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"Mangiferin, turunan polifenol dari daun, batang, atau kulit buah Mangifera indica L. dikenal memiliki efek kelasi besi. Mangiferin memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Untuk meningkatkan bioavailabilitasnya, mangiferin dibungkus dalam nanopartikel kitosan-alginat. Studi terdahulu tidak mengukur kadar besi pada ginjal sebagai organ yang terlibat dalam metabolisme besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh mangiferin dan mangiferin dalam nanopartikel kitosan-alginat terhadap akumulasi besi di ginjal tikus yang mengalami kelebihan besi. Tiga puluh ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam 5 kelompok: kontrol (C), tikus kelebihan besi (IO), tikus kelebihan besi yang diberi mangiferin oral dosis 50 mg/kg BB (M50), tikus kelebihan besi yang diberi mangiferin dalam nanopartikel kitosan-alginat oral dosis 50 mg/kg BB (MN50) atau 25 mg/kg BB (MN25). Model tikus kelebihan besi dibuat dengan memberikan iron dextran intraperitoneal, 2 kali seminggu selama 4 minggu. Kadar besi pada ginjal diukur dengan alat atomic absorbance spectrophotometry (AAS). Kadar besi pada kelompok C, IO, M50, MN50, dan MN25 adalah 925,64 (568,25-1190,48); 3325,36 (2765,46-3566,99); 1874,96 (1023,56-2876,3); 2571,56 (2137,98-3760,87); dan 1065,48 (924,85-3671,04) mcg/g jaringan secara berurutan. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar besi di antara kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok IO (p > 0,05). Mangiferin dalam nanopartikel kitosan-alginat tidak dapat mencegah akumulasi besi pada ginjal.

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Mangiferin, polyphenol derived from leaves, bark, or fruit peels of Mangifera indica L., known has iron chelating effect. Mangiferin has low bioavailability. To improve mangiferin bioavailability, it is encapsulated in chitosan-alginate nanoparticle. Previous study did not measure kidney iron concentration that influences iron excretion. Aim of this study is to evaluate effect of mangiferin and mangiferin in chitosan-alginate nanoparticle toward iron accumulation in kidney iron overload rat model. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control (C), iron overload rats (IO), iron overload rats treated with oral mangiferin doses of 50 mg/kgBW (M50), and iron overload rats treated with oral mangiferin in chitosan-alginate nanoparticle doses of 50 mg/kgBW (MN50) or 25 mg/kgBW (MN25). Iron overload rat model made by given iron dextran 15 mg intraperitoneally, twice a week for 4 weeks. Iron concentration in kidney was measured by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry (AAS). Iron concentration in kidney at C, IO, M50, MN50, and MN25 groups were 925,64 (568,25-1190,48); 3325,36 (2765,46-3566,99); 1874,96 (1023,56-2876,3); 2571,56 (2137,98-3760,87); and 1065,48 (924,85-3671,04) mcg/g tissue, respectively. There are no significant differences in iron concentration among treatment groups compare to IO group (p > 0.05). Mangiferin in chitosan-alginate nanoparticle did not prevent accumulation of iron in kidney."

"Iron overload adalah kondisi besi berlebih yang disebabkan oleh transfusi darah berkepanjangan. Iron overload dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya radikal bebas dan stres oksidatif, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan pada organ paru. Buah mahkota dewa yang mengandung mangiferin, diketahui berpotensi menjadi agen pengkelat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak buah mahkota dewa sebagai agen pengkelat besi pada organ paru-paru tikus dengan kelebihan besi. Tikus Sprague-dawley jantan akan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, deferipron 462,5 mg/kgBB, mangiferin 50 mg/kgBB, Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB, dan Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBB. Iron sucrose diberikan kepada semua kelompok kecuali kelompok normal sebanyak 15 mg sebanyak 2 kali seminggu secara intraperitoneal hingga minggu ke-7, kemudian dilarutkan dalam larutan asam perklorat, larutan HNO3, dan aquades. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah semua kelompok yang diinduksi besi, kecuali Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBB cenderung menurunkan kadar besi, meskipun tidak signifikan. Kadar besi pada kelompok PM 1 lebih rendah dari kelompok deferipron dan mangiferin, sedangkan kelompok PM2 lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol negatif. Kelompok PM1 menurunkan kadar besi lebih baik dibandingkan PM2, mangiferin, dan deferipron

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Iron overload is a condition of excess iron caused by prolonged blood transfusions. Iron overload can cause the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, which can cause tissue damage to the lungs. Mahkota dewa which contains mangiferin, is known to have the potential to be an iron chelating agent. This study aims to determine the effect of Mahkota Dewa fruit extract as an iron chelating agent in the lungs of rats with excess iron. Male Sprague-Dawley rats will be divided into 6 groups, normal group, negative control, deferipron 462.5 mg/kgBB, mangiferin 50 mg/kgBB, Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB, and Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBB. Iron sucrose was given to all groups except the normal group as much as 15 mg 2 times a week intraperitoneally until the 7th week, then dissolved in perchloric acid solution, HNO3 solution, and distilled water. The results obtained were that all groups induced by iron, except Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kg, tended to decrease iron levels, although not significantly. Iron levels in the PM1 group were lower than the deferipron and mangiferin groups, while the PM2 group was higher than the negative control group. The PM1 group reduced iron levels better than PM2, mangiferin, and deferipron"

