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"AbstrakIndonesia security setor reform (SSR) Effort has produced some fruitful outcomest, nameli the anolishment of the indonesia millitary direct participation in politicts, separation of the police force from the armed forces and the revocarion of the dual function doctrin, to name a few. yet since the ratification of law on indonesia military in 2004. additional efforts of ssr have ben thrown into the backburner. since 2004, attempts to profesionalise the military have been focusing on arms modernisation and improvement of military personnel welfare such as increased training and educational opportunities, as well as housing allocation for military personnel instead of addresing several unfiished reform agendas, namely the subordination of the tni under the ministry of defence , territorial command reform and military secondment to non military affairs/posts, among others. this article attempts to analyse how western developed ssr policy intiatives were introduced in indonesia and how the ssr agendas were eventually neglected.finally, this article will reflect on the lessons learned from the introduction of ssr concept in indonesia to understand its trajectory"

"Aktifitas untuk mewujudkan keadaan aman dan sejahtera bangsa Indonesia untuk menjamin kelangsungan hidupnya menuju kejayaan bangsa dan negara adalah pembangunan unsur-unsur ketahanan nasional secara sinergis. Pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan dan TNI sebagai komponen utamanya dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan keamanan nasional. Tetapi pembangunan sebagai implementasi Konsep Ketahanan Nasional hasilnya dapat mendua yakni meningkatkan ketahanan nasional atau sebaliknya menjadi ironi, biaya dan alokasi sumberdaya untuk pembangunan tidak sebanding dengan manfaatnya. TNI sebagai komponen utama kekuatan pertahanan didukung empat industri farmasi untuk memberikan pelayanan dan dukungan bekal kesehatan dalam implementasi kebijakan pertahanan. Masalahnya masih banyak prajurit yang sakit di daerah operasi, ada keluhan pelayanan dan dukungan obat, tidak bermanfaatnya inovasi, sementara itu pembangunan dan pengembangan industri farmasi terns dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keberadaan industri farmasi TN1 mengenai efisiensi dan efektifitasnya untuk kepentingan pertahanan dalam rangka ketahanan nasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran data dan survey. Penelusuran data dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data input dan output industri farmasi TNI serta kebutuhan obat di lingkungan TNI. Survei dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data kepentingan pengguna produk terhadap kinerja industri farmasi TNI. Teknik analisis efisiensi berdasarkan perbandingan nilai output terhadap nilai input dan penggunaan kapasitas produksi setiap tahun, mulai tahun 2000-2004. Analisis efektifitas berdasarkan perbandingan nilai output terhadap kebutuhan bekal obat dan perbandingan kepentingan pengguna produk terhadap kinerja industri farmasi TNI. Hasilnya menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi ekonomi dan teknis tahun 2000-2004 berfluktuasi masing-masing berkisar 30 -155% dan 5 - 62%, umumnya tingkat efisiensi kurang dari 100%. Tingkat efisiensi bergantung pada kebijakan penentuan jenis dan kuantitas produksi, semakin besar kuantitas produksi dan jenis produknya bernilai ekonomi tinggi semakin meningkat efisiensi. Rendahnya kuantitas produksi dan rendahnya nilai ekonomi produk menimbulkan rendahnya efisiensi. Hasil produksi hanya memberi kontribusi kurang dari 50% kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan, dan ironisnya kebijakan produksi belum diarahkan untuk kepentingan dukungan operasi militer, sehingga kapasitas produksi banyak menganggur. Hasil survei kepentingan pada 118 tenaga medis menunjukkan kepentingan obat untuk dukungan operasi militer, distribusi, pemanfaatan produk, teknologi dan mutu bahan baku perlu diperhatikan dan ditingkatkan. Berdasarkan kondisi belum efektif dan belum efisien, analisis kekuatan dan kelemahan menunjukkan industri farmasi TNI lemah dan terancam yang disebabkan kebijakan suprasistem yang belum memberdayakannya sesuai tujuan dan kapasitas pembangunannya. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan dari sudut pandang implementasi kebijakan pertahanan dan ketahanan nasional, keberadaan industri farmasi TN1 belum efektif dan belum efisien, Iemah dan terancam. Untuk itu disarankan, dalam jangka pendek ada kebijakan pemberdayaan kemampuan produksi dan distribusinya. Dalam jangka panjang industri farmasi TNI direvitalisasi dan diintegrasikan oleh Departemen Pertahanan R1 agar efisien dan efektif melayani kepentingan pertahanan dan kepentingan nasional di bidang kesehatan.

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The activity to implement the National Resilience Concept to provide national security and prosperity is synergistic development of national power elements. The main objective of development of the Indonesian Military (TNI) as the core of national defense force is to provide national security. The result of development as the implementation of National Resilience Concept may be ambiguous namely to improve the national resilience or it may be irony. The expense and allocation of resource for the development is not balance with the benefit thereof. Indonesian Military as the core of defense force is supported by four pharmacy industries to provide the service and medical support in implementing the defense policy However there are still many sick warriors in operation area, complaint on service and medicine support, the absence of benefit on innovation while the pharmacy industry building and development are continuously made. The objective of this research is to analyze the existence of the Indonesian Military pharmacy industry. It is focused on its efficiency and effectiveness for the interest of the national defense and security. The method of this research is data research and survey. The analysis on efficiency is based on the ratio of output value to input value and the use of annual production capacity, as of 2000-2004. Meanwhile the analysis on effectiveness is based on the ratio of output value to the need of medicine and findings of survey of the interest of the users of Indonesian Military pharmacy industry products. The findings there of indicate that the economical and technical efficiency level of 2000-2004 fluctuates around respectively 30-155% and -62% and generally speaking the efficiency level is less than 100%. The efficiency level depends on the policy on production type and quantity determination. The higher the production quantity and economic value of product type, the higher the efficiency. The low production quantity and economic value of product result in the low efficiency. The production contributes only less than 50% of the need of medical service and ironically the production policy is not yet directed to the interest of support for military operation, so that many production capacities are not utilized. The findings of survey on 118 medical workers indicate that it is necessary to take into account and improve the medicine interest to support the military operation, distribution, product utilization, technology and raw material quality. The analysis on strength and weakness indicates that Indonesian Military pharmacy industry is still weak and threatened because of the supra system policy that does not empower it in accordance with the objective and capacity of development. The conclusion of this research indicate that the existence of Indonesian Military pharmacy industry in implementation of defense policy and national resilience is not effective and efficient, weak and is threatened. In short term it requires the empowerment policy to utilize production capacity and product distribution to provide medical support and medical service. 1n long term it is suggested that the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia should revitalize and integrate it for efficiency and effectiveness of national interest and defense interest in medical sector."

