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"Tujuan: Mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak dengan mengetahui hubungan antara pola pemberian ASI dan MP·ASI dengan stunting pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan dan mengkatkan kadar seng serum bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case control. Subyek penelitian adalah bayi stunting dan tidak stunting. Hasil: Jumlah subyek 90 bayi usia 6-12 bulan, 30 kasus, 60 kontrol. Kelompok kasus diambil secara purposive, sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalab bayi tidak stunting dengan matching jenis kelamin dan usia dalam rasio satu banding dua yang diambil acak sederhana. Subyek terdiri atas 45 bayi perempuan dan 45 bayi Iaki-laki. Sebagian besar (73,3%) subyek berusu.9-12 bulan. Berat badan lahir <-1 SD ditemukan pada 24,4% subyek dan panjang badan lahir <-1 SD pada 15,9% subyek (n= 44). Responden, yaitu ibu subyek, sebagian besar (87,8%) berusia antara 17-'15 lahun dan 58,9"10 berpendidikan rendah. Hampir seluruh subyek (96,7%) mendapat asupan seng di bawah AKG 2004. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan BB lahir <-1 SD merupakan faktor risiko yang bennakna (OR =1,51; P < 0,001) Untuk stunting. Uji statistik menuujukkan pola pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI kalegori tidak baik meningkatkan risiko stunting (OR = 1,122; 95% CI 0,351-3,581), walaupun seeara statistik tidak bermakna. Dengan analisis tambahan didapatkan tidak dilanjutkanya ASI setelah mendapat MP-ASI merupakan faktor risiko bermakna Untuk stunting (p ~0,039; OR 5,8). Rerata kadar seng serum bayi stunting 12,4 ± 1,7 umoL, yaitu termasuk dalam rentang marjinaI (10,7-<13 umol/L). Sebanyak 56,1% subyek stunting mempunyai kadar seng serum di bawah niIai normal (13 umol/L) dan 20% mempunyai kadar seng serum rendah «10,7 umol/L). Uji kore1asi menunjukan tidak ada hubungan antara kadar seng serum dengan asupan seng dan panjang badan untuk usia. Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI kategori tidak baik meningkatkan risiko stunting. Rerata kadar seng serum bayi stunting pada peneitian ini berada dalam rentang marjinal.

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Objective: Aim of the study was to optimize child grosth by investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice and stunting among 6-12 mo infants, and to examine the zinc status of 6-12 months old stunted infants.

Method : A "nested" case-control design was used in this study. Subjects were stunted and nonstunted infants.

Results : A total of90 subjects of 6-12 mo infants in Tangerang participated in this study (30 cases and 60 _Is). Purposive sampling was used to obtain cases, while simple random sampling was used among matched controls (by gender and age). Gender were equally distributed in both groups. Mostof1he subjects (733%) were between 9-12 mo. Birth weight <-1 SD were found in 24.4% and length (n = 44) <-I SO in 15.9% subjects. Respondents, the subjects'mothers; mostly (87.8%) were between 17-35 yr and 58.9% were low educated.. Almost all (96.7%) subjects had zinc intake below Indonesian RDA 2004. This study demonstrated that birth weight <-1 SD was a significance risk factor (p<0.001; OR = 7.57) fur stunting. Statistical analysis showed that inappropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice increased 1he risk fur stunting (OR= 1.122; 95% Cl 0351-3587), although statistically not significant. Further analysis showed that not continuing breastfeeding was a significant risk further for stunting (OR = 5.8 and p = 0.039). Mean serum zinc levels of 1he stunted subjects was 12.4 ± 1.7 umol/L (marginal levels 10.7-<13 pmollL). Serum zinc levels of 56.7% stunted subjects were under be normal levels (13 umol/L) and 20% hail low serum zinc levels <10.7 umol/L). Serum zinc levels did not show relationship with zinc in lake and height for age Z-score.

Conclusion : inappropriate feeding practice increased 1he risk for stunting. Mean serum zinc levels of stunted subjects in this study were in marginal range."

"Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann's classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann's classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions."