"Kelebihan besi dapat terjadi akibat transfusi berulang dan peningkatan absorpsi besi pada pasien talasemia. Talasemia dapat menyebabkan splenomegali dan hiperaktivitas limpa, sedangkan kelebihan besi menyebabkan kerusakan DNA dan stress oksidatif. Mangiferin dalam buah Phaleria macrocarpa memiliki potensi sebagai agen pengkelat besi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ekstrak etanol buah Mahkota Dewa dalam menurunkan kadar besi organ limpa tikus yang mengalami iron overload. Tikus Sprague-Dawley 30 ekor dikelompokkan menjadi normal, kontrol negatif, deferiprone 462,5 mg/kgBB, mangiferin 50 mg/kgBB, Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB (PM1), dan Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBB (PM2). Setiap kelompok, kecuali normal, diinjeksikan iron sucrose 15 mg sebanyak 2 kali seminggu secara intraperitoneal. Pada minggu ke-7, dilakukan pengambilan organ limpa untuk dibuatkan homogenat. Homogenat direaksikan dengan HNO3 dan asam perklorat, kemudian ditambahkan aquades dan disaring sebelum kadar besi diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Kadar besi dimasukkan ke dalam rumus dan dianalisis dengan Kruskall-Wallis. Seluruh kelompok yang diinduksi besi memiliki kadar besi lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok normal. Kelompok deferiprone, mangferin, dan PM1 memiliki kadar besi cenderung lebih tinggi daripada kelompok negatif, sedangkan kadar besi PM2 cenderung lebih rendah. Kelompok PM2 menurunkan kadar besi lebih besar daripada PM1, mangiferin, dan deferiprone.

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Iron overload can happen due to repeated transfusion and increased iron absorption in thalassemia patients. Thalassemia can cause splenomegaly and hypersplenism, while iron overload causes DNA’s damage and oxidative stress. Mangiferin from Phaleria macrocarpa’s fruit has potential as iron chelator and antioxidant. This study intends to evaluate ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa’s fruit in reducing iron value in spleen from iron overloaded rats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were sorted into normal group, negative control, deferiprone 462,5 mg/kgBW, mangiferin 50 mg/kgBW, Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBW (PM1), and Phaleria macrocarpa 200 mg/kgBW (PM2). Every group, except normal, was administered with iron sucrose 15 mg twice a week through intraperitoneal. At week 7th, spleen organs were taken to create homogenates. Homogenates were reacted with HNO3 and perchlorate acid, then added with aquades and filtered before iron levels were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Iron levels were inputted in the formula and analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis. All induced groups have higher iron levels compared to the normal group. Deferiprone, mangiferin, and PM1 tended to have higher iron levels compared to negative control, while iron levels of PM2 tended to be lower. PM2 group reduced iron levels more than PM1, mangiferin, and deferiprone."

"Pendahuluan: Akumulasi zat besi berlebih, terutama pada pasien thalassemia yang menerima transfusi darah rutin, dapat memicu penyakit pernapasan seperti PPOK melalui pembentukan radikal bebas. Meskipun kelator besi seperti deferiprone efektif, deferiprone memiliki efek samping seperti neutropenia dan agranulositosis. Phaleria macrocarpa diketahui juga mengandung mangiferin yang bersifat antioksidan dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi kombinasi deferiprone dan ekstrak etanol P. macrocarpa sebagai alternatif untuk mengobati kondisi kelebihan zat besi dengan efek samping yang lebih rendah. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan tikus Sprague-Dawley (200-250 g) yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok: Normal (N), Kontrol Negatif (KN), Deferiprone (D), Phaleria macrocarpa (PM), Kombinasi Dosis Penuh (DPM-1), dan Kombinasi Setengah Dosis (DPM-2). Tikus diinjeksi iron dextran 15 mg/x selama 8 minggu. Kelompok perlakuan menerima ekstrak etanol Phaleria macrocarpa (100 mg/kgBB) selama 4 minggu, sedangkan deferiprone diberikan dalam dosis penuh (462,5 mg/kgBB) atau setengah dosis (231,2 mg/kgBB) selama 4 minggu. Kadar zat besi dalam jaringan paru diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Hasil: Kelompok PM menunjukkan penurunan kadar besi paling rendah di paru dibandingkan KN. Uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan data terdistribusi normal (p>0,05). Uji One Way Anova tidak menemukan perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p>0,05), sehingga uji post hoc tidak dilakukan. Kesimpulan: Pemberian terapi deferiprone dan ekstrak Phaleria macrocarpa secara kombinasi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam penurunan kadar besi di paru secara statistik. Namun, data menunjukkan kadar besi mengalami penurunan walaupun tidak signifkan pada kelompok PM dan DPM2.

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Introduction: Excessive iron accumulation, particularly in thalassemia patients who undergo regular blood transfusions, can lead to respiratory diseases like COPD, through free radical formation. Although iron chelators such as deferiprone are effective, they may cause side effects including neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Phaleria macrocarpa, containing mangiferin, has known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combining deferiprone with Phaleria macrocarpa extract for treating iron overload with fewer side effects. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (200–250 g) were divided into six groups: Normal (N), Negative Control (KN), Deferiprone (D), Phaleria macrocarpa (PM), Full-Dose Combination (DPM-1), and Half-Dose Combination (DPM-2). The rats were injected with 15 mg/x iron dextran for 8 weeks to induce iron overload. The treatment groups received ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (100 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks, while deferiprone was given at full dose (462.5 mg/kg body weight) or half dose (231.2 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Iron levels in lung tissues were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Results: The PM group showed the lowest reduction in lung iron levels compared to KN. The Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed that the data were normally distributed (p>0.05). One-way Anova revealed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05), so post hoc tests weren’t conducted. Conclusion: Although the combination of deferiprone and Phaleria macrocarpa extract did not significantly reduce lung iron levels, The data showed that iron levels decreased, although not significantly, in the PM and DPM2 groups."