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Abstrak :
Sebuah mesin berkapasitas kecil didesain untuk digunakan pada kompetisi Eco-marathon. Tantangan utama dalam mendesain mesin adalah bagaimana caranya memperoleh aliran turbulen yang kompleks pada fluida yang bergerak melalui intake/exhaust manifolds, katup, cylinder, dan piston. Bentuk aliran swirl pada ruang bakar sangat diharapkan terjadi karena dibutuhkan aliran dengan intensitas turbulen yang tinggi sesaat sebelum terjadi pembakaran, namun memiliki efisiensi termal yang tinggi. Gerak fluida di dalam silinder ruang bakar dapat dianalisis menggunakan parameter swirl ratio. Analisis dilakukan pada desain aktual cylinder head yang digunakan pada mesin Otto empat langkah satu silinder berkapasitas 65 cc dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak Autodesk Inventor untuk membuat geometri CAD dan Ansys Workbench untuk melakukan pemodelan CFD. Desain alternatif ruang bakar dengan intake manifold berbeda turut disimulasikan untuk dibandingkan dengan hasil simulasi yang dilakukan pada desain aktual. ......A small capacity engine was designed to be a part in Eco-marathon competition. The main challenge in designing the engine is how to obtain the complex turbulent flow of fluids moving through the intake/exhaust manifolds, valves, cylinder, and piston. Form of swirl flow in the combustion chamber is expected to occur because it takes a very turbulent high intensity shortly before combustion, hence high thermal efficiency. Swirl ratio can be used in analysis of fluid motion in the combustion chamber. Analysis was performed on the actual design cylinder head used on four-stroke Otto engine capacity of 65 cc single cylinder with the help of Autodesk Inventor software to create CAD geometry and Ansys Workbench to perform CFD modeling. Alternatif design of cylinder head with different intake manifold also simulated for comparison with the results of simulations carried out on the actual design.

Abstrak :

Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisa dari optimasi unjuk kerja mesin satu silinder 150cc menggunakan bahan bakar bensin oktan 88 dengan variasi bioetanol. Optimasi dilakukan dengan mengubah ignition timing dan durasi injeksi pada injector mesin menggunakan programmable engine control module (ECM). Unjuk kerja mesin yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Daya, Torsi dan Spesific fuel consumption menggunakan dynamometer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode beban 100% atau WOT (Wide Open Throttle) dengan perbedaan putaran shaft dynamometer, yaitu pada putaran shaft dynamometer 1000 RPM, 1500 RPM, 2000 RPM, dan 2500 RPM. Untuk variasi bahan bakar, penulis menggunakan lima variasi, yaitu E0, E10, E20, E30, dan E40. Optimasi dilakukan dengan mengubah ignition timing bertambah dua derajat dari kondisi standar dan mengubah durasi injeksi. Nilai RON (Research Octane Number) akan meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan persentase nilai bioetanol yang dicampurkan. Nilai Torsi dan Daya akan meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan persentase nilai bioetanol. Dengan meningkatnya nilai RON maka perubahan ignition timing ke arah advance dan perubahan Injection Duration mendekati kondisi AFR lean akan meningkatan Torsi hingga 2.36 Nm dan Daya sebesar 0.61 kW.. Dengan meningkatnya Daya dan Torsi maka hasil emisi CO₂ akan meningkat hingga 1.4% serta emisi CO menurun hingga 2.7%.

