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Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan suatu studi etnoekologi untuk mengungkap hubungan suku asli di sekitar kawasan Taman Nasional Wasur (TNW) dengan lanskap budaya mereka melalui tiga sumbu pendekatan etnoekologi yaitu kosmos (sistem kepercayaan), corpus (pengetahuan ekologis), dan praxis (pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya). Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui kombinasi metode ekologi, antropologi, dan linguistik. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-struktural, diskusi kelompok terfokus (DKT), metode distribusi kerikil, dan survei lapangan dengan teknik walktransect and free-listing serta observasi bebas. Hasil studi mengungkapkan bahwa suku asli di sekitar kawasan TNW memiliki dasar penguasaan lanskap budaya yang diinisiasi oleh kosmos yang juga mempengaruhi corpus serta praxis. Corpus suku asli di sekitar kawasan TNW tentang etnoekotop (satuan-satuan lanskap utama) menunjukan kesamaan konsep berdasarkan fisiografi kawasan yang sama dari dataran rendah aluvial yang secara musiman dipengaruhi genangan air. Corpus suku asli tentang asosiasi vegetasi dengan masing-masing etnoekotop diidentifikasi secara perseptual berdasarkan persepsi budaya dan alamiah berdasarkan indikator spesies. Praxis suku asli dipengaruhi oleh kosmos melalui hubungan Dema-totem-klan yaitu suatu struktur dasar komunitas suku asli yang berhubungan dengan mitologi asal-usul yang mengatur pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati sehingga terbentuk suatu tatanan kehidupan yang harmonis. Praxis suku asli juga dipengaruhi kosmos dengan adanya penentuan areal-areal sakral, sistem sasi (sar), dan aktivitas budidaya tumbuhan simbolik. Dalam hubungan budaya dengan lingkungan, aktivitas subsisten suku asli tidak secara mutlak dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Mereka mampu mengembangkan teknologi adaptasi melalui pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari pemahaman tentang alam lingkungan mereka An ethnoecological study has been carried out to reveal the relationship of indigenous tribes around the Wasur National Park (WNP) area with their cultural landscape through three axes of an ethnoecological approach, namely kosmos (belief system), corpus (ecological knowledge), and praxis (resource management and utilization). The data in this study were obtained through a combination of ecological, anthropological, and linguistic methods. Data collection was obtained through semi-structural interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), pebble distribution methods (PDM), and field surveys using walk-transect and free-listing techniques as well as free observation. The results of the study reveal that the indigenous tribes around the WNP area have a basic mastery of the cultural landscape initiated by the kosmos which also affects the corpus and praxis. The corpus of indigenous tribes around the WNP area regarding ethnoecotopes (main landscape units) shows a similarity in concept based on the physiography of the same area of the alluvial lowlands which are seasonally influenced by waterlogging. Indigenous corpus about vegetation association with each ethnoecotope identified perceptually based on cultural and natural perceptions based on species indicators. Indigenous Praxis is influenced by the kosmos through the Dema-totem-clan relationship, which is a basic structure of indigenous tribal communities associated with the mythology of origins which regulates the management and use of biological resources so as to form a harmonious life order. Indigenous praxis is also influenced by the kosmos by determining sacred areas, the sasi system (sar), and symbolic plant cultivation activities. In the relationship between culture and environment, the subsistence activities of indigenous people are not absolutely influenced by the environment. They are able to develop adaptation technologies through knowledge gained from an understanding of their natural environment.