"Kondisi hipoksia bagi penerbang merupakan ancaman bahaya yang selalu ada meskipun dengan pesawat kabin bertekanan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko hipoksia pada penerbang militer Indonesia. Penelitian ini memakai desain potong lintang dengan consecutive sampling pada penerbang militer Indonesia yang melaksanakan indoktrinasi dan latihan aerofisiologi ILA selama bulan Juni 2017 di Lakespra Saryanto Jakarta. Sebanyak 120 subjek didapatkan selama penelitian ini. Hipoksia ditandai dengan Waktu Sadar Efektif WSE < 4 menit saat latihan di Ruang Udara Bertekanan Rendah RUBR dengan ketinggian 25000 kaki.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fatigue, kesamaptaan dan ketahanan kardiovaskular VO2max tidak menunjukan hubungan yang bermaknan dengan WSE p>0,05. Pada penelitian ini dapatkan total jam terbang dan kebiasaan merokok sebagai faktor dominan. Subjek yang memiliki total jam terbang ge; 1000 jam memiliki risiko WSE < 4 menit 2,6 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan total jam terbang < 1000 jam [ORa= 2,65; IK 95 = 1,21-5,78; p= 0,014]. Subjek yang merokok memiliki risiko WSE < 4 menit lebih rendah 63 dibandingkan dengan yang tidak merokok [ORa= 0,37; IK 95 = 0,14-0,95; p= 0,039]. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Fatigue, kesamaptaan dan ketahanan kardiovaskular tidak berhubungan dengan hipoksia yang ditandai oleh waktu sadar efektif. Total jam terbang ge; 1000 jam meningkatkan risiko WSE < 4 menit, sedangkan merokok menurunkan risiko WSE < 4 menit.

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Hypoxic condition for pilots are an ever present threat of dangers even with pressurized cabin aircraft. The purpose of this study to determine the risk factors of hypoxia in Indonesia military pilots. This study used cross sectional design with consecutive sampling on Indonesia military pilots who carried out indoctrination and aerophysiology exercise during the month of June 2017 at Lakespra Saryanto Jakarta. 120 subjects were obtained during the study. Hypoxia is characterized by Time of Useful Consciousness TUC 4 minutes during exercise in the hypobaric chamber at 25000 feet chamber altitude.

The results showed that fatigue,physicall fitness and cardiovascular endurance VO2max did not show a meaningful relationship with TUC p 0.05. In this study, total flying hours and smoking habits were found as dominant factor. Compared to 1000 hours of total flying hours, subjects with a total flying hours ge 1000 hours were 2.6 times higher risk to have TUC 4 minutes ORa 2,65 CI 95 1,21 5,78 p 0,014. Compared to non smokers, smoker subjects were 63 lower risk to have TUC 4 minutes ORa 0,37 CI 95 0,14 0,95 p 0,039. In conclusion Fatigue, physicall fitness and cardiovascular endurance are not associated with hypoxia characterized by time of useful consciousness. Total flight hours ge 1000 hours increase risk for TUC 4 minutes, while smoking decrease risk for TUC 4 minutes."

"Skripsi ini membahas Pastur Militer, sebuah peran yang menempatkan individu dalam dua institusi total. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mengungkap peran Pastur Militer di dalam TNI dan Gereja, sembari melihat relasi di antara kedua institusi tersebut menggunakan studi pustaka. Subyek penelitian studi kasus ini adalah seorang Pastur Militer di lingkungan TNI AU. Setelah menyelesaikan pendidikan imamat, beliau melanjutkan ke dalam pendidikan militer. Data yang ditemukan menggambarkan bahwa dalam banyak hal, ternyata militer dan Gereja memiliki karakteristik yang serupa sehingga melatar-belakangi relasi yang tercipta. Dinamika relasi kedua institusi tersebut dalam koteks Indonesia ikut menggeser perubahan fungsi Pastur Militer. Pada level individu, diketahui bahwa peran ganda subyek penelitian ini telah dan masih berpotensi menimbulkan konflik peran, walaupun pada lain pihak habitus yang muncul justru membangun sebuah karakteristik khas seorang Pastur Militer di Indonesia.

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This thesis elaborates the Catholic Chaplaincy, a role that puts a person at two total institutions. This research used qualitative approach to uncover the role of Military Priest within the military base and as well the Church, while looking at the relation between the two institutions aforementioned using literature research. The subject of this case study is a military priest in the Air Force. After completing the education from seminary as well teological studies, he went into the military academy. The data found is this research suggest that in many cases, it turns out the military and the church have same characteristics that allowed the relation to be established between them. The dynamics upon this relation triggered the role shift for the Military Priest. Moving focus at the individual extent, we will see how the multiple roles for the Priest increase the possibility of a role conflict to occurs, while on the other hand, his habitus creates a new characteristic as a priest and soldier."