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"ABSTRACTIonic liquids are considered as an ideal alternative to volatile organic solvents and chemical industries in the future, because they are non-volatile. Ionic liquids are also considered as new novel chemical agents and widely regarded as a greener alternative to many commonly used solvents. Ionic liquids have been studied for a wide range of synthetic applications and have attracted considerable interest for use as electrolytes in the areas of organic synthesis, catalysis, solar cell, fuel cells, electrodeposition and supercapacitors. However, some ionic liquids suffer from more or less somedrawbacks such as toxicity, preparation and high cost in the process for use. Most recently, three types of ionic liquids are attracted much attentions specifically traditional ionic liquid, protic ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent, where their preparation, mechanism and limitation were differentiated. However, those liquids are having their own advantages and limitations based on applications. Traditional ionic liquid and protic ionic liquid are highly cost and toxic for applied engineering research, but they consist of micro-biphasic systems composed of ionic compounds whichhave more varieties in the applications. The deep eutectic solvent is very economic for large-scale possessing but there are only limited ionic mixtures to certain application such as electrochemistry."

"Reaksi penggantian nukleofilik merupakan salah satu reaksi yang memerlukan katalis untuk mempercepat reaksi, biasanya digunakan katalis transfer fasa. Katalis transfer fasa yang digunakan seperti eter mahkota tidak ramah lingkungan sehingga diganti dengan cairan ionik. Cairan ionik bisa digunakan sebagai pelarut sekaligus katalis pada reaksi katalitik. Cairan ionik memiliki banyak keuntungan sebagai katalis, misalnya mudah diregenerasi. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan cairan ionik [BMIM]PF6 yang diimobilisasi ke dalam silika gel sebagai katalis. Katalis cairan ionik ini merupakan katalis heterogen yang mudah dipisahkan dari reaktan. Karakterisasi silika gel dan [BMIM]PF6-silika gel dilakukan menggunakan FTIR. Spektrum FTIR pada [BMIM]PF6-silika gel menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan pada 846.75 cm-1 yang merupakan puncak serapan PF6-.Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan uji katalisis [BMIM]PF6–silika gel pada reaksi penggantian nukleofilik SN-2 antara benzil klorida dan kalium sianida. Pada reaksi SN-2 ini, dipilih aseton sebagai pelarut polar aprotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan waktu dan berat katalis optimum pada suhu 30oC. Karakterisasi hasil reaksi dilakukan menggunakan GC dan GC-MS. Dari hasil GC, diketahui bahwa kondisi optimum reaksi tercapai pada waktu 15 jam dengan % berat katalis/substrat sebesar 7%. Untuk perbandingan, katalis cairan ionik [BMIM]PF6 digunakan pada reaksi penggantian nukleofilik SN-2 antara benzil klorida dengan kalium sianida dan diperoleh bahwa katalis [BMIM]PF6 yang diimmobilisasi dalam silika gel lebih efektif.

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Nucleophilic substitution is the one reaction that requires a catalyst to accelerate the reaction, usually phase transfer catalyst was used. Phase transfer catalyst such as crown ethers are not environmental friendly so are replaced by ionic liquids. Ionic liquids can be used as a solvent as well as catalyst in the catalytic reaction. Ionic liquids have many advantages as catalyst, such as easily regenerated. In this study, ionic liquids [BMIM] PF6 was immobilized into silica gel and was used as catalyst. This ionic liquid catalyst [BMIM]PF6-silica gel is a heterogeneous catalyst that easily separated from the reactants. Characterization of silica gel and [BMIM] PF6-silica gel were performed using FTIR. The FTIR spectrum of [BMIM] PF6-silica gel showed peak absorptions at 846.75 cm-1 which is the peak absorption of PF6-.

In this research, catalyst [BMIM] PF6-silika gel was used for the nucleophilic substitution SN-2 between benzyl chloride and potassium cyanide. In this SN-2 reaction, acetone was chosen as aprotic polar solvents. This research was conducted to determine the optimum condition for reaction time and the weight of catalyst at the temperature of 30oC. The reaction products were characterized using GC and GC-MS which showed that the optimum reaction was achieved in 15 hours and weight ratio of catalyst/substrate 7 %. For comparison, ionic liquids catalyst [BMIM] PF6 was used for the nucleophilic substitution SN-2 between benzyl chloride and potassium cyanide and it was found that the immobilized ionic liquid catalyst [BMIM] PF6-silica gel was more effective."

"Reaksi alkilasi merupakan salah satu reaksi yang memerlukan katalis untuk mempercepat reaksi, biasanya digunakan katalis transfer fasa. Katalis transfer fasa yang digunakan seperti eter mahkota tidak ramah lingkungan sehingga diganti dengan cairan ionik. Cairan ionik bisa digunakan sebagai pelarut sekaligus katalis pada reaksi katalitik. Cairan ionik memiliki banyak keuntungan sebagai katalis, misalnya mudah diregenerasi. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan cairan ionik [BMIM]Cl yang diimobilisasi ke dalam silika gel sebagai katalis. Katalis cairan ionik ini merupakan katalis heterogen yang mudah dipisahkan dari reaktan. Karakterisasi silika gel dan [BMIM]Cl-silika gel dilakukan menggunakan FTIR. Spektrum FTIR pada [BMIM]Cl-silika gel menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan pada 802.39 cm-1 yang merupakan puncak serapan Cl-. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan uji katalisis [BMIM]Cl?silika gel pada reaksi alkilasi antara benzena dan diklorometana. Pada reaksi alkilasi ini, dipilih aseton sebagai pelarut polar aprotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan waktu dan berat katalis optimum pada suhu 30°C. Hasil dikarakterisasi dengan GC-MS dan GC, diketahui produk yang terbentuk benzil klorida, didapatkan 28.93% sebagai %konversi dan 34.39% sebagai %yield terbesar pada penggunaan katalis [BMIM]Cl-silika gel.

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Alkylation is the one of chemical reaction that requires a catalyst to accelerate the reaction, usually phase transfer catalyst was used. Phase transfer catalyst such as crown ethers are not environmental friendly so are replaced by ionic liquids. Ionic liquids can be used as a solvent as well as catalyst in the catalytic reaction. Ionic liquids have many advantages as catalyst, such as easily regenerated.

In this study, ionic liquids [BMIM]Cl was immobilized into silica gel and was used as catalyst. This ionic liquid catalyst [BMIM]Cl-silica gel is a heterogeneous catalyst that easily separated from the reactants. Characterization of silica gel and [BMIM]Cl-silica gel were performed using FTIR. The FTIR spectrum of [BMIM]Cl-silica gel showed peak absorptions at 802.39 cm-1 which is the peak absorption of Cl-.

In this research, catalyst [BMIM]Cl-silika gel was used for the reaction of alkylation between benzene and dichlorometane. In this reaction, acetone was chosen as aprotic polar solvents. This research was conducted to determine the optimum condition for reaction time and the weight of catalyst at the temperature of 30°C. The reaction products were characterized using GC and GC-MS showed product from reaction is benzil chloride, 28.93% as %convertion and 34.39% as %yield using catalyst [BMIM]Cl-silica gel."