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"Sayuran mentah dapat meningkatkan peluang transmisi parasit usus ke manusia. Sebagian besar masyarakat menganggap bahwa higienitas makanan mentah termasuk sayuran yang dijual di pasar swalayan lebih baik daripada pasar tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan jumlah parasit usus pada sayuran kemangi dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta. Sebanyak 20 sampel kemangi dari pasar tradisional dan 20 sampel kemangi dari pasar swalayan direndam dengan larutan garam jenuh dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji sedimentasi untuk mendapatkan jumlah parasit usus/ml.Didapatkan 100% sampel kemangi terkontaminasi parasit usus. Jumlah parasit usus pada sampel dari pasar tradisional adalah 1630/ml sedangkan dari pasar swalayan sebesar 1400/ml (p>0,05). Pada kedua kelompok sampel, diketahui bahwa kontaminasi terbesar berasal dari protozoa dengan spesies yang paling banyak ditemui adalah Giardia lamblia. Perendaman dengan larutan garam jenuh berpengaruh terhadap hasil penelitian (p<0,05).Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa sayuran berpeluang meningkatkan transmisi parasit usus ke tubuh manusia. Diharapkan masyarakat selalu menerapkan kebiasaan mencuci sayuran secara adekuat sebelum dikonsumsi dari manapun sayuran didapatkan terutama pada sayuran yang langsung dikonsumsi tanpa dimasak.

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Raw vegetables can increase probability of intestinal parasite transmission to human body. People believe that hygienity of raw foods sold in supermarkets, including vegetables, are better than traditional markets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was difference in the number of intestinal parasite found in basil collected from traditional markets and supermarkets in Jakarta. There were 20 samples collected from traditional markets and 20 samples obtained from supermarkets. The samples were soaked in saturated salt solution (sodium chloride) for 24 hours. Then, the water immersion of basil was treated with sedimentation test to get the number of intestinal parasite.A hundred percent out of 40 samples was contaminated with intestinal parasite. The number of intestinal parasite found in basil collected from traditional market was 1630/ml and from supermarket was 1400/ml (p>0,05). The highest number of contamination was come from intestinal protozoa, Giardia lamblia. Sample submersion method with saturated salt solution influenced this study (p<0,05).This finding indicates that basil is able to be a transmission media of intestinal parasite to human body. We suggest the consumer to properly wash vegetables obtained from two groups of markets before being consumed, especially vegetables consumed without cooking."

"Pendahuluan. Cedera iskemia reperfusi CI/R merupakan fenomena kerusakan selular akibat hipoksia yang terjadi lebih hebat saat restorasi oksigen. Strangulasi usus merupakan kasus bedah tersering yang dapat menimbulkan CI/R pada hati sebagai organ yang langsung mendapatkan aliran darah dari usus. Tindakan destrangulasi dalam mengembalikan perfusi oksigen dan menilai viabilitas usus yang dilakukan intraoperatif dapat menimbulkan CI/R terutama pada kasus dimana kemungkinan besar usus akan dilakukan reseksi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh destrangulasi usus pada kasus strangulasi usus terhadap hati. Metode. Studi eksperimental pada tikus Sprague ndash;Dawley dengan membandingkan kadar Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase SGOT , Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase SGPT , malondialdehyde MDA serum dan hati serta histopatologi derajat kerusakan hati pada kelompok perlakuan reseksi usus dengan destrangulasi D dan tanpa destrangulasi TD setelah dilakukan strangulasi usus selama 4 jam. Hasil. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar SGOT p=0.234 , SGPT p=0.458 , MDA serum p=0.646 dan MDA hati p=0.237 antara kontrol, kelompok D dan TD. Pada histopatologi derajat kerusakan hati terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol dengan kedua kelompok perlakuan p=0.006 , namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok D dan TD p=0.902. Kesimpulan. Tindakan destrangulasi sebelum reseksi pada kasus strangulasi usus tidak menimbulkan perbedaan kadar biomarker stress oksidatif dan derajat kerusakan hati dibandingkan dengan tanpa destrangulasi.

