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"Telah dilakukan penelitian di rumah kaca Departemen Biologi FMIPAUI pada bulan Februari--September 2007 tentang pengaruh salinitas padapembibitan, yaitu perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah, pada bijijarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Penelitian bersifat eksperimentalmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan delapan perlakuan salinitasNaCl yaitu P1 (kontrol atau 0 ppm), P2 (500 ppm), P3 (1.000 ppm), P4 (1.500ppm), P5 (2.000 ppm), P6 (2.500 ppm), P7 (3.000 ppm), dan P8 (3.500 ppm).Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 48 ulangan yang diberikan sejak bijidikecambahkan dalam polybag media perkecambahan. Biji-biji yang berhasilberkecambah dengan morfologi (tinggi dan jumlah daun) seragam laludipindah ke dalam polybag media pertumbuhan. Media perkecambahanadalah pasir, sedangkan media pertumbuhan kecambah menjadi bibit adalahpasir dicampur kompos (1:1). Data persentase perkecambahan diambilpada hari ke-10 setelah biji ditanam, sedangkan data pertumbuhankecambah menjadi bibit dengan parameter pertumbuhan jumlah daun,tinggi bibit, berat basah dan berat kering bibit diukur pada pekan ke-8setelah pindah tanam. Hasil perkecambahan biji menunjukkan penurunanpersentase perkecambahan dengan penurunan terbesar terjadi pada P7(8,33%). Selain itu, perkecambahan P1 yang hanya 20,83% diduga terjadiakibat kondisi viabilitas biji yang digunakan. Kecambah-kecambah yangmemiliki kondisi seragam (tinggi 12--15 cm dengan minimal dua daun)yang ditumbuhkan menjadi bibit hanya terdapat pada P1--P5 dengan masingmasingperlakuan digunakan lima kecambah. Hasil pertumbuhan kecambahJ. curcas menjadi bibit menunjukkan rerata jumlah daun terbesar terdapatpada P3, P4, dan P5 (5,8 helai), sedangkan rerata jumlah daun terkecil padaP2 (4,4 helai). Kemudian rerata tinggi bibit terbesar terdapat pada P1 (26,80cm), sedangkan rerata tinggi bibit terkecil pada P4 (24,15 cm). Rerata beratbasah dan berat kering terbesar terdapat pada P1 (22,10 g dan 4,46 g),sedangkan rerata berat basah dan berat kering terkecil pada P4 (19,58 gdan 3,34 g). Akan tetapi, berdasarkan analisis statistik (ANAVA α = 0,05)pada empat parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur tersebut, menunjukkanbahwa perlakuan salinitas yang diberikan (P1--P5) tidak berpengaruhterhadap hasil pertumbuhan kecambah J. curcas menjadi bibit."

