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"Summary:This reprinted edition of a classic and truly seminal book, written by one of the leading thinkers in the field, represents the first comprehensive treatment of the economic theory of multi-level government."

"Abstract. Cooperation among neighbouring region is commonly termed regional cooperation. Inter-region cooperation in the study of public administration is categorized as public management especially intergovernmental management. Inter-region cooperation in Indonesia has been for a long time trying to find its form. However, in the middle of its process, the implementer is trapped in doubt. The paper aims to trace the institutional form and its problem in the neighbouring region cooperation. The research is done through literature study, observation on inter-region cooperation especially in the central Java and some facilitation done by the writer in the several regions in Indonesia. There are two forms of referred institution which is developed on the basis of this networking pattern; they are intergovernmental relation (IGR) and intergovernmental management (IGM). In the mean time, the governmental support on inter-region cooperation which is supposed to form collaboration is hampered by the inconsistency of regulation which is issued by several parties (ministries) in the central government.Abstrak. Kerjasama antar daerah yang berdekatan biasa disebut kerjasama regional. Kerjasama antar daerah dalam kajian administrasi publik masuk dalam kategori manajemen publik, khususnya intergovernmental management. Kerjasama antar daerah di Indonesia, telah lama mencari bentuk, namun dalam perjalanannya terjebak pada keraguan para pelaksananya. Tulisan ini bertujuan merunut bentuk kelembagaan dan permasalahannya dalam kerjasama antar daerah yang berdekatan. Tulisan ini dikembangkan dari kajian literature, pengamatan pada praktek kerjasama antar daerah khususnya di Jawa tengah dan fasilitasi yang dilakukan oleh penulis di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Terdapat dua bentuk kelembagaan rujukan yang dikembangkan atas dasar pola networking ini, adalah Intergovermental relation (IGR) dan intergovernmental management (IGM). Sementara itu, dorongan pemerintah untuk kerjasama antar daerah yang mestinya membentuk kolaborasi terhambat sendiri oleh inkonsistensi kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh berbagai pihak (kementerian) di pemerintah pusat."

"Decentralization is expected to reduce poverty. Through fiscal decentralization, poverty may be reduced by optimizing intergovernmental grants. However, its effect on poverty is beginning to be questioned after some districts in Indonesia showed slowing performance on poverty reduction despite increasing transfer. Thus, this paper tends to investigate the linkage of intergovernmental transfer (IT) and poverty in Indonesia. By using panel data from 2005 to 2013, the linkage is tested using linear regression model. The result shows that increasing 1% of IT allocation will re¬duce poverty absolute by 0.12%, or 10% increase of IT will reduce poverty by 1.24%. The intergovernmental transfer also directly affects poverty gap and poverty rate. Increasing 10% of IT will reduce the poverty gap and poverty rate by 9.49% and 31.73%, respectively. Moreover, DAU (unconditional intergovernmental transfer) has a higher effect than DAK (conditional intergovernmental transfer) on poverty eradication. An increase of DAU by 1% will reduce the poverty number by 0.068%, in contrast, DAK only has 0.0418% to reduce poverty. However, as the difference is relatively small, the effectiveness of DAU on poverty is not consistent with the decentralization theory. Unconditional grant must have a significant difference than conditional grant on poverty. It may indicate that the DAU has been spent ineffectively and inefficiently. It may also indicate that it has been spent on not pro-poor policies. Thus, fiscal decentralization in Indonesia needs to be reevaluated in order to support poverty alleviation program."

"ASEAN is coming of age as an international actor and international treaty-maker. To date, more than 200 external agreements and other instruments have been concluded in the name of ASEAN. This book provides the first systematic account of the legal framework governing ASEAN's burgeoning external relations practice. It focuses in depth on ASEAN's wide-ranging mandate to promote its values and principles in the wider region and beyond, as well as the highly intergovernmental, and at times haphazard, handling of the bloc's relations with the outside world. Furthermore, it reveals that there are two basic meanings of ASEAN in its international dealings, which have important implications under international law: ASEAN as an international organization with its own legal personality and ASEAN as the collectivity of its Member States. This timely, thoughtful book is a valuable resource for practitioners and scholars of international law, ASEAN law, international relations, regional integration and governance"-- Provided by publisher"