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This research focus on analysis of performance optimation on 4-stroke 150cc one cylinder internal combustion engine using octane 88 gasoline fuel mixed with several number variations of bioethanol. Optimation done by changing ignition timing and injection duration from engines injector using programmable engine control module (ECM). Engine performance measured in this research are Torque, Power and Spesific Fuel Consumption using dynamometer. The methods of this research is using 100% load or can be mentioned as Wide Open Throttle (WOT) with different shaft speed variations in 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 RPM. Variations of mixed bioethanol varying in E0, E10, E20, E30 and E40 with the number as the percentage of bioethanol mixed. Optimation do with the change of ignition timing plus 2 degree CA and the change of injection duration from the normal condition. Research Octane Number (RON) increased with the higher bioethanol percentage. Torque and Power produced by engine will increased too. With a higher RON value, so the change of ignition timing with advance direction and the change of Injection Duration when approaching lean AFR conditions will increase Torque up to 2.36 Nm and Power up to 0.61 kW. With the increase of Torque and Power, the amount of CO₂ will increase up to 1.4% and CO will decrease up to 2.7%.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari proyek ini adalah untuk memberikan analisis yang sesuai dan pantas mengenai dampak penerapan kendaraan listrik (EV) untuk membuat Indonesia berkelanjutan dalam aspek lingkungan (terutama di Jakarta) dan ekonomi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam melakukan proyeki ini adalah dengan meninjau literatur yang ada jurnal, artikel yang diterbitkan dan pencapaian negara lain. Dengan pertumbuhan yang pesat akan kendaraan pribadi di Jakarta dan jumlah polusi yang dipancarkannya, solusi untuk lingkungan hidup yang berkelanjutan bukanlah dengan meningkatkan kapasitas jalan, tetapi untuk mengubah pilihan masyarakat dari kendaraan konvensional dengan mesin pembakaran dalam menjadi pilihan yang leih ramah lingkungan kendaraan dengan emisi karbon rendah (LCEV) atau kendaraan listrik. Kendaraan listrik dalam proyek ini termasuk Hybrid, Plug in Hybrid, dan sepenuhnya listrik, serta akan lebih focus pada kendaraan pribadi. Perubahan dari ICE ke EV akan memberikan manfaat bagi lingkungan, kesehatan manusia, dan perekonomian Indonesia. Hal ini juga akan secara signifikan mengurangi karbon monoksida (CO), karbon dioksida (CO2), dan bahan partikulat (PM) yang dapat menyebabkan efek kesehatan buruk yang parah. Perubahan pilihan masyarakat ke kendaraan yang lebih ramah lingkungan juga akan menurunkan gas efek rumah kaca yang merupakan penyebab utama pemanasan global. Selain itu, perubahan ini juga akan menciptakan peluang baru bagi investor dan tenaga kerja unntuk perkembangan EV di Indonesia. Perubahan menuju kendaraan yang ramah lingkungan atau kendaraan listrik akan menjadi tantangan; membutuhkan uang, waktu, pengetahuan, dan yang paling penting adalah dukungan dari semua elemen masyarakat

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ABSTRACT
The aim of the project is to provide the suitable and viable analysis on the impact of implementing EV in order to make Indonesia sustainable environmentally especially in Jakarta and economically. The method of research use in conducting this project is by reviewing existing literature journals, published articles and other countrys achievement. With the vast growth of private vehicle in Jakarta and the amount of pollution it emitted, the solution to sustainable living surroundings is not by increasing the capacity of the road, but to shifts the society from the use of conventional vehicle with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) into a greener option Low Carbon Emitted Vehicle (LCEV) or Electric Vehicle (EV). Electric vehicle on this matters is not limited to only fully electric, it could be Hybrid or Plug-in Hybrid and will be more focus on private vehicle. The shifts from ICE to EV will be beneficial for the environment, humans health, and Indonesias economy. It will also significantly reduce Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Particulate Matter (PM) that could cause severe health effects. In addition, it will lower greenhouse gas which is the main cause of global warming. It will also create new opportunity for investors and labours for the development of EV. The shifts will be challenging, it will require money, time, knowledge and most importantly, support from all elements of the society.