"Kelemahan biodiesel dari bahan non pangan adalah stabilitas oksidasi yang rendah dan sifat aliran pada temperatur rendah yang tinggi. Keduanya berdampak buruk bagi operasional motor diesel. Stabilitas oksidasi yang rendah menimbulkan korosi pada tangki, nozzle dan sistem saluran bahan bakar, selain itu pembakaran pada ruang bakar dapat menghasilkan deposit yang menumpuk pada ruang bakar. Sifat aliran pada temperatur rendah yang tinggi dari biodiesel akan sangat membatasi aplikasi dari motor diesel, karena biodiesel akan menggumpal jika temperatur lingkungan lebih rendah dari CFPP. Fokus penelitian ini adalah merancang ulang biodiesel non pangan, khususnya dari tanaman Jatropha Curcas L. melalui modifikasi komposisi FAME. Dalam memodifikasi FAME diperlukan kontrol pada perbandingan antara kandungan FAME poly-unsaturated, unsaturated dan saturated, dengan kata lain diperlukan teknik optimasi agar stabilitas oksidasi meningkat dan CFPP tetap terkontrol, sesuai spesifikasi standar WWFC 2009 yaitu min. 10 untuk stabilitas oksidasi dan maksimum 5oC untuk CFPP. Untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut metode yang digunakan adalah proses hidrogenasi secara parsial. Hasil analisa terhadap komposisi FAME setelah hidrogenasi adalah sebagai berikut: kandungan FAME poly-unsaturated: 11,67-15,91% (wt/wt), methyl palmitat: 15,58-18,49% (wt/wt) dan FAME un-saturated: 73,09-74,56% (wt/wt). Nilai prediksi terhadap stabilitas oksidasi setelah hidrogenasi berkisar 8,88 s/d 12,50 jam sedangkan nilai CFPP berkisar 1,08-1,88oC. Bilangan setana biodiesel Jatropha setelah hidrogenasi juga meningkat (58,97-59,70) dibandingakan sebelum hidrogenasi (55,65). Hasil analisa LCA menunjukkan bahwa untuk mencapai stabilitas oksidasi min. 10 jam penambahan antioxidant memerlukan energi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan teknik hidrogenasi. Kombinasi antara teknik hidrogenasi dan penambahan antioxidant merupakan metode terbaik karena metode ini selain biaya-nya rendah, stabilitas oksidasi dan bilangan setana akan meningkat sementara itu CFPP berubah tidak terlalu banyak. Karakterisasi pembakaran pada motor diesel dari campuran biodiesel kedalam Solar 30% (vol/vol) atau B30 menunjukkan bahwa B30 Jatropha setelah hidrogenasi menunjukkan perbaikan dalam efisiensi pembakaran. Emisi NOX dan smoke dari B30 setelah hidrogenasi lebih rendah atau hampir sama dengan emisi yang dihasilkan oleh bahan bakar Solar.

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The disadvantage of biodiesel especially made from non edible oil is the low oxidation stability and poor cold flow properties. Both are detrimental for diesel engine operation, low oxidation stability can cause corrosion on the fuel tank and fuel line system. In addition the combustion of a such low quality biodiesel will produce polymer compound that will accumulate as deposit on the combustion chamber. The cold flow properties of the biodiesel which is relatively too high, will limit the application of a diesel engine. Biodiesel will agglomerate and clog in fuel filter when the ambient temperatures drop below the CFPP. This research will focus on re-formulation of non-edible biodiesel especially Jatropha through modification of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) composition. In modifying the FAME composistion, the control of the content of poly-unsaturated and the saturated FAME is the key factor. In other words, optimization of FAME composistion is required in order to increase the oxidation stability and to keep the value of CFPP constant or changed only slightly. The target of this study is to reach the oxidation stability of min. 10 hours and the CFPP value of max. 5oC. The method used in this study to achieve the target is partial hydrogenation of Jatropha biodiesel. Based on analysis results on the partially hydrogenated Jatropha biodiesel, the compositions of FAME that meets requirement are the following: content of poly-unsaturated: 11.67-15.91% (wt/wt) methyl palmitat 15.58-18.49% (wt/wt) dan unsaturated: 73.09-74.56% (wt/wt). The prediction values for the the oxidation stability and the CFPP based on the FAME composition are the following, the oxidation stability varies between 8.88-12.50 and the CPPP values ranged 1.08-1.88oC. The cetane number of Jatropha biodiesel after hydrogenation increases from 55.65 to 58.97-59.70. The results of LCA analysis shows that to achieve the oxidation stability of min. 10 hours, the addition of antioxidants require a lower energy than that of the hydrogenation technique. The combination of hydrogenation technique and addition of antioxidants is probably the best method. Beside low cost, the oxidation stability and cetane number of biodiesel will increase without changing the CFPP value too much. The characterization of combustion in diesel engine of the partially hydrogenated Jatropha biodiesel showed improvements in combustion efficiency. The NOX and smoke emission of the partially hydrogenated biodiesel are lower or almost equal to the emissions produced by the combustion of Indonesian diesel fuel (Solar)."

