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"Latar Belakang. Subjek first degree relatives (FDR) diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 berisiko berkembang menjadi DM tipe 2 dan kejadian aterosklerosis lebih tinggi daripada subjek tanpa riwayat orang tua dengan DM tipe 2. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaaan rerata kadar Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) yang berperan dalam berkembangnya DM tipe 2 maupun aterosklerosis, dan Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) sebagai penanda disfungsi endotel pada kelompok FDR DM tipe 2 dan kelompok non-FDR DM tipe 2. Serta melihat korelasi A-FABP dan ICAM-1 pada FDR DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari payung penelitian FDR tahun 2018, dengan desain potong lintang, yang memeriksakan kadar A-FABP dan ICAM-1 serum dengan metode sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjek yang dilibatkan berusia 19 tahun sampai di bawah usia 40 tahun, yang normotensi dan normoglikemia. Serum yang diambil disimpan dalam suhu -80°C. Hasil yang ada dilanjutkan analisis beda rerata dan uji korelasi kelompok FDR dan non-FDR.Hasil dan Diskusi. Dari 115 subjek normoglikemi normotensi, didapatkan kadar A-FABP yang lebih tinggi pada FDR DM tipe 2 dibandingkan non-FDR DM tipe 2 dengan median (rentang interkuartil) berturut-turut 5,44 ng/ml (3,99-6,40) dan 4,99 ng/ml (3,35-6,70), namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,54). Demikian juga kadar ICAM-1 pada populasi FDR DM tipe 2 yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kelompok non-FDR DM tipe 2, dengan median 276,70 ng/ml (230,60-375,20) dan 272,55 ng/ml (223,95-318,22) berturut-turut (0=0,21). Tidak ditemukan korelasi bermakna A-FABP dan ICAM-1 pada FDR DM tipe 2 (p=0,276).

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Background. The subject of first-degree relatives (FDR) diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 had a risk of developing into type 2 DM and the incidence of atherosclerosis was higher than subjects without parents with type 2 DM. This study aims to see the mean difference of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) level which plays role in the development of type 2 DM and atherosclerosis, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level as a marker of endothelial dysfunction between FDR type 2 DM group and the non-FDR type 2 DM group. Moreover, to see the A-FABP and ICAM-1 correlation on FDR DM type 2.

Method. This study is part of FDR study held on 2018. Normotensive and normoglycemic subjects aged 19 to under 40 years old were included. The extracted serum was stored at -80C. Serum A-FABP and ICAM-1 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The results were followed by a mean difference analysis and a correlation test for the FDR and non-FDR groups.

Results and Discussion. Of the 115 subjects, A-FABP levels were higher in FDR type 2 DM than in non-FDR type 2 DM with median (interquartile range) of 5,44 ng/ml (3,99-6,40) and 4,99 ng/ml (3,35-6,70) respectively, and not statistically significant (p=0,54). Likewise, the level of ICAM-1 in FDR type 2 DM subjects was not statistically significant different from non-FDR type 2 DM subjects, with a median of 276.70 ng / ml (230.60-375.20) and 272.55 ng / ml (223.95-318.22) respectively (0 = 0.21). There was no significant correlation between A-FABP and ICAM-1 in FDR type 2 DM (p=0,276).

Conclusion. There were no significant differences of A-FABP and ICAM-1 levels between FDR and non-FDR type 2 DM groups. There were no correlation between A-FABP and ICAM-1 in the FDR type 2 DM group."

"Latar beakang. Bulan Ramadan adalah bulan yang suci untuk umat Muslim. Pada bulan ini umat muslim tidak makan, minum, merokok dari sejak terbit matahari, hingga terbenam matahari. Tidak hanya orang sehat yang berpuasa, pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) juga akan berpuasa di luar keringanan yang sudah diberikan. Hal ini menjadikan puasa Ramadan adalah cara yang unik untuk mempelajari efek dari perubahan pola makan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan puasa Ramadan mempunyai efek positif terhadap disfungsi endotel, akan tetapi hasilnya tidak konsisten. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) merupakan salah satu penanda biologi fungsi endotel yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai disfungsi endotel. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien DMT2 selama puasa Ramadan. Dan mengetahui perbedaan perubahan kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien DMT2 dibandingkan dengan non diabetes melitus (DM). Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kohort retrospektif. Sebanyak 26 pasien DMT2 dan 21 pasang pasien DMT2 dan non DM (usia 19-60 tahun) dengan matching usia diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran parameter metabolik (tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, total asupan kalori dan intensitas aktivitas fisik) dan antropometri (Berat badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar perut) dan komposisi makanan (Karbohidrat, lemak, protein) dan analisis laboratorium (glukosa darah puasa, HbA1c, profil lipid, ICAM-1) diperiksa pada 2-4 minggu sebelum puasa Ramadan (T0) dan setidaknya 14 hari puasa Ramadan (T1). Hasil Penelitian. Rerata kadar ICAM pada pasien DMT2 pada T0 335,9 ± 89 ng/ml dan pada T1 median 344 (193-505) ng/ml. Delta rerata kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien DMT2 adalah -12,41 ± 107,24 ng/ml dan Median pada non DM adalah -52 (-279- 42) ng/ml Kesimpulan. Tidak didapatkan perubahan bermakna kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 selama puasa Ramadan (p 0.228), dan tidak didapatkan perbedaan perubahan kadar ICAM-1 pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dibandingkan dengan non diabetes melitus selama puasa Ramadan (p 0,237).

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Background. The month of Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. During this month, Muslims do not eat, drink and smoke from sunrise to sunset. Not only healthy people who fast, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will also fast outside of the relief that has been given. This makes the fast of Ramadan a unique way to study the effects of dietary changes. Previous studies have shown that Ramadan fasting has a positive effect on endothelial dysfunction, but the results have been inconsistent. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a biological marker of endothelial function that can be used to assess endothelial dysfunction. Aim. To determine the changes ICAM-1 levels in T2DM patients during Ramadan fasting, And to determine the changes of ICAM-1 level in DMT2 patient compared ton non DM during Ramadan fasting. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed. A total of 26 T2DM patients and 21 pairs of T2DM and non-DM patients (aged 19-60 years) with age-matched were included in this study. Measurement of metabolic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total calorie intake and intensity of physical activity) and anthropometry (body weight, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference) and food composition (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and laboratory analysis (blood glucose fasting, HbA1c, lipid profile, ICAM-1) were examined 2-4 weeks before fasting Ramadan (T0) and at least 14 days of fasting during Ramadan (T1). Result. The mean ICAM level in T2DM patients was at T0 335.9 ± 89 ng/ml and at T1 the median was 344 (193-505) ng/ml. The mean delta level of ICAM-1 in T2DM patients is -12.41 ± 107.24 ng/ml and the median delta level in non-DM is -52 (-279-42) ng/ml Conclusion. There was no significant change ICAM-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting (p 0.228), and there was no difference in changes ICAM-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared with non-diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting (p 0.237)."