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"Keseimbangan berbagai jenis bakteri pada kulit sangat penting dalam menjaga kesehatan kulit. Permasalahan pada kulit wajah yang muncul salah satunya disebabkan oleh disbiosis mikroba. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis keberagaman mikrobiom bakteri yang terdapat pada kulit wajah dengan kondisi pH dan kelembaban beragam. Metode analisis diversitas dengan Next Generation Sequencing 16s rRNA. Jumlah responden yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 144 sampel. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kelas filum bakteri tertinggi Actinobacterium (49,72%), Proteobacterium (29,86%) dan Firmicutes (18,64%). Pada genus Cutibacterium (41,48%), Neisseriaceae (20,29), Staphylococcus (10,16%) ditemukan terbanyak pada kulit wajah dengan nilai kondisi pH dan kelembaban berbeda. Analisis diversitas alfa dengan indeks Chao1 (p=0,05) dan Faith PD(p=0.004) menunjukan kelimpahan mikrobiom signifikan lebih tinggi ditemukan pada pH tinggi dibandingkan pH normal. Analisis diversitas Alfa pada kelembaban tidak ditemukan signifikan terhadap kelimpahan bakteri mikrobiom wajah. Hasil diversitas beta ditemukan perbedaan kelimpahan mikrobiom bakteri pada sepuluh genus tertinggi yang ditemukan pada pH normal dan pH tinggi serta kelompok kelembaban dengan sangat lembab, lembab dan kering. Kesimpulan penelitian profil genus Cutibacterium, Neisseriaceae, Staphylococcus bakteri paling banyak ditemukan pada pH tinggi dan pH normal seta kelembaban sangat lembab, lembab dan kering. Cutibacterium, Neisseriaceae dan Staphylococcus menunjukan adanya peningkatan pH kulit maka kelimpahan bakteri tersebut semakin meningkat. Pada kelembaban kulit, kelimpahan Cutibacterium dan Staphylococcus menurun seiring penurunan nilai kelembaban kulit.

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Balancing various types of bacteria on the skin is crucial for maintaining skin health. One of the issues that arise with facial skin is caused by microbial dysbiosis. Research was conducted to analyze the diversity of bacterial microbiomes on the facial skin with varying pH and moisture conditions. The diversity analysis method used Next Generation Sequencing 16s rRNA, and the study included 144 samples. The results of this research revealed that the highest bacterial phylum classes were Actinobacterium (49.72%), Proteobacterium (29.86%), and Firmicutes (18.64%). The genera Cutibacterium (41.48%), Neisseriaceae (20.29%), and Staphylococcus (10.16%) were the most abundant on the facial skin with different pH and moisture conditions. Alpha diversity analysis using Chao1 index (p=0.05) and Faith PD (p=0.004) indicated significantly higher microbial abundance found in high pH compared to normal pH. However, there was no significant difference in alpha diversity concerning the moisture level and facial bacterial microbiome abundance. Beta diversity analysis showed differences in bacterial microbiome abundance in the top ten genera found between normal pH and high pH, as well as between moisture groups categorized as very moist, moist, and dry. In conclusion, the research profiled the genera Cutibacterium, Neisseriaceae, and Staphylococcus as the most found bacteria in high pH and normal pH conditions, as well as very moist, moist, and dry moisture levels. Cutibacterium, Neisseriaceae, and Staphylococcus showed an increase in skin pH resulting in an increase in the abundance of these bacteria. On the other hand, the abundance of Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus decreased with decreasing skin moisture levels."

"ABSTRAKFraksi diklormetana kulit buah manggis Garcinia mangostana L diketahui kaya akan kandungan xanton dan terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang poten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek gel transfersom fraksi diklormetana kulit buah manggis terhadap elastisitas dan kelembaban kulit pada wanita pascamenopause. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental acak tersamar tunggal terhadap 46 wanita pascamenopause yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberikan gel transfersom GT dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan gel transfersom fraksi diklormetana kulit buah manggis GTF . Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 minggu dan perubahannya diukur menggunakan Cutometer dan Corneometer. Uji potensi iritasi dilakukan sebelum perlakuan. Efek yang tidak diinginkan dari sediaan diamati selama perlakuan. Perubahan elastisitas dan kelembaban kulit menunjukkan kecenderungan yang meningkat, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna p>0,05 baik pada kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok perlakuan. Hasil kategori respon iritasi menunjukkan iritasi yang tidak berarti Indeks Iritasi Primer=0.083 dan selama penelitian tidak ditemukan efek yang tidak diinginkan. Gel transfersom xanton aman diaplikasikan namun belum memberikan efek dalam perbaikan elastisitas dan kelembaban kulit wanita pascamenopause. Kemungkinan membutuhkan peningkatan dosis zat aktif atau waktu yang lebih lama.

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ABSTRACTDichlormethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp Garcinia mangostana L. has high contents of xanthones and it has proven to have potential antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dichlormethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp loaded transfersom gel on skin elasticity and skin hydration in postmenopausal women. This study design was single blind randomized controlled trial on 46 postmenopausal women which were divided into two groups. The control and treatment group were given a transfersom gel GT and a dichlormethane fraction of mangosteen pericarp loaded transfersom gel GTF respectivley. The study was conducted for 6 weeks and the elasticity and hydration status of the skin was measured by Cutometer and Corneometer. The potential irritant test was carried out before the treatment. The adverse effects observed during the the treatment. The irritation response categories showed non significant irritation Primary Irritation Index 0.083 during the study and no adverse effects. The changes in skin elasticity and skin hydration showed an incensement trend, but no significant difference p 0.05 for both the control and treatment group. Transfersome gel xanthones is safe but no effect in improving skin elasticity and skin hydration of postmenopausal women. It may take longer or dose incensement of the active ingredient."