"Pemerintah daerah di Indonesia memiliki ketergantungan yang tinggi pada dana transfer dari pemerintah pusat. Untuk memahami isu ini, banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk memahami dampak dana transfer terhadap perilaku belanja pemerintah daerah. Namun, penelitian yang sudah ada hanya fokus pada dampak dari realisasi dana transfer. Studi ini menguji secara empiris pengaruh ekspektasi transfer terhadap perilaku belanja pemerintah daerah. Analisis empiris ini menggunakan seperangkat variabel ekonomi dan politik sebagai proxy ekspektasi transfer di 426 pemerintah daerah di Indonesia sepanjang 2009-2018. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa alokasi dana transfer, meskipun telah diatur secara formal oleh Peraturan Pemerintah, dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi dan politik di luar formula. Penelitian ini juga mengonfirmasi bahwa ekspektasi transfer merupakan faktor yang relevan dalam memengaruhi belanja pemerintah daerah. Peningkatan ekspektasi transfer berasosiasi dengan meningkatnya belanja pemerintah daerah pada seluruh jenis dan fungsi. Pemerintah daerah yang berekspektasi mengalami kenaikan transfer cenderung memiliki tingkat belanja yang lebih tinggi.

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Fiscal decentralization in Indonesia is characterized by high dependency of local governments on transfer funds from the central government as a source of revenue. In order to understand the behavior of local governments in spending transfer funds, a substantial amount of work has been done to estimate the impact of transfer funds on local government spending. However, existing research has so far only focused on the impact of the realization transfer funds. This study examines empirically the role of transfer expectation in affecting local government spending behavior. The empirical analysis employs a set of political and economic variables to proxy transfer expectations in 426 local governments in Indonesia across 2009-2018. This research found that transfer allocation, even when enshrined in a law, appear to be influenced by economic dan political factors beyond the formula. The analysis also confirms that transfer expectations are relevant determinant of local government spending. Our findings suggest that an increase in expected transfers is associated with increase in local government spending across type and functions. Local governments expecting a higher level of transfer tend to react with a higher level of expenditure."

"This paper tries to estimate the relationship between fiscal decentralization and government size in Indonesia by employing de Mello?s model. The impact of fiscal decentralization on government size is estimated by doing a regression on the government size indicator (as a dependent variable) that is affected by: the decentralization indicator, local government collusion indicator, and the control variable (as independent variables). The results indicated that there is a positive relation between the government size and decentralization indicators when we use the relative size of local government expenditures and fragmentation ratios as a proxy. On the other hand, the author found an irrelevant and even negative relationship between tax/non-tax autonomy and the government size. "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap program Belanja Anti Kemiskinan yaitu Belanja Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM) dan Belanja Bantuan Kesehatan Penduduk Miskin (BKES) dalam kurun waktu tahun 2014 s.d. 2016 di seluruh kabupaten/kota Indonesia. Dua program tersebut merupakan bagian dari perwujudan pelaksanaan realisasi dana transfer pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah khususnya dalam rangka mengurangi kemiskinan. Untuk mengevaluasi BSM dan BKES, penelitian ini menggunakan 4 (empat) buah model ekonometri. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, masing-masing program belanja menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda: alokasi atas belanja anti kemiskinan untuk Belanja Bantuan Siswa Miskin dipengaruhi secara positif oleh DAK dan DBH; dan untuk alokasi Belanja Kesehatan Penduduk Miskin dipengaruhi secara positif oleh DAU dan dipengaruhi secara negatif oleh DAK. Melalui penelitian ini program Bantuan Siswa Miskin menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan kemiskinan, namun hal ini tidak berlaku secara umum karena tergantung dengan indikator kemiskinan yang digunakan. Perbedaan tersebut dapat terlihat dalam beberapa kasus yang diuji melalui simulasi dari beberapa model yang menunjukkan terdapat variasi perubahan atas komponen DAU dan DAK untuk belanja anti kemiskinan yang mempengaruhi besaran alokasi belanja tergantung dari kapasitas masing-masing daerah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, program belanja BSM menunjukkan hasil yang efektif dalam menurunkan kemiskinan, sehingga perlu untuk tetap dilanjutkan dengan mempertimbangkan pada kebutuhan dan karakteristik daerahnya seperti ukuran pendidikan dan kesehatan agar tepat sasaran. Selain itu pula alokasi DAU perlu terus ditingkatkan dan disalurkan secara tepat waktu agar alokasi belanja anti kemiskinan tetap terjaga secara efektif dan efisien.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization policies on the Anti Poverty Expenditure program, namely Poor Student Assistance (BSM) Expenditure and Poor Population Health Assistance (BKES) Expenditure in the year of 2014 until the year of 2016 in all districts/cities of Indonesia. The two programs are part of the realization of the implementation of the realization of central government transfer funds to local governments, especially to reducing poverty. To evaluate the BSM Expenditure and the BKES Expenditure, this research uses 4 (four) econometric models. Based on the results of the study, each expenditure program showed different effects: the allocation of anti-poverty expenditure for BSM was positively influenced by DAK and DBH; and for the allocation of BKES was affected positively by DAU, and negatively affected by DAK. Through this research the Poor Student Assistance program shows a significant effect in reducing poverty, but this does not apply in general because it depends on the poverty indicators used. This difference can be seen in a number of cases tested through simulations of several models which show that there are variations in changes to the DAU and DAK components for anti-poverty expenditure that affect the amount of expenditure allocation depending on the capacity of each region. Based on the results of the research, the BSM expenditure program shows effective results in reducing poverty, so it needs to be continued by considering the needs and characteristics of each region, as well as consideration of the size of education and health in the region. Furthermore, the DAU allocation needs to be continued increased and distributed to the regions in a timely manner so the anti-poverty expenditure preserved effectively and efficiently."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi kemungkinan terjadinya fiscal distresskabupaten/kota di Indonesia Tahun 2010-2013 dengan memodifikasi variabelTrussel dan Patrick (2009) dalam memprediksi fiscal distress.Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode regresi logistikbiner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 1.820 kabupaten/kota-tahun.Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan adanya indikasi fiscal distress di beberapakabupaten/kota di Indonesia utamanya di tahun 2010. Lebih lanjut penelitianmembuktikan bahwa terdapat lima variabel yang signifikan dalam memprediksikemungkinan terjadinya fiscal distress, yaitu Pendapatan Asli Daerah sebagaipersentase pendapatan dengan korelasi positif, dana perimbangan sebagaipersentase dari pendapatan dengan korelasi positif, belanja modal sebagaipersentase dari pendapatan dengan korelasi positif dan pertumbuhan pendapatandengan korelasi negatif serta variabel dummy kabupaten dengan korelasi negatif.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.;This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation., This study aims to predict the likelihood of fiscal distress in districts/cities inIndonesia in 2010-2013 by modifying Trussel and Patrick (2009) variables inpredicting fiscal distress. This research is a quantitative study using binary logisticregression method with a total sample of 1.820 districts/cities-years. The resultsshow indications of fiscal distress in some districts/cities in Indonesia especiallyin 2010. Furthermore, the study shows that there are five significant variables inpredicting the likelihood of fiscal distress, namely local own-revenue as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, intergovernmental funds as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation, capital expenditures as apercentage of revenue with a positive correlation and revenue growth with anegative correlation and dummy variabel district with a negative correlation.]"

"ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan nilai Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM) dan Status Desa, serta bagaimana pengaruh Dana Transfer yang berupa Dana Desa (DD), Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) dan Bagi Hasil Pajak dan Retribusi (BHPR) terhadap pembangunan desa di Kabupaten Blora selama periode tahun 2015-2018. Pembangunan desa dalam penelitian ini diukur melalui nilai Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM) dan Status Desa yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Desa, Pembagunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi (DPDTT). Dari sisi nilai IDM, dengan menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai Indeks Ketahanan Sosial (IKS) merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai IDM di Kabupaten Blora pada tahun 2015-2018. Dari sisi Status Desa, dengan menggunakan metode regresi Ordered Logit, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai Indeks Ketahanan Lingkungan (IKL) merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan Status Desa di Kabupaten Blora pada tahun 2015-2018. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Dana Transfer signifikan secara positif mempengaruhi nilai IDM, dan dengan menggunakan metode regresi Ordered Logit, Dana Transfer tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi Status Desa di Kabupaten Blora pada tahun 2015-2018

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ABSTRACTThis study aim to analyze the factors that led to changes in the value of the Village Development Index (IDM) and Village Status, also how Intergovernmental transfer funds consisting of Village Funds (DD), Village Fund Allocation (ADD) and Tax and Retribution Revenue Sharing ( BHPR) affected the village development in the Blora District during 2015-2018. Village development in this study measured by the Village Development Index (IDM) and Village Status established by the Ministry of Village, Underdeveloped Area Development and Transmigration (DPDTT). In terms of IDM value, using descriptive statistical methods the results of this study indicate that the value of the Social Resilience Index (IKS) is the factor that most influences the value of IDM in the Blora District during 2015-2018. In terms of Village Status, using the Ordered Logit regression method, this study shows the Environmental Resilience index (IKL) value is the most related factor to changes in the Village Status in Blora Regency during 2015-2018. By using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method, Funds Transfer significantly influences the IDM value, but by using the Ordered Logit regression method, Funds Transfer did not impact the Village Status significantly in the Blora District during 2015-2018.

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