Abstrak :
Kendaraan bermotor merupakan alat transportasi terpenting bagi penduduk Indonesia. Masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh kendaraan bermotor antara lain emisi yang lebih tinggi dan juga tidak selalu tersedianya minyak pemanas. Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan No. Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Alam (ESDM). 12 Tahun 2015 tentang Penyediaan, Penggunaan dan Tata Niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain. Solusi yang diterapkan saat ini adalah campuran bahan bakar etanol, graphene oxide dengan bensin. Tujuan penelitian ini akan menguji bahan bakar campuran gasoline-ethanol-grapheneoxide zat aditif terhadap pengaruh unjuk kerja, emisi, dan temperature pada mesin 4 stroke 125 cc SI. Komposisi campuran menggunakan gravimetri dengan masing-masing sampel 1000 dengan campuran E0 1000 gram gasoline, E20 campuran gasoline 800 gram dan ethanol 200 gram, E20GO campuran gasoline 800 ditambah ethanol 200 gram ditambah graphene oxide 25 mg (125 ppm). Melakukan rancang bangun Rig engine, modifikasi cylinder head untuk meletakan termokopel, sistem elektrikal, fuel system. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini Data-Q sebagai data akuisisi, BRT JUKEN 5+ sebagai ECU, termokopel tipe-K, data box AFR Meter untuk bacaan AFR, gas analyzer kane 9206 Quintox, Chassis dynamometer, fuel system dan tanki KMHE 200 ml. Metode pengujian dengan variasi RPM rendah, tengah, tinggi dengan RPM 5000, 6500, 8000 di tahan pada waktu running selama 30 detik dan dengan throttle terbuka penuh (wide open throttle) diantara pengujiannya yaitu: unjuk kerja meliputi torsi, HP, Konsumsi bahan bakar. Emisi meliputi CO2, CO, HC. Temperatur meliputi temperatur exhaust dan temperatur exhaust valve. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian torsi dibandingkan dengan E0 didapat pada bahan bakar E20GO mengalami penurunan 2%, 20%, 23% dan daya didapat penurunan E20 5%, 4%, 26%. Hasil pengujian konsumsi di bandingkan dengan E0 didapatkan E20GO mengalami kenaikan 40%, 18%, 2%. Pengujian emisi dibandingkan dengan E0, didapatkan emisi karbon dioksida CO2 E20 mengalami penurunan 10%, 3%, 12%. Emisi karbon monoksida CO E20G0 mengalami penurunan 36%, 67%, 89%. Emisi Hidrokarbon HC E20GO mengalami penurunan 59%, 24%, 25%. Pengujian temperature exhaust dan valve exhaust dibanding dengan E0 didapatkan E20GO mengalami kenaikan pada RPM 5000 78%, dan 74 %, RPM 6500 dan 8000 mengalami penurunan 25%, 14%, 8%, 13%. ......Motor vehicles are the most important means of transportation for the population of Indonesia. The issues caused by motor vehicles include higher emissions and the inconsistent availability of heating oil. The Indonesian government issued Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 12 of 2015 regarding the Provision, Use, and Trade of Vegetable Fuel as an Alternative Fuel. The current solution applied is a mixture of ethanol, graphene oxide, and gasoline as fuel additives. This research aims to test the performance, emissions, and temperature effects of the gasoline-ethanol-graphene oxide fuel mixture on a 125 cc SI 4-stroke engine. The mixture composition is determined using gravimetry, with each sample consisting of 1000 grams of gasoline for E0, a mixture of 800 grams of gasoline and 200 grams of ethanol for E20, and a mixture of 800 grams of gasoline, 200 grams of ethanol, and 25 mg (125 ppm) of graphene oxide for E20GO. The research includes the construction of an engine rig, modification of the cylinder head for thermocouple placement, electrical system, and fuel system. The measurement tools used in this research are Data-Q for data acquisition, BRT JUKEN 5+ as ECU, type-K thermocouples, AFR Meter data box for AFR reading, Kane 9206 Quintox gas analyzer, chassis dynamometer, fuel system, and KMHE 200 ml tank. The testing method involves variations of low, medium, and high RPM at 5000, 6500, and 8000 RPM, respectively, held for a running time of 30 seconds, with the throttle wide open. Performance testing includes torque, horsepower, and fuel consumption. Emission testing includes CO2, CO, and HC. Temperature testing includes exhaust temperature and exhaust valve temperature. Based on the test results, compared to E0, the torque of E20GO fuel showed a decrease of 2%, 20%, 23%, while the power showed a decrease of 5%, 4%, 26% for E20. The fuel consumption testing showed an increase of 40%, 18%, 2% for E20GO compared to E0. In terms of emissions, compared to E0, E20 exhibited a decrease of 10%, 3%, 12% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while E20GO showed a decrease of 36%, 67%, 89% in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and a decrease of 59%, 24%, 25% in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. In the exhaust and valve temperature testing, compared to E0, E20GO showed an increase of 78% and 74% at 5000 RPM, and a decrease of 25%, 14%, 8%, 13% at 6500 and 8000 RPM, respectively.