"Study effect of various media on growth of castor (Jatropha curcas L) propagated by seeds was carried out at Germplasm Garden, Rc for Biotechnology LIPI Cibinong. The study was arranged in Randdomized Blokck Design with there replications. Various media used in this study were organic media, compost, soil and sand (control). Besides, the seeds were soaked in hot water for 10,20 and 30 minutes to overcome seeds dormancy. Parameters observed were growth percentage, plant height, number of leaves, leaf lenght, number of roots,and roots length. The results showed that the highest parameters observed were shown by the control (Without hot water treatment). Among the four types of media, latosal soil was was the lowest in all growth parameters observed. From this study it can be recomended that the dormancy overcoming was not needed in fertile media, while in unfertile media (like latosal soil) dormancy overcoming treatment with hot wafer 30 minutes was needed."

"Minyak bumi sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor merupakan sumber energi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui dan berbahaya bagi lingkungan sehingga perlu dikembangkan sumber energi lain yang dapat diperbarui dan dapat dikembangkan di Indonesia. Salah satu sumber energi tersebut adalah minyak dari jarak pagar. Minyak jarak ini memiliki kandungan trigliserida yang besar sehingga dapat direngkah menjadi hidrokarbon setara solar komersial. Perengkahan ini akan mencapai hasil yang baik jika menggunakan katalis dalam prosesnya. Katalis yang digunakan adalah katalis asam yang digunakan untuk reaksi perengkahan (cracking). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan reaksi pirolisis minyak jarak pagar dengan menggunakan penambahan katalis NiO/α-Al2O3 dan NiMo/γ-Al2O3 serta dilakukan pemanasan dengan suhu 200-475oC . Hasil yang diharapkan adalah minyak bio hasil reaksi pirolisis memiliki kualitas yang sama atau mendekati solar komersial.

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Petroleum, which used as vehicle combustion fuel, is an unrenewable energi resource and has bad effects to the environtment, so we need to find a new renewable energi resource and can be developed in ndonesia. One of many renewable energi resources is the Jatropha curcas L. oil. This oil contains of many triglycerides which can be cracked into hydrocarbons like commercial diesel fuel. This process will have a good result with the help of catalysts. The catalysts used for this experiment is an acid catalyst for cracking processes. This experiment used pirolysis process adding with NiO/α-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3 and operated in 475 oC. The expected product is bio oil which has the same value and characteristics as the commercial diesel fuel. "

"ABSTRACTActin is a major component of the plant cytoskeleton, so all cells contain this protein. Actin is expressed constitutively and is involved in basic housekeeping functions required for cell maintenance. Because of this, it has been frequently used as an internal control to normalize changes in gene expressions analysis. Actually, the information of nucleotidesequence of actin gene of Jatropha curcas L. population IP-2P from Indonesia is not available yet. The objective of this research was to isolate, clone and characterize cDNA of actin genes of J. curcas IP-2P. Three partial actin gene sequences had been successfully isolated by PCR using total cDNA as template, and actin primer designed from conserved region ofArabidopsis thaliana. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the length of JcACT fragment is 610, 534, and 701 bp encoding 203, 177, and 234 amino acids respectively. Local alignment analysis based on mRNA sequences shows that JcACT fragment shares 98% similarity with actin mRNA of Hevea brasiliensis and 99% with actin mRNA of Ricinus communis. Based on deduced amino acid sequence, JcACT is 100% identical to acting from Prunus salicina, Gossypium hirsutum, and Betula luminifera. Even though these clones of cDNA are not completed yet, they can be used as reference in J. curcas L. gene expression analysis."

