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"Latar Belakang: Restenosis katup mitral didefinisikan sebagai penurunan mitral valve area (MVA) <1,5 cm2 atau penurunan MVA >50% pasca KMTP. Restenosis katup mitral bersifat time-dependent dan dikaitkan dengan major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), seperti gagal jantung kongestif, kematian, operasi penggantian katup dan KMTP ulangan. Mekanisme penyebab restenosis katup mitral belum diketahui secara pasti tetapi diduga berkaitan dengan proses inflamasi kronik. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan inflamasi kronik dengan restenosis katup mitral pasca KMTP. Metode: Total 40 pasien stenosis katup mitral yang telah menjalani tindakan KMTP dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok kasus (n=20) dan kelompok kontrol (n=20) berdasarkan matching. Diambil data sekunder dari rekam medis berupa karakteristik pasien (jenis kelamin, usia dan profilaksis sekunder), data ekokardiografi pre KMTP (Skor Wilkins dan MVA pre KMTP), dan data ekokardiografi post KMTP (MVA pasca KTMP). Dilakukan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi (MVA follow-up) dan pemeriksaan lab (kadar IL-6). Kemudian dilakukan analisis statistik untuk mencari hubungan antara kadar penanda inflamasi kronik serta variabel bebas lainnya dengan restenosis katup mitral. Hasil: Median konsentrasi IL-6 adalah 2,39 (0,03 - 11,4) pg/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan statistik yang bermakna kadar IL-6 pada kedua kelompok (nilai p >0,05). Penurunan MVA adalah 0,13 (0 - 0,62) cm2/tahun dengan laju penurunan MVA ≥0,155 cm2/tahun merupakan prediktor kejadian restenosis katup mitral (nilai p <0.001, OR = 46,72, 95% CI 6,69 - 326,19). Simpulan: Inflamasi kronik yang dinilai dengan IL-6 tidak berhubungan dengan restenosis katup mitral.

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Background: Mitral valve restenosis is defined as decreased mitral valve area (MVA) <1.5 cm2 or decreased MVA >50% after PTMC. It is time-dependent and associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), such as congestive heart failure, cardiac death, mitral valve replacement, and redo PTMC. The mechanism is not yet known; however, chronic inflammation may have a role.

Objective: To know the association between chronic inflammation and mitral valve restenosis after PTMC.

Methods: A total of 40 patients with mitral valve stenosis who underwent successful PTMC were matched and classified into restenosis/case group (n=20) and no restenosis/control group (n=20). Secondary data was taken from electronic medical records such as patient characteristics (gender, age & 2nd prophylaxis), echocardiography data before PTMC (Wilkins’ score and MVA before PTMC), and echocardiography data after PTMC (MVA after PTMC). Follow-up echocardiography examination (follow-up MVA) and laboratory assessment of chronic inflammation marker (IL-6) were done on all patients. Statistical analyses were done to look for an association between the level of chronic inflammation marker & other independent variables with mitral valve restenosis.

Results: Median IL-6 concentration was 2.39 (0.03 - 11.4) pg/mL. There was no statistically significant difference in IL-6 levels between both groups (p-value >0.05). MVA decrement was 0.13 (0 - 0.62) cm2/year with rate of MVA decrement ≥0.155 cm2/year was predictor of mitral valve restenosis (p-value <0.001, OR = 46.72, 95% CI 6.69 - 326.19).

Conclusion: Chronic inflammation assessed by IL-6 was not associated with mitral valve restenosis"

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan jaringan mirip endometrium di luar rongga uterus. Inflamasi kronik pada endometriosis memiliki peranan penting dalam memfasilitasi perkembangan kista endometriosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas oktil galat dalam menurunkan inflamasi pada tikus Wistar model endometriosis. Sejumlah 30 ekor tikus wistar betina dibagi secara acak ke dalam tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama dan kedua direkayasa membentuk jaringan endometriosis, sedangkan kelompok ketiga dilaparatomi sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif. Setelah dua bulan, dilakukan laparatomi kedua pada kelompok satu dan dua untuk mengevaluasi pembentukan jaringan endometriosis. Induksi oktil galat diberikan pada kelompok pertama selama satu bulan. Seluruh tikus kemudian dieuthanasia dan jaringan endometriosis kelompok pertama dan kedua, serta jaringan endometrium kelompok ketiga, diambil untuk dianalisis. Pengukuran kadar sitokin TNF-α dan IL-10 dilakukan menggunakan Luminex Multiplex Assay, sedangkan kadar COX-2 dan PGE₂ diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis beda proporsi menunjukkan bahwa pemberian oktil galat pada kelompok pertama tidak memberikan perubahan kadar TNF-α kategori tinggi yang signifikan, sedangkan kadar COX-2, PGE₂, dan IL-10 kategori tinggi teramati mengalami penurunan signifikan sebesar 22,3%, 55,6%, dan 44,5%, dibandingkan dengan kelompok kedua (p<0,05). Oktil galat diketahui efektif dalam menurunkan mediator inflamasi COX-2 dan PGE₂, serta anti-inflamasi IL-10, yang memicu perbaikan gejala klinis berupa regresi ukuran kista endometriosis.

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Endometriosis is a gynecological disease, characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Chronic inflammation in endometriosis has an important role in facilitating the development of endometriosis cysts. The present study aimed to analyze the anti inflammatory effect of octyl gallate in endometriosis Wistar rat model. 30 female Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups. Endometriosis induction was performed in the first and second group, while a sham operation was performed in the third group. Two months later, a second laparotomy was performed in the first and second groups to evaluate endometriosis tissue formation. Octyl gallate was administered via oral gavage to the first group for one month. All rats were sacrificed and endometriosis tissue samples were collected for further analysis. TNF-α and IL-10 levels were measured using Luminex Multiplex Assay, while COX-2 and PGE₂ levels were measured using the ELISA method. The administration of octyl gallate in the first group did not significantly effect TNF-α levels, whereas the high category of COX-2, PGE₂, and IL-10 levels were observed to experience a significant decrease up to 22.3%, 55.6%, and 44.5% compared to the second group (p<0.05). In conclusion, octyl gallate was able to supress the inflammatory mediators, COX-2 and PGE₂, along the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10, which induced the regression of endometriosis cysts size as an improvement of clinical symptoms."