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Introduction. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury IRI is cellular injury due to hypoxia with greater impact when oxygen restored. Intestinal strangulation are often in surgical emergency that cause IRI on liver that directly get blood from intestine. Destrangulation that performed intraoperatively as purposes to restored oxygen and to evaluate viability of intestine tissue, can cause IRI particularly on case with partly of intestine will be resected. This study is to investigate intestinal destrangulation effects on liver following intestinal IRI. Method. This is an experimental study using Sprague-Dawley to compare Aspartate Aminotransferase AST, Alanine Aminotransferase ALT, serum and liver malondialdehyde MDA, and histopathology of degree liver injury between group of resection following destrangulation D and without destrangulation WD after 4 hours strangulation of one loop intestine. Results. There were no significant difference on AST p=0.234, ALT p=0.458, serum MDA p=0.646 and liver MDA p=0.237 between control, D and WD group. Histopathology examination showed significant difference between control and both of treatment group p=0.006, but there was no significant difference between D and WD group p=0.902. Conclusion. Destrangulation before resection on the intestinal strangulation cases doesn rsquo;t cause different of oxidative stress biomarker level and degree of liver injury, compare to intestinal resection without destrangulation."

"ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap telur jenis-jenis cacing parasit usus pada sapi dan kerbau yang terdapat di R.P.H Cakung, Jakarta Timur. Pada sapi yang berasal dari Jawa Timur terbanyak diinfeksi oleh cacing Trichuris spp., Trichostrongylus spp., dan Bunostomum spp. Pada sapi asal Bali banyak diinfeksi oleh Toxocara spp., dan Bunostomum spp. Pada sapi asal Nusa Tenggara Timur banyak diinfeksi Moniezia spp., Toxocara spp. Dan Oesphagostomum spp. Pada kerbau asal Jawa Timur banyak diinfeksi oleh Fasciola spp. Dan Mecistocirrus spp. Pada kerbau asal Sulawesi Selatan banyak diinfeksi oleh Fasciola spp. Dan Mecistocirrus spp. Dari berbagai jenis cacing parasite usus pada sapid an kerbau yang didapatkan, terdapat jenis yang juga dapat menginfeksi manusia, yaitu Fasciola spp., Toxocara spp., Oesphagostomum spp., Trischostrongylus spp., dan Trichuris spp."

"Intestinal tuberculosis, without any evidence of pulmonary or tubercuious infection elsewhere in the body, is still a rare case. Sometimes it is very difficult to make an early and prompt diagnosis for this, because clinical manifestations are varied, unspecific, and mimic other diseases. Examinations, including chest x-ray, tubercuiln test, acid-fast stained smear; endoscopic and histoogical findings may still be inconclusive. Thus, therapeutic trials of anti-tuberculous drugs are advised. We report a case of intestinal tuberculosis with a chief clinical manifestation of chronic diarrhea. There was no evidence of tuberculous infection eisewhere in the body Endoscopic appearance and histological findings were atypical and unspecific. The patient was given anti-tubercuious drugs and responded very welt clinically within 2 weeks."