Abstrak :
Kendaraan bermotor merupakan alat transportasi terpenting bagi penduduk Indonesia. Masalah yang ditimbulkan oleh kendaraan bermotor antara lain emisi yang lebih tinggi dan juga tidak selalu tersedianya minyak pemanas. Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan No. Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Alam (ESDM). 12 Tahun 2015 tentang Penyediaan, Penggunaan dan Tata Niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain. Solusi yang diterapkan saat ini adalah campuran bahan bakar etanol, graphene oxide dengan bensin. Tujuan penelitian ini akan menguji bahan bakar campuran gasoline-ethanol-grapheneoxide zat aditif terhadap pengaruh unjuk kerja, emisi, dan temperature pada mesin 4 stroke 125 cc SI. Komposisi campuran menggunakan gravimetri dengan masing-masing sampel 1000 dengan campuran E0 1000 gram gasoline, E20 campuran gasoline 800 gram dan ethanol 200 gram, E20GO campuran gasoline 800 ditambah ethanol 200 gram ditambah graphene oxide 25 mg (125 ppm). Melakukan rancang bangun Rig engine, modifikasi cylinder head untuk meletakan termokopel, sistem elektrikal, fuel system. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini Data-Q sebagai data akuisisi, BRT JUKEN 5+ sebagai ECU, termokopel tipe-K, data box AFR Meter untuk bacaan AFR, gas analyzer kane 9206 Quintox, Chassis dynamometer, fuel system dan tanki KMHE 200 ml. Metode pengujian dengan variasi RPM rendah, tengah, tinggi dengan RPM 5000, 6500, 8000 di tahan pada waktu running selama 30 detik dan dengan throttle terbuka penuh (wide open throttle) diantara pengujiannya yaitu: unjuk kerja meliputi torsi, HP, Konsumsi bahan bakar. Emisi meliputi CO2, CO, HC. Temperatur meliputi temperatur exhaust dan temperatur exhaust valve. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian torsi dibandingkan dengan E0 didapat pada bahan bakar E20GO mengalami penurunan 2%, 20%, 23% dan daya didapat penurunan E20 5%, 4%, 26%. Hasil pengujian konsumsi di bandingkan dengan E0 didapatkan E20GO mengalami kenaikan 40%, 18%, 2%. Pengujian emisi dibandingkan dengan E0, didapatkan emisi karbon dioksida CO2 E20 mengalami penurunan 10%, 3%, 12%. Emisi karbon monoksida CO E20G0 mengalami penurunan 36%, 67%, 89%. Emisi Hidrokarbon HC E20GO mengalami penurunan 59%, 24%, 25%. Pengujian temperature exhaust dan valve exhaust dibanding dengan E0 didapatkan E20GO mengalami kenaikan pada RPM 5000 78%, dan 74 %, RPM 6500 dan 8000 mengalami penurunan 25%, 14%, 8%, 13%. ......Motor vehicles are the most important means of transportation for the population of Indonesia. The issues caused by motor vehicles include higher emissions and the inconsistent availability of heating oil. The Indonesian government issued Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 12 of 2015 regarding the Provision, Use, and Trade of Vegetable Fuel as an Alternative Fuel. The current solution applied is a mixture of ethanol, graphene oxide, and gasoline as fuel additives. This research aims to test the performance, emissions, and temperature effects of the gasoline-ethanol-graphene oxide fuel mixture on a 125 cc SI 4-stroke engine. The mixture composition is determined using gravimetry, with each sample consisting of 1000 grams of gasoline for E0, a mixture of 800 grams of gasoline and 200 grams of ethanol for E20, and a mixture of 800 grams of gasoline, 200 grams of ethanol, and 25 mg (125 ppm) of graphene oxide for E20GO. The research includes the construction of an engine rig, modification of the cylinder head for thermocouple placement, electrical system, and fuel system. The measurement tools used in this research are Data-Q for data acquisition, BRT JUKEN 5+ as ECU, type-K thermocouples, AFR Meter data box for AFR reading, Kane 9206 Quintox gas analyzer, chassis dynamometer, fuel system, and KMHE 200 ml tank. The testing method involves variations of low, medium, and high RPM at 5000, 6500, and 8000 RPM, respectively, held for a running time of 30 seconds, with the throttle wide open. Performance testing includes torque, horsepower, and fuel consumption. Emission testing includes CO2, CO, and HC. Temperature testing includes exhaust temperature and exhaust valve temperature. Based on the test results, compared to E0, the torque of E20GO fuel showed a decrease of 2%, 20%, 23%, while the power showed a decrease of 5%, 4%, 26% for E20. The fuel consumption testing showed an increase of 40%, 18%, 2% for E20GO compared to E0. In terms of emissions, compared to E0, E20 exhibited a decrease of 10%, 3%, 12% in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while E20GO showed a decrease of 36%, 67%, 89% in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and a decrease of 59%, 24%, 25% in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. In the exhaust and valve temperature testing, compared to E0, E20GO showed an increase of 78% and 74% at 5000 RPM, and a decrease of 25%, 14%, 8%, 13% at 6500 and 8000 RPM, respectively.

