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"This text helps your students hone their creative skills and apply those skills to solve nearly any problem. Drawing on National Science Foundation-funded, advanced research that studied problem-solving techniques in all areas of modern industry, the book presents a comprehensive, systematic problem-solving framework. Through hands-on techniques and exercises drawing on realistic examples, students will learn how to approach an ill-defined problem, identify the real problem, generate and implement the best solution, evaluate what you learn, and build on that knowledge."

""This book, the first in a new series that focuses on treaty implementation for sustainable development, examines key legal aspects of implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at national and international levels. The volume provides a serious contribution to the current legal and political academic debates on biosafety by discussing key issues under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety that affect the further design of national and international law on biosafety, and analyzing recent progress in the development of domestic regulatory regimes for biosafety. It also examines the legal, political, economic, and practical challenges and solutions encountered in recent efforts to develop and implement domestic biosafety regulations, with a focus on developing countries. In the year of the fifth UN Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, at the signature of a new Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Protocol on Liability and Redress, this timely book examines recent developments in biosafety law and policy"--"

"Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Pusat membuat program JPKM bagi pelayanan kesehatan karyawannya. Salah satu tujuan pengelolaan kesehatan karyawan RSIJ melalui program JPKM adalah mengendalikan biaya pelayanan kesehatan karyawan, namun terjadi peningkatan biaya kesehatan karyawan RSI Jakarta Pusat pada tahun 2001 sebesar 77,88%, sedangkan peningkatan jumlah peserta RSI Jakarta Pusat 1,69%, inflasi harga obat 12,19%, inflasi jasa pelayanan kesehatan 12,88% dan inflasi secara umum 12,55 %.Beberapa pertanyaan penelitian muncul yaitu a) bagaimana pengendalian biaya dilaksanakan oleh bapeI JPKM PT Ruslam pada pelayanan kesehatan pegawai RSI Jakarta Pusat pada tahun 2001? dan b) komponen apa saja yang menyebabkan peningkatan biaya pelayanan kesehatan pegawai RSI Jakarta Pusat pada tahun 2001 ?Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian operasional dengan analisa kualitatif eksploratif untuk menganalisa aspek pengendalian biaya bapeI JPKM PT Ruslam. Tempat penelitian di bapel PT Ruslam dan RS. Islam Jakarta Pusat pada bulan Desember 2002 dan Januari 2003. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara informan yaitu : pejabat, staf dan pelaksana yang terlibat dalam pengendalian biaya pelayanan kesehatan karyawan RS.Islam Jakarta Pusat sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan dan dokumen yang berkaitan dengan proses pengendalian biaya pelayanan kesehatan.Dari hasil penelitian penulis menemukan bahwa cara pembayaran kepada PPK untuk rawat jalan memakai cara fee for service dan untuk rawat inap paket, adanya peningkatan biaya obat rawat jalan sebesar 86,95 % dari keseluruhan peningkatan biaya, bapel belum mempunyai kegiatan promotif, melakukan cost sharing untuk pelayanan di luar standar dan belum melaksanakan utilisasi review untuk jaminan rawat inap.Hal tersebut menunjukkan pengendalian biaya yang dilaksanakan bapel JPKM PT Ruslam kurang baik, sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan peningkatan biaya kesehatan karyawan RSIJ tahun 2001 berhubungan dengan kurang baiknya pengendalian biaya bapel JPKM PT Ruslam.Penulis memberikan saran penyamaan persepsi pentingnya pengendalian biaya kesehatan karyawan RSIJ antara bapel, RSIJ, dokter dan karyawan RSIJ, komilmen bapel, PPK peserta dan dokter untuk mengendalikan biaya pelayanan kesehatan, melakukan pembayaran PPK secara praupaya, sanksi berupa tidak diberikannya jaminan bagi peserta dan PPK yang tidak mentaati standard pelayanan, insentif bagi dokter karyawan,dokter spesialis dan peserta, melakukan program promotif, melakukan cost sharing untuk rawat jaian dan obat, bapel JPKM PT Ruslam memiliki sistem informasi manajemen.,melaksanakan kajian utilisasi dan membuat laporan pelaksanaan pengelolaan kesehatan karyawan RSIJ Pusat kepada Yayasan RSIJ,Daftar bacaan : 29 (1966-2002)