"Latar belakang: Mikrosporidiosis adalah penyakit infeksi protozoa pada saluran gastrointestinal yang disebabkan oleh Microsporidia. Populasi anak merupakan salah satu kelompok populasi berisiko mengalami mikrosporidiosis karena imunitas yang belum matang. Kerusakan mukosa intestinal terkait mikrosporidiosis tersebut dapat menyebabkan diare kronik, malabsorpsi hingga berat badan menurun terutama pada anak. Namun, mikrosporidiosis kurang terdiagnosis karena gejala klinis tidak spesifik dan pemeriksaan spesifik Microsporidia tidak umum dilakukan. Di Indonesia, infeksi Microsporidia pada anak dengan diare belum pernah diinvestigasi. Untuk mengetahui kerusakan mukosa intestinal akibat mikroposiridosis, pemeriksaan calprotectin feses dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi mikrosporidiosis intestinal pada anak dengan diare dan hubungannya dengan calprotectin feses positif.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 112 sampel feses dikoleksi dari Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI yang berasal dari pasien anak di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) berusia 0 sampai 18 tahun dengan diagnosis diare. Setiap sampel dipulas dengan pewarnaan trichrome untuk mendeteksi Microsporidia dan dilakukan pemeriksaan calprotectin feses kualitatif. Untuk mendeteksi parasit usus lain, dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopik langsung, konsentrasi, kultur Blastocystis, pulasan modifikasi tahan asam, dan pemeriksaan coproantigen Giardia dan Cryptosporidium. Data sekunder terkait diagnosis klinis, status gizi dan demografi, didapatkan dari rekam medis. Analisis statistik dilakukan antara subjek dengan infeksi tunggal Microsporidia dan hasil calprotectin feses.Hasil: Prevalensi mikrosporidiosis intestinal pada anak dengan diare yaitu 42,9%, dimana 50% merupakan infeksi Microsporidia tunggal. Infeksi tunggal Microsporidia terbanyak pada usia bayi 8/24 (33,3%), jenis diare akut 17/24 (70,8%) dan penyakit dasar atresia bilier 7/24 (29,1%). Infeksi pada anak laki – laki 15/24 (62,5%), status gizi baik & kurang sama yaitu sebanyak 8/24 (33,3%). Proporsi calprotectin feses positif pada anak dengan diare dan positif Microsporidia yaitu 14/24 (58,3%). Secara statistik, ditemukannya Microsporidia intestinal tidak berhubungan dengan calprotectin feses.Kesimpulan: Prevalensi infeksi Microsporidia pada anak dengan diare di RSCM tinggi, umumnya pada diare akut dan tidak didapatkan hubungan antara mikrosporidiosis intestinal dengan calprotectin feses.

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Background: Microsporidiosis is protozoan infection in gastrointestinal tract caused by Microsporidia. Children have been identified as a population group at risk of developing microsporidiosis due to their immature immune system. Damage to the intestinal mucosa related to microsporidiosis causes chronic diarrhea, malabsorption and weight loss, especially in children. However, microsporidiosis was underdiagnosed because of the clinical symptoms were not specific and Microsporidia examination was not commonly performed. In Indonesia, Microsporidia infection in children with diarrhea has not been investigated. To determine the intestinal mucosa damage due to microposiridosis, a fecal calprotectin test can be performed. This study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in children with diarrhea and its association with positive fecal calprotectin.

Methods: The cross-sectional study design was performed in this research. Stool samples as much as 112 were obtained from the FKUI Parasitology Laboratory from pediatric patients at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) aged 0 to 18 years with a clinical data of diarrhea. Each stool sample was stained with trichrome for Microsporidia detection and a qualitative fecal calprotectin test was performed. To detect other intestinal parasites, direct microscopic examination, concentration, Blastocystis culture, acid-fast modified smear, and Giardia - Cryptosporidium coproantigen examination were also performed. Secondary data related to clinical diagnosis, nutritional status and demographics were obtained from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed between subjects with a single Microsporidia infection and fecal calprotectin results.

Results: The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in children with diarrhea was 42.9% and 50% of them were single Microsporidia infections. Population characteristics of intestinal microsporidiosis in children with diarrhea, are mostly found in infants 8/24 (33.3%), acute diarrhea 17/24 (70.8%) and underlying disease of biliary atresia 7/24 (29.1%). Infections in boys were 15/24 (62.5%), good & poor nutritional status in equal number 8/24 (33.3%). The proportion of positive fecal calprotectin in children with diarrhea and Microsporidia positive is 14/24 (58.3%). Statistically, the presence of intestinal Microsporidia is not associated with fecal calprotectin.