Abstrak :
This book describes the discusses advanced fuels and combustion, emission control techniques, after-treatment systems, simulations and fault diagnostics, including discussions on different engine diagnostic techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), phase Doppler interferometry (PDI), laser ignition. This volume bridges the gap between basic concepts and advanced research in internal combustion engine diagnostics, making it a useful reference for both students and researchers whose work focuses on achieving higher fuel efficiency and lowering emissions.

Abstrak :
Due to the large number of influencing parameters and interactions, the fuel injection and therewith fuel propagation and distribution are among the most complex processes in an internal combustion engine. For this reason, injection is usually the subject to highly detailed numerical modeling, which leads to unacceptably high computing times in the 3D-CFD simulation of a full engine domain. Marlene Wentsch presents a critical analysis, optimization and extension of injection modeling in an innovative, fast response 3D-CFD tool that is exclusively dedicated to the virtual development of internal combustion engines.

Abstrak :
This work presents an investigation of the influence of different modeling approaches on the quality of fuel economy simulations of hybrid electric powertrains. The main focus is on the challenge to accurately include transient effects and reduce the computation time of complex models. Methods for the composition of entire powertrain models are analyzed as well as the modeling of the individual components internal combustion engine and battery. The results shall help with the selection of suitable models for specific simulation tasks and provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic processes within simulations of hybrid electric vehicles.

Abstrak :
This Proceedings volume gathers outstanding papers submitted to the 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference & 2017 SAE-China Congress, the majority of which are from China – the largest car-maker as well as most dynamic car market in the world. The book covers a wide range of automotive topics, presenting the latest technical advances and approaches to help technicians solve the practical problems that most affect their daily work.