temperature yang dicapai, namun kondisi opersional mulai terganggu dengan munculnya abu dari lubang charging dan bertambahnya jumlah terak pada ladel. Pengujian kualitas produk juga tidak memperhatikan adanya perubahan yang mencolok baik dari penampakan visual maupun komposisinya.