Conclusion: The prevalence of Microsporidia infection in children with diarrhea at RSCM is high, generally in acute diarrhea and there is no association between intestinal microsporidiosis and fecal calprotectin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian obat cacing terhadap perubahan status gizi pada anak sekolah dasar. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi status gizi awal dan akhir, status kecacingan awal dan akhir, variabel lain yang diteliti (konfounding) adalah pendapatan orang tua anak, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pola makan anak, tingkat kebersihan anak dan jenis kelamin.Jenis penelitian adalah pre experimental one group pre post test (perlakuan ulang), memberikan perlakuan berupa pemberian obat cacing kepada anak SD. Pengambilan sampel sekolah dilakukan dengan cara purposive, yaitu diambil SD III Pasir Kaliki kecamatan Cimahi Utara, kabuapten Bandung. Sedangkan sampel penelitian diambil dari semua murid kelas II sampai dengan kelas VI. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan anak, pengamatan keadaan kuku, pengambilan dan pemeriksaan feces anak pada laboratorium, serta catatan yang ada.Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square test, untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel konfounding dengan status gizi dan status kecacingan anak. Uji Mc Nemar dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan data status gizi clan status kecacingan anak sebelum dan sesudah mendapat intervensi. Disamping itu uji Mc Nemar dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan data status gizi sebelum dan sesudah mendapat intervensi pada setiap variabel konfounding (analisa stratifikasi).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dan status kecacingan dengan tingkat pendapatan orang tua anak Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah tingkat pendapatan orang tua, semakin rendah status gizi anak dan semakin mungkin anak untuk menderita kecacingan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna status gizi anak sebelum dan sesudah mendapat obat cacing, tetapi terdapat kecenderungan bahwa status gizi anak setelah mendapat obat cacing lebih baik dari pada status gizi anak sebelum mendapat obat cacing. Dan setelah dikontrol dengan keadaan status gizi anak pada awal penelitian, temyata pemberian obat cacing kepada anak yang menderita gizi kurang dan buruk, menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian obat cacing kepada anak yang berstatus gizi kurang dan buruk, akan memberikan pengaruh pada perbaikan status gizi yang lebih nyata.Untuk memperbaiki status gizi terutama pada anak SD, pemberian obat cacing akan memberikan hasil yang nyata jika diberikan kepada anak yang menderita gizi kurang dan buruk. Oleh karena itu program pemberantasan kecacingan pada anak SD yang sudah dilakukan, walupun tidak rutin harus lebih ditingkatkan lagi, dan pemberian obat cacing terutama diprioritaskan kepada anak yang menderita gizi kurang dan gizi buruk.

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The objectives of the study are to find out the effect of deworming on nutritional status of schoolchildren. Nutritional status and intestinal worm infection is the height problem in schoolchildren in Indonesia. From the last study find that have the relationship between nutritional status and intestinal worm infection, so that problem must be attention seriously. Nutritional status after intervention was dependent variable while the confounding variables were nutritional status before intervention, intestinal worm infection, in come parents per 'month, degree of mother's study, habits eating, hygiene personal and sex.Study design was a pre experimental one group pre post test, which treatment Albendazole on schoolchildren as intervention. School sampling was conducted purposively that SD III Pasir Kaliki north Cimahi Bandung. Where are sample size all of student levels II to VI. Data collecting was conducted by interview, weight and height measurement, stool examination and available record.Statistical analysis was done by Chi Square test, to asses relationships between confounding variables with nutritional status and intestinal worm infection. Mc Nemar test was done to asses different nutritional status and intestinal worm infection before and after intervention on every confounding variables as stratification analysis.The result of the study was there is a relationship between nutritional status and intestinal worm infection with income parents per month. This find show that the lower income parents per month, is lower nutritional status and more high intestinal worm infections. There no significant difference between nutritional status before and after intervention, but the nutritional status after intervention was more high that before. However, after controlling for confounding factors, there was significant difference between before and after intervention on malnutrition mild and high intervention.For improvement nutritional status on schoolchildren, intervention for deworning on malnutrition mild and hight can be more effectiveness. Therefore, program deworming on schoolchildren will be more improve , and intervention must be on mild and hight malnutrition."

