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"ABSTRACTInfective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high mortality and morbidity and requires surgical intervention in about half of all patients. Mitral valve repair (MVrep) is reported to achieve better results than mitral valve replacement because the insertion of a prosthesis during active infection is avoided. However, MVrep in active IE is complicated and no definitive guidelines have been compiled. The current study reviews the literature from 2000 to 2016 and summarizes the surgical details of MVrep for IE."

"ABSTRACTInfective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening condition predominantly occurring in patients with underlying heart disease, is mainly caused by bacteremia induced by invasive dental treatment. However, the amount of related information shared between cardiologists and dentists appears to be inadequate. In the present study, a survey regarding prevention of IE, composed of 13 major questions, 2 of which also allowed free comments, was sent to approximately 3000 dentists belonging to a prefectural dental association in Japan. Of the 13.6% who returned the forms, more than 80% were general dentists with more than 20 years of experience. Approximately, 55% of the responders reported that they had opportunities to prescribe antibiotics prior to performing treatments with risk of IE, though noted difficulties with designation of which patients with heart disease were at risk. Most of the dentists considered that oral surgery procedures have a high risk for IE, whereas less invasive procedures were considered to be not associated with the disease. Approximately, 35% selected oral amoxicillin, with a dose of 2.0 g (20%) or 500 mg (27%) prescribed for adults, and 50 mg (10%) or 30 mg (12%) per kg of body weight for children. However, the timing of the antibiotics administration varied. The present results reveal current knowledge regarding prevention of IE among general dentists in Japan, and should be valuable for construction of a protocol to establish consensus between dentists and cardiologists."

"Latar belakang: Endokarditis infektif (EI) merupakan salah satu penyebab kesakitan dan kematian pada anak baik yang dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) maupun tanpa PJB. Insidens EI pada anak jarang dibandingkan orang dewasa, tetapi diprediksikan akan meningkat seiring meningkatnya kesintasan anak dengan PJB dan meningkatnya penggunaan kateter vena sentral. Saat ini belum ada data epidemiologi, karakteristik klinis dan mikrobiologis, serta luaran EI pada anak di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui karakteristik, profil mikrobiologis serta luaran penyakit EI pada anak serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya sehingga dapat menilai efektivitas terapi empiris yang digunakan saat ini.Metode: Menggunakan desain potong lintang pada anak dengan EI usia 0-18 tahun yang dirawat di RSCM tahun 2014-2018. Data mengenai karakteristik klinis, pola kuman dan uji sensitivitasnya, serta luaran EI diperoleh melalui rekam medis pasien.Hasil: Insidens EI di RSCM pada tahun 2014-2018 adalah 3,08 kasus per 10000 rawat inap anak. Insidens per tahun meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah rawat inap anak. Karakteristik klinis anak dengan EI di RSCM umumnya laki-laki berusia 5-18 tahun, dengan penyakit dasar PJB terutama ventricular septal defect  (VSD) dan tetralogy of fallot (TOF). Faktor risiko utama yang ditemukan adalah prosedur invasif dan pemasangan kateter vena sentral.  Sebagian besar biakan steril dengan bakteri terbanyak yang tumbuh adalah S. aureus yang resisten terhadap penisilin G dan ampisilin. Angka komplikasi pada EI di RSCM cukup tinggi yaitu 40,2% dengan angka mortalitas 5,9%. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit dasar, dan ukuran vegetasi pada kelompok dengan dan tanpa komplikasi di RSCM. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan insidens EI pada anak dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun dengan etiologi utama S.aureus. Uji kepekaan antibiotik menunjukkan resistensi kuman terhadap antibiotik empirik yang digunakan. Angka komplikasi dan kematian pada anak masih cukup tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan pencegahan yang tepat pada anak berisiko tinggi EI.

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Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the cause of morbidity and mortality in children both with or without congenital heart disease (CHD). The incidence is much lower than adults but tends to increase along with improved survival rates of children with CHD and increased usage of central venous catheter in critically ill children. Nowadays, there is still no epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, microbiological profile, and outcomes of IE in children in Indonesia.

Objectives: To assess the recent trends in incidence, characterictics, microbiological profile and outcomeof infective endocarditis in children during the period  of 2014–2018.

Methods: Using cross sectional study design involving patients with IE aged 0-18 years old admitted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) in 2014-2018. Clinical data, microbiological profile, and outcomes of subjects with IE was obtained from electronic and printed medical record.