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Relationship between Cost Control of Implementing Body (Bapel) of JPKM PT RusIam with Increase of Health Cost among Workers in Islamic Hospital, Central Jakarta, 2001Islamic Hospital in Central Jakarta had developed a JPKM program for its worker's health care. One of the objectives is to control worker's health care cost. However, there was an increase in health cost of health cost among workers of the hospital in the year 2001 as many as 77.88%, while the increase of participant is of 1.69%, drugs price inflation of 12.19, health care service inflation of 12.88% and general inflation of 12.55%.Several research questions aroused including a) how was the implementation of cost control conducted by Bapel JPKM of PT Ruslam to Islamic Hospital workers' health care in the year 2001?; and b) what component caused the increase of health service cost among Islamic Hospital workers in 2001?The study is operational research with explorative qualitative analysis to analyze cost control of Bapel JPKM of PT Ruslam. The study was conducted in PT Ruslam and Islamic Hospital in December 2002 to January 2003. Primary data was obtained through interview with informants including high management, staff, and implementer involved in the health care cost control of Islamic Hospital while secondary data gathered through report and document related to the health care cost control.The study found that fee for service payment method was employed for outside hospital care and for package of inside hospital care; there was an increase of drug's cost for outside hospital care of 86.95% out of total increase of cost; the Bapel had no promotion activity; implementing cost sharing for care outside the standard and not yet conducting utilization review for inside hospital insurance.The above-mentioned findings exhibited a rather poor cost control conducted by Bapcl JPKM of PT Ruslam. Thus, it could be concluded that the increase of health cost of Islamic Hospital workers was related to poor cost control conducted by BapeI JPKM of PT Ruslam.It is, then, suggested to adjusting to similar perception on the importance of health cost control of Islamic Hospital workers among Bapel, Islamic Hospital Management and workers as well as commitment from all to control the health care cost, implementing, the payment before hand, implementing sanctions for out of standard practices by not providing the insurance, providing incentives for physicians, specialists, and member, conducting promotion activities, implementing cost sharing for outside hospital care and drugs, establishing management information system in Bapel JPKM of PT Ruslam, conducting utilization review, and reporting the implementation of health care management of Islamic Hospital workers to Yayasan RSIJ as owner.References: 29 (1966-2002)"

"Penelitian ini berfokus di Lembaga Pemasyarkatan Klas I Cipinang tentang kendala-kendala dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan pemberian pembebasan bersyarat, yaitu semenjak diusulkan clan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan hingga diterbitkannya Surat Keputusan Pembebasan Bersyarat dart Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 (orang) petugas di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Cipinang, 6 (enam) narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Cipinang, 2 (dua) orang petugas di Kantor Wilayah DKI Jakarta, 5 (orang) petugas di Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan, 1 (satu) orang staf pada Balai Pemasyarakatan, 1 (satu) orang petugas di Kejaksaan Negeri, dan 2 (dua) orang penjamin narapidana. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, sedangkan analisis dilakukan dengan merujuk pada standar dan pendapat para peneliti di bidang information literacy.Dari analisis terhadap hasil wawancara, disimpulkan bahwa : 1) Proses pengusulan untuk memperoleh pembebasan bersyarat bagi narapidana, masih belum dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang dialur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.; 2) Kebijakan pentahapan dalam proses pemberian pembebasan bersyarat pada kenyataannya membutuhkan wakiu yang cukup Iama; 3) Hambalan dalam proses pemberian pembebasan bersyarat sudah sangat kompleks, kendala yang dihadapi bukan saja pada permasalahan SDM petugas Pemasyarakatan, namun juga terkendala pada ketidak konsistenan dalam menerapkan kebijakan yang ada terutama masalah mekanisme teknis maupun substantif dalam pemberian pembebasan bersyarat; 4) Kendala lain yang menjadi penghambat dalam proses pemberian PB adalah kurangnya kepedulian instansi terkait yang masih menekankan pada kebijakan masing-masing, Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa Pemerintah dalam hal ini Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan harus memberikan penekanan kepada seluruh Kepala Lembaga Pemasyarakatan melaui kebijakannya untuk mewajibkan pembuatan Lilmas awal bagi narapidana, mengingat Litmas awal merupakan kunci dalam meningkatkan kualitas maupun kuantitas pemberian pembebasan bersyarat; perlu adanya perbaikan regulasi yang mengatur tentang penyederhanaan proses pemberian pembebasan bersyarat, terutama dalam hal pentahapan atau hirarki; Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan harus menelapkan kebijakan program non fsik terutama peningkatan pengetahuan dan pendidikan kepada petugas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan maupun Balai Pemasyarakatan mengenai program pembinaan integrasi, salah satunya pemberian pembebasan bersyarat; melakukan pendekatan serta koordinasi kepada inslansi terkait yang diawali dengan diskusi untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pemberian PB.