"ABSTRACT As most often advocated, treatment of intestinal bleeding caused by typhoid fever is by conservative means. Although it requires meticulous and intensive care, treatment by surgery is rarity Four cases which are treated by surgery was reported and was decided upon after failure of conservative treatment. The fourth cases had resections of the distal ileum extended to a right hemicolectomy. The histopathologic examination of the all cases, revealed alcerative plaques of Peyer's patches in the distal ileum and caeceum, confirming the diagnosis of typhoid fever. "

"A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the problem of nutritional status and intestinal helminthiasis among underfive children in three selected refugee centers in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara and to identify possible relationship between intestinal helminthiasis and nutritional status. A number of 188 children 12-59 months of age were involved in this study. All three refugee centers showed that Ascaris lumbricoides was most common (29.0% in Naibonat, 28.8% in Noelbaki and 23.4% in Tuapukan), followed by hookworm (25.8% in Naibonat, 10.0% in Noelbaki and 3.9% in Tuapukan) and the least common was Trichuris trichiura (6.3% in Noelbaki, 3.2% in Noelbaki and 0% in Tuapukan). Based on the WHO?s criteria the intensity of intestinalhelminthiasis in all three refugee centers were low. Nutritional status was characterized by high of prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in all three refugee centers. The prevalence of underweight was 28.6% in Tuapukan, 25.8% in Naibonat, and 18.8% in Noelbaki. The prevalence of stunting was 29.0% in Naibonat, 20% in Noelbaki and23.4% in Tuapukan. While the prevalence of wasting was 8.8% in Noelbaki, 6.5% in Naibonat and 3.9% in Tuapukan. For anemia, 75% of children in Noelbaki, 71.4% in Tuapukan and 45.2% in Naibonat had haemoglobin level less than 11 g/dl. There was no significant association between the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and nutritional status of children also between the intensity of Ascaris Iumbricoides and nutritional status."

"Lesi tuberkulosis dapat terjadi bersamaan dengan keganasan sehingga menyulitkan diagnosis. Satu kasus karsinoma usus besar yang bersamaan dengan lesi tuberkulosis di tempat yang sama dilaporkan. Pasien telah menyelesaikan terapi anti tuberkulosis dan saat ini sedang menjalani kemoterapi reguler. Sampai saat ini keadaan umum pasien baik. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 128-30)

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Tubercular lesion may coexist with malignancy in various sites resulting in difficulties in diagnosing the conditions. A case of carcinoma caecum associated with tubercular lesion in the same site is reported. The patient have completed the antitubercular therapy and is now on regular anticancer chemotherapy. Till now the patient is doing fine. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 128-30)"

"ABSTRAK Keong Lymnaea rubiginosa telah diketahui sebagai hospes perantara di dalam siklus hidup beberapa cacing Trematoda. Dalam penelitian ini keong diberikan sebagai makanan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain WN, untuk mengetahui species cacing Trematoda pada keong yang dapat hidup di saluran pencernaan tikus. Sebelum diberi makan keong, tinja tikus diperiksa ada tidaknya telur atau larva cacing untuk meyakinkan bahwa tikus bebas dari parasit, dan tikus dilaparkan selama 1 hari. Tiap tikus diberi makan 20 ekor keong, dan tikus dipelihara. Enam hari setelah infeksi, dilakukan kembali pemeriksaan tinja tikus. Tikus yang positif mengandung telur cacing, dibedah, dicari cacingnya, dihitung jumlahnya, dan dicatat tempat ditemukannya. Untuk keperluan identifikasi, spesimen cacing diwarnai dengan pewarnaan HE dan dibuat sediaan. Hasil identifikasi terhadap 111 ekor cacing yang ditemukan pada saluran pencernaan tikus putih, terdiri dari 4 species, yaitu: 68 ekor (61,26 %) cacing Echinostoma ilocanum, 23 ekor (20,72 %) cacing E. malayanum. 8 ekor (7,21%) cacing E. recurvatum, dan 7 ekor (6,31 %) cacing E. revolutum, serta 5 ekor (4,50%) tidak dapat diidentifikasi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keong L. rubiginosa berperan sebagai hospes perantara cacing Echinostoma spp. tersebut."