Results: Total incidence of IE in CMH in 5 years was 3.08 cases per 10000 pediatric admission with increasing trends along with increased total pediatric admission. Clinical characteristics was predominantly male, aged 5-18 years old, with CHD as underlying disease, especially ventricular septal defect  (VSD) and tetralogy of fallot (TOF). The most common predisposing factors were history of invasive procedure and indwelling central catheter. Most of cases were the blood culture negative IE with the majority of positive blood cultures isolated S.aureus resistant to penisilin G and ampisilin. There were high rates of complications (40.2%) leading to mortality (5.9%) in CMH. There was no significant difference in age, genders, underlying disease, and size of vegetation in both cases with or withot complication in CMH.

Conclusions: There were increasing trends of IE incidence in children during last five years with S.aureus as the most common causative agent. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed antibiotic resistant to the most common empirical antibiotics in the health care setting. Complication and mortality rates were still high, thus proper prophylactic procedure was needed to be considered in high risked population."

"Endokarditis Infektif (EI) merupakan masalah kesehatan serius dengan angka insidensi, morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Perburukan fungsi ginjal terkait antibiotik intraperawatan terjadi cukup sering dan dikaitkan dengan luaran klinis yang lebih buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara perburukan fungsi ginjal terkait antibiotik dengan mortalitas intraperawatan pada pasien EI sisi jantung kiri. Dilakukan studi kohort retrospektif terhadap 315 pasien dengan EI aktif sisi jantung kiri pada periode 1 Januari 2013–31 Mei 2023. Dilakukan analisis bivariat dan multivariat untuk mengetahui prediktor mortalitas intraperawatan, mortalitas jangka panjang, lama rawat dan kebutuhan terapi pengganti ginjal. Terdapat 315 pasien dengan EI aktif sisi jantung kiri dimana 169 pasien dengan perburukan fungsi ginjal terkait antibiotik dan 146 pasien tanpa perburukan fungsi ginjal. Angka mortalitas intraperawatan sebesar 20,3% sedangkan pada pasien dengan perburukan fungsi ginjal terkait antibiotik mortalitas intraperawatan sebesar 34,9%. Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas intraperawatan adalah perburukan fungsi ginjal terkait antibiotik (OR 8,6), kejadian sepsis (OR 11,16), penggunaan antibiotik inkomplit (OR 10,49), lama perawatan <21 hari (OR 5,16), ukuran vegetasi >10 mm (OR 5,04) dan penggunaan terapi pengganti ginjal (OR4,74). Dilakukan perhitungan untuk skoring prediktor mortalitas intraperawatan. Hasil analisis kurva ROC untuk perhitungan skor prediktor mortalitas intraperawatan didapatkan AUC 0,927; IK 95% 0,886 – 0,968; p < 0,001; H-L 0,610) dengan sensitivitas 89,1%, spesifisitas 84,5%. Kejadian perburukan fungsi ginjal terkait antibiotik berhubungan dengan mortalitas intraperawatan dengan OR 8,6.

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious health problem with high incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates. Intrahospital antibiotic-related worsening of renal function occurs quite frequently and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between antibiotic-related worsening of kidney function and intrahospital mortality in left-sided IE patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 315 patients with active IE on the left side of the heart from January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2023. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine predictors of intrahospital mortality, long-term mortality, length of stay, and the need for renal replacement therapy. There were 315 patients with active IE on the left side of the heart, of whom 169 had antibiotic-related worsening of kidney function, and 146 did not. The intrahospital mortality rate was 20.3%, whereas the intrahospital mortality rate was 34.9% in patients with worsening kidney function due to antibiotics. According to multivariate analysis, factors associated with intra-treatment mortality were antibiotic-related worsening of kidney function (OR 8.6, p=0.001), incidence of sepsis (OR 11.16, p=<0.001), incomplete use of antibiotics (OR 10.49, p=<0.001), length of stay <21 days (OR 5.16, p=0.003), vegetation size >10 mm (OR 5.04, p=0.006), and use of renal replacement therapy (OR 4.74, p=0.008). We obtained the predictor score for intrahospital mortality. The results of the ROC curve analysis for calculating intrahospital mortality predictor scores showed an AUC of 0.927 (95% CI 0.886–0.968; p < 0.001; H-L 0.610) with a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specificity of 84.5%. Worsening kidney function related to antibiotics was associated with intrahospital mortality."