"Latar belakang: Pada trimester ketiga terjadi peningkatan patogen yang dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan kerja imunitas usus akibat defisiensi seng, sehingga menekan pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Desain: Studi potong lintang pada 52 wanita hamil ≥32 minggu, berusia 19–44 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian di 10 Puskesmas Kacamatan Jakarta Timur. Dinilai asupan seng dan besi menggunakan SQ-FFQ. Asupan protein, lemak dan total kalori menggunakan 2x24 hours food recall. Dilakukan pengukuran seng serum dan penghitungan Bifidobacterium usus. Hasil: Didapatkan asupan seng kurang dengan rerata 8,74±3,90 mg/hari. Defisiensi seng didapatkan pada 75% subjek. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus subjek memiliki median sebesar 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log sel/gram. Kelompok defisiensi seng memiliki nilai median yang lebih rendah. Uji korelasi didapatkan nilai r=0,04 dengan p=0,81. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Background: Numbers of pathogen were increases in the third trimester of pregnancy that can be caused by impairment of gut immune function due to zinc serum deficiency, thereby suppressing the growth of Bifidobacterium. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between zinc serum levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Design: A cross-sectional study recruited 52 pregnant women among 19–44 years old with gestational age ≥32 weeks and met the study criteria were conducted in 10 Community Health Center at East Jakarta. Dietary intake such as zinc and iron through SQ-FFQ, protein, fat and total calories using 2x24 hours food recall were assessed. Measurement of serum zinc level and quantification of gut Bifidobacterium numbers were generated.

Results: The entire subject had poor zinc intake with mean value 8,74±3,90 mg/day. Zinc deficiency was found in 75% subjects. Median number of gut Bifidobacterium was 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log cell/gram and subjects with zinc deficiency had lower median value. Correlation test score r=0,04 and p=0,81.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum zinc levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy."

"Latar Belakang: Belum ada hubungan konsisten antara kadar seng dalam serum dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif pada anak dengan GPPH. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan rerata kadar seng dalam serum pada anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif, tanpa gangguan fungsi eksekutif and anak non GPPH, dan korelasi antara kadar seng dalam serum dengan fungsi eksekutif pada anak GPPH. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong-lintang dengan kontrol. Sembilan puluh anak dari dua Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta diambil secara acak sebagai subjek penelitian yang dibagi dalam 30 anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif, 30 anak GPPH tanpa gangguan fungsi eksekutif, dan 30 anak non GPPH. Kadar seng dalam serum diperiksa dengan metode Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometry. Fungsi eksekutif didapatkan melalui pemeriksaan BRIEF versi bahasa Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan SPPS for Windows versi 20. Hasil: Dari seluruh subjek penelitian, 75% mengalami defisiensi seng. Ditemukan 60% anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif memiliki kadar seng tidak normal. Rerata serum seng pada anak GPPH dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif adalah 59.40 g/dL, pada anak GPPH tanpa gangguan fungsi eksekutif adalah 55.36 g/dL, dan pada anak non GPPH adalah 52.93 g/dL. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada rerata serum seng antara tiga kelompok (p = 0.119). Korelasi antara kadar seng pada anak GPPH dengan fungsi eksekutif adalah r=0.128. Kesimpulan: Kadar seng dalam serum tidak berhubungan secara langsung dengan gangguan fungsi eksekutif, namun diduga berhubungan dengan gejala klinis GPPH. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui lebih jelas hubungan antara seng dalam serum dengan fungsi eksekutif pada anak dengan GPPH.

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Background: It was assumed that there might be association between serum zinc level and executive function in children with ADHD. This study aimed to identify mean differences between serum zinc in ADHD children with executive dysfunction, without executive dysfunction, and non ADHD children, and to find correlation between serum zinc level and executive function in children with ADHD.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study with control group. Ninety children from two elementary schools in Jakarta were randomly selected as research subjects. They were categorized into ADHD children with executive dysfunction (n=30), ADHD children without executive dysfunction (n=30), and non ADHD children (n=30). Serum zinc was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometry method. Executive function was examined using BRIEF-Indonesian version. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 for Windows.

