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Abstrak :
This volume of current topics in microbiology and immunology covers diverse topics related to intradermal immunization. The chapters highlight the effectiveness of intradermal immunization in experimental animal models or in clinical practice, all supporting the view that intradermal immunization is at least as good as other immunization routes. Keeping in mind that current vaccines are not specially designed for intradermal immunization, but show comparable efficiency even at reduced dosages, this underlines the great potential for the skin as a vaccination site.

Abstrak :
Suntik filler merupakan salah satu perawatan kecantikan non bedah yang memasukkan sejenis cairan atau zat ke dalam kulit dengan menggunakan jarum dan bertujuan untuk menyamarkan akibat penuaan atau mempercantik penampilan seseorang. Pemulihan tindakan suntik filler tidak memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama jika dibandingkan dengan bedah plastik estetika, membuat lonjakan terhadap penggunaan suntik filler oleh berbagai kalangan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pastinya tindakan ini memiliki risiko dan komplikasi yang mungkin saja dapat terjadi. Maraknya pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh dokter akibat tidak adanya pemberian persetujuan tindakan kedokteran dalam melakukan tindakan medis perlu dibahas lebih lanjut. Oleh karena itu, setiap tindakan kedokteran harus memberikan persetujuan tindakan kedokteran dengan terlebih dahulu dokter menjelaskan kepada pasiennya secara rinci dan lengkap, karena persetujuan tindakan medis termasuk ke dalam bagian etik profesi kedokteran. Hal ini bertujuan mencegah pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh dokter sebagaimana penelitian ini yang tidak memberikan persetujuan tindakan medis secara tertulis dalam memberikan tindakan suntik filler berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 1441/Pid/Sus/2019/PN Mks. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan bahan data sekunder sebagai pendukung. Data ini diperoleh dari studi dokumen maupun wawancara yang dilakukan dengan narasumber. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pemberian persetujuan tindakan kedokteran yang dilakukan oleh dokter terhadap pasiennya dengan melakukan suntik filler untuk kecantikan belum diterapkan secara maksimal sesuai dengan hukum kesehatan. ......Filler injections are one of the non-surgical beauty treatments that involve injecting a substance or fluid into the skin using a needle, with the aim of minimizing signs of aging or enhancing a person's appearance. As opposed to aesthetic plastic surgery, filler injections have a shorter recovery period, which has resulted in an annual rise in the number of individuals who use them. However, it is important to acknowledge that such procedures carry risks and potential complications. The prevalence of violations committed by doctors due to the lack of informed consent in medical procedures needs to be further discussed. Therefore, it is necessary for every medical procedure to obtain the patient's informed consent, wherein the doctor provides a detailed and comprehensive explanation beforehand, as obtaining informed consent is an ethical requirement in the medical profession. This is aimed at preventing violations committed by doctors, such as the case discussed in this research, where written informed consent was not obtained for administering filler injections based on Court Decision Number 1441/Pid/Sus/2019/PN Mks. This research employs a normative juridical approach with secondary data as supporting evidence. The data was obtained from document studies and interviews conducted with pertinent sources, and it was then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the findings of this research, it is evident that the practice of obtaining informed consent from patients for filler injections in aesthetic procedures has not been maximally implemented in accordance with health laws.

Abstrak :
Now in its fourth edition and with a new title - Injection Techniques in Musculoskeletal Medicine - this step-by-step guide is a resource used by practitioners who have to deal with the management of painful joints and soft tissues, particularly in relation to sports and overuse injuries. Area by area, guidance is given for each lesion on appropriate patient selection and delivery of the drug. Every technique has its own two-page spread containing a written description along with an anatomical illustration of the region and a photograph showing the anatomical landmarks for the injection.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Simple bone cyst (SBC) adalah tumor tulang jinak, berisi cairan. Tujuan utama terapi SBC adalah mendapatkan penyembuhan tulang, mencegah fraktur patologis, dan manajemen gejala khususnya nyeri. Terdapat berbagai metode pengobatan SBC, namun saat ini masih kontroversial karena angka kesembuhan dan tingkat invasi operasi. Terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid merupakan metode operasi dengan tingkat invasi rendah sehingga penyembuhan tulang dan luaran fungsional lebih baik. Metode: Total terdapat 10 pasien (6 laki-laki, 4 perempuan, rerata usia13 tahun) SBC yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. 5 pasien (proksimal femur 3; proksimal humerus 1; calcaneus 1) dilakukan terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid dan 5 pasien (proksimal femur 2; proksimal humerus 2, radius 1) terapi kurease dengan hidroksiapatit. Injeksi perkutaneus steroid dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan interval waktu tiap satu bulan. Rerata follow up adalah 12-26 bulan. Evaluasi penyembuhan tulang dinilai secara radiologi dengan kriteria Chang dkk. Luaran fungsional dinilai berdasarkan skor MSTS. Hasil: Penyembuhan tulang komplit didapatkan pada kedua kelompok, namun solid union lebih cepat terjadi pada kelompok terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid. Luaran fungsional didapatkan nilai yang lebih baik pada kelompok injeksi perkutaneus steroid terutama pada bulan ke-3 (55%) dan ke-6 (84%) pasca operasi berdasarkan skor MSTS dibandingkan terapi kuretase dengan hidroksiapatit (bulan ke-3 47% dan ke-6 69,3%). Simpulan: Terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid masih tetap menjadi pilihan utama metode terapi SBC dengan solid union lebih cepat, tingkat prosedur operasi invasi rendah, lebih mudah, efektif, dan aman. ABSTRACT