"ABSTRAKPermintaan daya listrik di Indonesia belum sepenuhnya terbagi dengan rata dari sabang sampai meruke. Banyak daerah terpencil yang jauh dari pemerintahan pusat yang sama sekali tidak memiliki akses daya listrik. Beberapa solusi telah dipilih untuk menyediakan dan memenuhi kebutuhan daya listrik dengan menggunakan pembangkit listrik sumber terbaharui pada sampel daerah terpencil di desa daerah Lembang, Bandung barat. Beberapa solusi telah dirancang dengan menggunakan kombinasi tenaga surya, baterai, dan generator diesel yang di tenagai oleh minyak yang diproses dari tumbuhan Jatropha Curcas. Kombinasi-kombinasi dari sumber energi terbaharui tersebut akan dinilai dari biayanya dan yang termurah akan dipilih untuk dibangun. Energi terbaharui dipilih karena tren sedang berubah dan menuju padanya untuk sumber yang lebih baik tanpa emisi.

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ABSTRACTThe demand of electricity in Indonesia has not been realized thoroughly throughoutthe nation. Many of the remote areas that are far from the central government havezero electricity. Several solutions have been chosen to empower and fulfill suchdemand in those area by using an off-grid power plant model using renewableresources in a sample remote area in a village in Lembang, West of Bandung. Severalsolutions has been designed using the combination of solar cell, battery and dieselgenerator that will be fueled by petroleum that is made from Jartopha Curcas plant.The combinations will then be assessed by looking at the cost and the cheapest ofall solutions will be chosen for the village. Renewable energy is chosen because thetrend is shifting towards it for a better source of energy without emission;"

"ABSTRAKProduction biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oil is gaining attention and interst recently. In this tudy, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum were applied as non food feedstock for biodiesel production. Firally, the result of the investigation indicated that the optimization of jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum have fuel properties quite comparable to diesel and thus may be explored for application in compression ignition engines."

"Hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil over NiMo/ZAL (nickel molybdenum/zeolit alam Lampung) catalyst was investigated under temperatures of 375°C and 400°C and H2 pressure of 15 bar in a semibatch stirred autoclave reactor. NiMo/ZAL catalyst was prepared using a rapid cooling method. NiMo/ZAL characterization revealed a crystal size of 70.07 nm, surface area of 12.25 m2/g, and pore size and pore volume of 9.83 Å and 0.0062 cm3/g, respectively. The hydrodeoxygenation removal pathway of palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil over NiMo/ZAL catalyst was primarily achieved through decarboxylation. Under hydrogen pressure of 15 bar and temperature of 375°C, palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil can be converted into paraffin chains (from n-C15 up to n-C18) by a decarboxylation reaction that produces water, methane, and COx gases as byproducts and contains some undesirable reactions. These byproducts can produce alkene bonds that form chains different from those in conventional diesel fuel. The conversion was 80.87%, selectivity was 52.78%, and yield was 45.66%. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction catalyzed by NiMo/ZAL catalyst was found to be suitable for removing oxygen and producing paraffin chains; this increased the heating value and stability of renewable diesel fuel."

"One of the cultivation failure reasons of Jatropha curcas Linn (JcL) in Indonesia was that it was only recommended for Crude Jatropha Oil (CJO) production which is processed into biodiesel. CJO is only 17-25% of dry seed weight, while the waste residue is called seed cake. Another waste product is dried capsule husk (DH-JcL) which is about 30-80% of the fresh fruit weight and sludge CJO (S-CJO) or about 2-5% of the CJO. S-CJO was unutilized which is bad for the ecology when it is disposed. The research objective was the utilization of the S-CJO waste for bio-refinery and improvement productivity of biogas made from DH-JcL.The study was conducted at the research garden of PT Bumimas Ekapersada, Bekasi, West Java in November-December 2012. A liter one-stage digester was compiled completely as a randomized design (CRD) with three replications in a water bath at a temperature of 32o C. The materials used were DH-JcL of JatroMas cultivars in the toxic category which were mixed with the sludge S-CJO as a co-substrate about with 10% water at a ratio of 1:8. Observation variables were biogas production volume (water displacement method), pH and temperature in the outlet slurry. The preliminary study concludes that S-CJO is appropriate as the co-substrate DH-JcL. It can increase the biogas productivity with feed in less than 10% of S-CJO allocation per day"