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Abstrak :
Antibiotik golongan sefalosporin menjadi salah satu solusi terhadap resistensi antibiotik, terutama golongan penisilin. Konversi sefalosprorin C (CPC) menjadi 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), yang merupakan inti aktif sefalosporin, dapat dilakukan menggunakan bantuan enzim D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) yang dihasilkan oleh Trigonopsis variabilis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pemanfaatan sirup gula singkong sebagai sumber karbon alternatif, memperoleh kondisi optimum untuk produksi enzim DAAO menggunakan sirup gula singkong, serta karakterisasi enzim DAAO yang dihasilkan. Produksi DAAO dilakukan dengan fermentasi menggunakan kultur kocok yang diawali dengan skrining konsentrasi sirup gula singkong dan dilanjutkan dengan optimisasi, purifikasi dan karakterisasi enzim hasil purifikasi. Optimisasi dilakukan melalui skrining Plackett-Burman dan Response Surface Method. Karakterisasi pengaruh pH dan suhu, serta kinetika enzim dilakukan terhadap enzim DAAO yang telah dipurifikasi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa sirup gula singkong dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon alternatif. Hasil optimisasi proses fermentasi menggunakan kultur kocok diperoleh bahwa konsentrasi sirup gula singkong dan DL-alanin serta waktu fermentasi merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi DAAO dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 12.3% dan 0.3% selama 56.1 jam akan menghasilkan enzim dengan aktivitas spesifik sebesar 195.3826 U/g. Enzim DAAO yang dihasilkan memiliki suhu dan pH optimum berturut-turut 4 - 10°C dan 8, serta nilai Vmax sebesar 0.007 µmol/menit dan KM sebesar 78 mM.

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The antibiotic of cephalosprorin groups become one of the solution to the antibiotic resistance, especially penicillin groups. Conversion of Cephalosporin C into 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), which is an active core of the cephalosporin groups, can be performed using D-amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis. The study was to aimed to analyze the usage of Cassava glucose syrups as an altenative carbon source; to obtain the optimum conditions in the production of DAAO using Cassava glucose syrup; and to obtain the characterization of the products. DAAO production was done by shaking culture fermentation which started with screening of cassava sugar syrup concentration and continued with optimization, purification and characterization of purified enzyme. Optimization is done by using Plackett-Burman screening and Response Surface Method. Characterization of the effect of pH and temperature, and also enzyme kinetics is done on purified DAAO. Optimization is done using Plackett-Burman screening and Response Surface Method. The characterization of the temperature, pH and kinetic parameters was carried out on the purified products. Based on this study, it is known that Cassava glucose syrup can be use as an alternative carbon source. The result of optimization using culture shake was found that the concentration of cassava glucose syrup and DL-alanine and also incubation periods were influencing factors with consecutive concentration was 12.3% and 0.3% for 56.1 hours, will produce enzyme with specific activity 195.3826 U / g.The products has an optimum temperature and pH was 4 - 10 ° C and 8, Vmax value was 0.007 µmol / min and a KM was 78 mM.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya jumlah pasien asma yang tidak terkontrol di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan masih cukup banyak. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk lebih menggambarkan tingkat kontrol pasien asma dan mencari hubungan dengan berbagai faktor risiko yang ada. Metode. Pasien asma persisten yang memenuhi syarat penelitian dikumpulkan sejak Mei 2011 sampai Nopember 2011 kemudian diidentifikasi faktor risiko yang dimiliki. Tingkat kontrol asma diukur menggunakan ACT dan tingkat morbiditas diukur dengan Revised Jones Morbidity Index. Pengukuran kembali dilakukan setiap tiga bulan sampai genap setahun evaluasi. Setelah genap setahun evaluasi akan dinilai hubungan antara nilai ACT dengan faktor risiko serta hubungan antara nilai ACT dengan nilai Revised Jones morbidity index. Hasil. Sampel yang berhasil diikuti sampai satu tahun sebanyak 280 pasien. Prosentase asma terkontrol penuh pada evaluasi bulan ke-0,3,6,9 dan 12 berturut-turut adalah 8,57; 6,79; 11,79; 10,71; 13,93%. Sedangkan asma terkontrol sebagian berturut-turut 27,86; 32,50; 32,50; 36,07; 46,79% dan asma tidak terkontrol berturut-turut 63,57; 60,71; 55,71; 53,22; 39,28. Nilai ACT yang meningkat didapatkan pada 191 pasien (68,2%), tetap atau stabil pada 36 pasien (12,9%) dan menurun pada 53 pasien (18,9%). Nilai ACT yang menurun berhubungan secara bermakna dengan faktor risiko riwayat atopi pada pasien (p = 0,042) dan alergen inciter (p = 0,004). Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara nilai ACT dengan nilai Revised Jones Morbidity Index pada tiap waktu evaluasi dengan koefisien korelasi (r) di bulan ke-0,3,6,9 dan 12 berturut-turut 0,808; 0,815; 0,851; 0,872; 0,902 dengan nilai p yang sama yaitu 0,000. Kesimpulan. Secara umum tingkat kontrol asma pada pasien asma di poli asma RSP membaik.Nilai ACT yang menurun berhubungan secara bermakna dengan riwayat atopi pada pasien dan alergen inciter.Terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara nilai ACT dengan nilai Revised Jones Morbidity Index. ......Background. Our previous studyshowed that there were still a lot of uncontroled asthma patients in asthma outpatient clinic Persahabatan Hospital, with unknown cause. In this study we elaborate whether morbidity and risk factors can be modified in order to achieve the control status. Methods, The subjects of this study are all asthma patient in asthma outpatient clinic in Persahabatan Hospital from May 2011 to November 2011 (six month period) and signed the informed consent. All eligible subjects will interviewed to identify the risk factors including inducer and inciter of asthma. Asthma control status measure using Asthma Control Test (ACT) and degree of morbidity measure using Revised Jones Morbidity Index. Evaluation were done every three months. After complete one year of evaluation, the correlation between change tendency of asthma control status and risk factors will analyze using Chi Square test. The correlation between ACT value and Revised Jones morbidity index value will analyze using Spearman test. Result. 313 patients were enrolled and 33 patients were excluded because lost of contact, and 280 patients were complete evaluate for 12 month. Full asthma control at 0,3,6,9 and 12 month of evaluation were 8,57; 6,79; 11,79; 10,71; 13,93% respectively. Partial control at 0,3,6,9 and 12 month of evaluation were 27,86; 32,50; 32,50; 36,07; 46,79% respectively. The uncontrolled asthma at 0,3,6,9 and 12 month of evaluation were 63,57; 60,71; 55,71; 53,22; 39,28. Asthma control status was getting better in 191 patients (68,2%), stable in 36 patients (12,9%) and worsened in 53 patients (18,9%). The worsening asthma control status has significant correlation with patient’s atopic history (p = 0,042) and alergen as inciter (p = 0,004). There are significan correlation with strong coefficient of correlation ( r ) between the value of ACT and Revised Jones Morbidity Index that found in every time of evaluation (0,3,6,9 and 12 month) with the value of r were 0,808; 0,815; 0,851; 0,872; 0,902 respectively with the same p value (0,000). Conclusion. Overall,Patient’s asthma control status in asthma clinic Persahabatan Hospital after 12 month of evaluation was getting better. The worsening one were significant associated with patient’s atopic history and alergen as inciter. There is strong correlation between the value of ACT and Revised Jones Morbidity Index.