Background: Simple bone cysts (SBC) are a benign bone tumor, fluid-filled. The main goals of the therapy are to get the bone healing, prevent pathological fractures, and management of pain symptom. There are various methods of the SBC treatment, however still remains controversial because of their healing rate and invasiveness of surgery. Steroid injection therapy is a surgical procedure with a low level of invasiveness so that better bone healing and functional outcomes. Methods: A total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females, mean age 13 year) SBC were divided into two groups. 5 patients (proximal femur 3; proximal humerus 1; calcaneus 1) performed percutaneous steroid injection therapy and 5 patients (proximal femur 2; 2 proximal humerus, radius 1) performed curretage with hydroxyapatite therapy. Percutaneous steroid injection was performed three times at intervals of each month. The mean follow-up of 12-26 months. Evaluation of bone healing radiological asseesed by Chang criteria and the functional outcome by MSTS score. Results: Complete bone healing was found in both group, but solid union occurred faster in steroid injection theraphy group. The functional outcomes found better value in the steroid injection theraphy group, particulary at 3 months (55%) and 6 months (84%) than curettage with hydroxyapatite therapy(3 months 47% and 6 months 69,3%) post operation based on MSTS score. Conclusions: Percutaneus steroid injection therapy is still the main choice of SBC treatment with faster solid union, a lower level operating procedures invasion, easy, effective, and safe.;Background: Simple bone cysts (SBC) are a benign bone tumor, fluid-filled. The main goals of the therapy are to get the bone healing, prevent pathological fractures, and management of pain symptom. There are various methods of the SBC treatment, however still remains controversial because of their healing rate and invasiveness of surgery. Steroid injection therapy is a surgical procedure with a low level of invasiveness so that better bone healing and functional outcomes. Methods: A total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females, mean age 13 year) SBC were divided into two groups. 5 patients (proximal femur 3; proximal humerus 1; calcaneus 1) performed percutaneous steroid injection therapy and 5 patients (proximal femur 2; 2 proximal humerus, radius 1) performed curretage with hydroxyapatite therapy. Percutaneous steroid injection was performed three times at intervals of each month. The mean follow-up of 12-26 months. Evaluation of bone healing radiological asseesed by Chang criteria and the functional outcome by MSTS score. Results: Complete bone healing was found in both group, but solid union occurred faster in steroid injection theraphy group. The functional outcomes found better value in the steroid injection theraphy group, particulary at 3 months (55%) and 6 months (84%) than curettage with hydroxyapatite therapy(3 months 47% and 6 months 69,3%) post operation based on MSTS score. Conclusions: Percutaneus steroid injection therapy is still the main choice of SBC treatment with faster solid union, a lower level operating procedures invasion, easy, effective, and safe.;Background: Simple bone cysts (SBC) are a benign bone tumor, fluid-filled. The main goals of the therapy are to get the bone healing, prevent pathological fractures, and management of pain symptom. There are various methods of the SBC treatment, however still remains controversial because of their healing rate and invasiveness of surgery. Steroid injection therapy is a surgical procedure with a low level of invasiveness so that better bone healing and functional outcomes. Methods: A total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females, mean age 13 year) SBC were divided into two groups. 5 patients (proximal femur 3; proximal humerus 1; calcaneus 1) performed percutaneous steroid injection therapy and 5 patients (proximal femur 2; 2 proximal humerus, radius 1) performed curretage with hydroxyapatite therapy. Percutaneous steroid injection was performed three times at intervals of each month. The mean follow-up of 12-26 months. Evaluation of bone healing radiological asseesed by Chang criteria and the functional outcome by MSTS score. Results: Complete bone healing was found in both group, but solid union occurred faster in steroid injection theraphy group. The functional outcomes found better value in the steroid injection theraphy group, particulary at 3 months (55%) and 6 months (84%) than curettage with hydroxyapatite therapy(3 months 47% and 6 months 69,3%) post operation based on MSTS score. Conclusions: Percutaneus steroid injection therapy is still the main choice of SBC treatment with faster solid union, a lower level operating procedures invasion, easy, effective, and safe.