"Latar Belakang: Endokarditis Infektif (EI) dalam 3 dekade terakhir masih memiliki insidensi, beban morbiditas, dan mortalitas yang tinggi, mencapai 30% dalam 1 tahun. Beragam predisposisi insiden EI menunjukkan perubahan seiring dengan perkembangan tatalaksana dan tindakan medis yang seringkali menjadi pemicu baru EI itu sendiri.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor prediktor mortalitas dan luaran klinis pasien EI aktif sisi jantung kiri dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini juga menjadi penelitian awal untuk mengetahui model prediktor stratifikasi risiko pasien EI aktif sisi jantung kiri di Indonesia.Metode: Dilakukan studi kohort retrospektif terhadap 376 pasien yang mengalami EI aktif sisi jantung kiri pada periode 1 Januari 2013 – 31 Desember 2022. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi prediktor luaran klinis jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Dilakukan juga pembuatan sistem skor prediktor mortalitas awal untuk pasien EI aktif.Hasil: Terdapat 376 pasien EI aktif sisi jantung kiri yang kemudian mendapatkan tatalaksana antibiotik serta menjalani operasi sebanyak 56,6% pasien. Studi ini menunjukkan angka mortalitas jangka pendek sebesar 18,6% dan mortalitas jangka panjang 13,2%. Selain itu, didapatkan pula profil morbiditas selama perawatan fase aktif dengan kejadian sepsis 27,1%, perawatan ruang intensif >10 hari 18,6%, penggunaan ventilator mekanik >7 hari 11,4%, kejadian stroke sebanyak 28,5%, dan gagal ginjal akut 57,7%. Studi ini juga menunjukkan model awal skor prediktor mortalitas jangka pendek dan jangka panjang pada studi ini didapatkan berturut-turut dengan AUC 0,935 (IK95% 0,902 – 0,969; p <0,001; uji H-L 0,386) dan AUC 0,733 (IK95% 0,614 – 0,852; p <,001; uji H-L 0,530).Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor prediktor luaran mortalitas jangka pendek pasien EI aktif sisi jantung kiri meliputi kapasitas fungsional NYHA kelas III-IV, keterlibatan vegetasi katup aorta, ukuran vegetasi >10mm, penggunaan antibiotik inkomplit, sepsis, dan penggunaan terapi pengganti ginjal. Sementara itu, prediktor luaran mortalitas jangka panjang meliputi tidak dilakukannya prosedur operasi, komplikasi paravalvular, serta infeksi Streptoccocus non-viridans.

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Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) in the last 3 decades still has a high incidence, burden of morbidity, and mortality reaching 30% in 1 year. Various predispositions for IE incidents show changes along with developments in medical management and actions which often become new triggers for IE itself.

Objective: This study aims to identify predictors for mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with active left-sided IE in short-term and long term. This study is also initial research to determine the risk stratification predictor model for patients with active IE on the left side of the heart in Indonesia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 376 patients who experienced active left- sided IE in the period 1 January 2013 – 31 December 2022. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to identify predictors of short-term and long-term clinical outcomes. Mortality risk predictor score model was also created for active IE patients.

Results: There were 376 active left-sided IE patients who then received antibiotic treatment and 56.6% of the patients underwent surgery. This study showed a short-term mortality rate of 18.6% and a long-term mortality rate of 13.2%. Apart from that, the morbidity profile during the active phase of treatment was also obtained with the incidence of sepsis in 27.1% cases, intensive care > 10 days in 18.6% cases, use of mechanical ventilators > 7 days in 11.4% cases, stroke incidence in 28.5% cases, and acute renal failure in 57.7% cases. This study also shows initial model of short- term and long-term mortality predictor score respectively with AUC 0,935 (95%CI 0,902 – 0,969; p <0,001; H-L test 0,386) and AUC 0,733 (95%CI 0,614 – 0,852; p <,001; H-L test 0,530).

Conclusion: Predictors for short-term mortality outcomes in patients with active left-sided IE include NYHA class III-IV functional capacity, involvement of aortic valve vegetation, vegetation size >10mm, incomplete use of antibiotics, sepsis, and use of renal replacement therapy. Meanwhile, predictors of long-term mortality outcomes include not having a surgical procedure, paravalvular complications, and Streptoccocus non-viridans infection."