Result: Seventy five percent of research subjects experinced zinc deficiency. Meanwhile, 60% of children with ADHD suffered from zinc deficiency. There was no significant difference in mean serum zinc between ADHD children with executive dysfunction, without executive dysfunction, and non ADHD children (59.40 g/dL vs. 55.36 g/dL vs. 52.93 g/dL, p=0.119). The coefficient correlation between serum zinc level and executive function in ADHD children was 0,128.

Conclusion: Serum zinc level might not associate directly with executive dysfunction, however it might link with clinical symptoms of ADHD. Further study needs to be done in order to obtain a more clear understanding of serum zinc and executive function in children with ADHD."

"ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan merupakan suatu proses yang membutuhkan asupan seng yang adekuat guna menunjang kesehatan ibu dan janin. Defisiensi seng akibat kurangnya asupan dan bioavailabilitas seng dalam diet masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kadar seng serum dan hubungannya dengan asupan makanan dalam upaya perbaikan asupan seng pada kehamilan trimester tiga.

Desain: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 51 subjek ibu hamil trimester tiga dengan menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan consecutive sampling.

Hasil: Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil rerata kadar seng serum pada subjek penelitian adalah 39,32±6,28 µg/dl dengan frekuensi seng serum rendah dari normal sebesar 92,16%. Semua subjek penelitian tidak memenuhi asupan seng, serat, energi dan protein sesuai AKG. Asupan besi subjek penelitian melebihi AKG pada 96,1% subjek dan semua subjek memiliki rasio molar fitat lebih dari 15. Terdapat korelasi lemah yang tidak bermakna secara statistik antara asupan seng (r=0.068), besi (r=0,09), fitat (r=0,081), serat (r=0,026), energi (r=0,073) dan protein (r=0,033) dengan seng serum subjek penelitian.

Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein dengan seng serum subjek penelitian. Dibutuhkan edukasi tentang bahan makanan sumber yang baik untuk memperbaiki asupan seng, besi, fitat, serat, energi dan protein pada ibu hamil.

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ABSTRAK

Background: Pregnancy is a process that requires an adequate zinc intake to support maternal and perinatal health. However, zinc deficiency due to inadequate intake and zinc bioavailability in diet still remain a problem in developing countries, including Indonesia.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate serum zinc levels and its relation to food intake in order to improve zinc intake in late pregnancy.

Design: The method used in this study was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 51 late pregnancy subjects.

Results: The study results mean serum zinc level was 39.32±6.28 µg/dl with prevalence of serum zinc below normal 92.16%. All of the subjects did not meet the RDI of zinc, fiber, energy and protein. As 96.1% subjects meet the RDI of iron and all subjects had phytate-zinc molar ratio more than 15. There was a weak correlation that not statistically significant between the intake of zinc (r=0.068), iron (r=0.09), phytate (r=0.081), dietary fiber (r=0.026), energy (r=0.073) and protein (r=0.033) with serum zinc.

Conclusion:This study conclude that there was no association between intake of zinc, iron, phytate, dietary fiber, energy and protein with serum zinc level in late pregnancy. Pregnant women need a nutritional education about good food source to improve zinc, iron, dietary fiber, energy, and protein intakes.

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"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan aktivitas SOD eritrosit pada pasien geriatri non-frail dan frail di Poliklinik Geriatri RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta pada pertengahan bulan Agustus 2014 sampai pertengahan bulan September 2014. Subjek didapatkan secara consecutive sampling, sebanyak 60 orang (30 orang untuk masing-masing kelompok non-frail dan frail) yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai. Tidak didapatkan korelasi signifikan antara kadar seng serum dengan aktivitas SOD eritrosit subjek penelitian, baik secara keseluruhan maupun per kelompok.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to know the correlation between serum zinc level and the erythrocyte SOD activity both in non-frail and frail geriatric patients. These subjects were collected from mid-August 2014 to mid-September 2014 from the clinic of Geriatric, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Through conducting a consecutive sampling, 60 subjects who met the study criteria and completed all study progress, that consisted 30 persons who represent each non- frail and frail group, were enrolled into this study. Serum zinc level did not show significant correlation with erythrocyte SOD activity, both overall and per group."