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Abstrak :
One of the distinctive languages of Central Maluku, Naka’ela, was once spoken by a remnant language community on the north coast of Seram. Relying on data collected in Seram in 1978, Naka’ela has been among the Central Maluku languages included in studies of morphophonology (Collins 1983a, 1983b), areal phonology shift (1982, 2018a), and language classification (Collins 1983a). A fallacious, mechanistic classification of Naka’ela (Mahsun et al. 2008; Mukhamdanah 2015) was also published and has been recently disproven (Collins 2019a, 2019b). This essay will review some of the aspects of the Naka’ela language system by exploring what we can discern about verbal conjugation systems and genitive paradigms in this Central Maluku language. Based on contemporary reports from Seram (Sadrach Latue, p.c., 27-10-2018), the Naka’ela language, like so many others in Central Maluku, is no longer spoken; nor are there “rememberers” of this extinct language. In this setting of dead and forgotten languages, we recall the brutal genocides and culture murders in Australia (Daniel Nettle and Suzanne Romaine 2000). Recently, Dianne Biritjalawuy Gondarra, a Yolngu woman from northern Australia, explained that “culture is a shadow, it’s something that follows your everywhere, and part of culture is language, which connects me back to my land” (James Griffths 2020). This essay is intended to shed more light on Naka’ela and the complex setting of fading multilingualism in Central Maluku. The displaced, disregarded Naka’ela community survives in Seram, their land, but their language is only a shade, a ghostly memory.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau literatur terkait jenis afiks serta proses afiksasi bahasa Korea. Afiks (접사) merupakan unsur terikat yang melekat pada bentuk dasar dan memiliki fungsi untuk mengubah bentuk dasar serta menambahkan makna pada bentuk dasar. Sementara, afiksasi merupakan proses penambahan afiks pada bentuk dasar. Pertanyaan penelitian pada penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua pertanyaan, bagaimana jenis afiks yang terdapat dalam bahasa Korea? Kedua, bagaimana kata dalam bahasa Korea dibentuk melalui proses afiksasi? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kepustakaan yang menggunakan koleksi perpustakaan sebagai sumber referensinya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara garis besar afiks bahasa Korea dibedakan berdasarkan letak dan kemampuan membentuk kata baru. Berdasarkan letak, terdapat dua jenis afiks bahasa Korea, yakni prefiks (접두사) dan sufiks (접미사). Prefiks terdiri atas tiga jenis, prefiks yang melekat pada nomina, verba atau adjektiva, dan dua atau lebih kelas kata. Sufiks bahasa Korea terdiri atas empat jenis, yaitu sufiks derivasional pembentuk nomina, verba, adjektiva, dan adverbia. Sementara, berdasarkan kemampuan membentuk kata baru, terdapat dua jenis, yaitu afiks derivasional (파생 접사) yang dapat membentuk kata baru dan afiks infleksional (굴절 접사) yang tidak dapat membentuk kata baru. Lebih lanjut, semua proses pembentukan kata melalui afiksasi dalam bahasa Korea dapat membentuk kata baru dari bentuk dasar yang dilekatinya. Beberapa penambahan sufiks juga dapat mengubah kelas kata pada bentuk dasar yang dilekatinya. ......This research aims to examine the literature related to the types of affixes and the process of Korean affixation. Affixes (접사) are bound elements attached to the base form and have the function of changing the base form and adding meaning to the base form. Meanwhile, affixation is the process of adding affixes to the base form. The research questions in this study are divided into two questions, how is the classification of affixes found in Korean? Second, how are Korean words formed through the process of affixation? This research is a literature study research that uses library collections as its reference source. This research concludes that Korean affixes are distinguished based on their location and meaning. Based on their location, there are two types of Korean affixes, namely prefixes (접두사) and suffixes (접미사). Prefixes consist of three types: attached to nouns, verbs or adjectives, and more than two-word classes. As for Korean suffixes, there are four types: derivational suffixes for nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Meanwhile, based on their meaning, there are two types, namely derivational affixes (파생접사) that can change the meaning and inflectional affixes (굴절 접사) that cannot change the meaning. Furthermore, all word formation processes through affixation in Korean can change the meaning of the base form and some affixation processes through the addition of suffixes can change the word class of the base form to which they are attached.