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This research is focused on the Cipinang Correctional Institution Class I, concerning to the obstacles of the policy implementation of parole granting, from first process until the prisoner received the verdict from the Authority. It is also include the qualitative research in description design.Five informants in this research are 5 (five) Cipinang Correctional officers, 2 (two) officers from Ministry of Law and Human Rights district office in DKI Jakarta, and 6 (six) prisoners, 5 (five) Directorate General of Correctional officers, I (one) Parole Board, I (one) prosecutor from Attorney General, and 2(two) bailsman. Data is collected by deep interview; the analysis is referred to standard and opinions from researcher in information literacy field.From analyzing of the interview results, it concludes: 1) The granting process of the parole for the prisoner is remain out of procedures and not follow the existing policy which are regulated in law; 2) The stage policy in processing the parole granted is need long term; 3) Obstacles is more complex, such as correctional human resources, it also faces inconsistency of policy implemented especially the technical mechanism and substantial problem; 4) Other obstacles is the lack of awareness of the other government authority who claim only their own policy. This research suggests that the correctional authority should emphasize on compulsory to the whole correctional institution to implement social research at the first time the prisoner enter the institution. The social research is the key for the development of the parole quality and quantity; Directorate General should make a policy in building program, particularly the prison officer knowledge and education for the Correctional Institution and Parole Board about integration treatment program, like parole granting; approaching and coordination to the other government authorities, which could be started from comprehensive discussion to solve the problem in terms of parole granting."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implementasi sertifikasi guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Palmerah, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori analisis implementasi kebijakan dari George Edward III dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru telah berjalan dengan baik, namun masih ditemukan hambatanhambatan yaitu : kurangnya dana operasional, pola perekrutan staf diserahkan kepada pimpinan seksi masing-masing sehingga dapat terjadi nepotisme, kompetensi staf honorer yang kurang baik, lokasi yang kurang strategis dan tidak adanya pengawas independen dalam pelaksanaan sertifikasi guru. Dengan melihat hasil yang didapat, maka saran untuk pelaksana kebijakan sertifikasi guru adalah dengan meningkatkan dana operasional, merubah pola perekrutan staf menjadi berdasarkan pada latar belakang pendidikan, memberikan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi, memilih lokasi yang strategis dan dibentuknya pengawas independen dalam penlaksanaan sertifikasi guru.

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The focus of this study is about the implementation of teacher's certification in state elementary school on Palmerah Area, West Jakarta. This research using theory of implementing public policy from George Edward III and quantitative approach. The result of this research is the implementation of teachers certification is working well, although there are some obstacles such as insufficient operational fund, recruitment system based on leader of dvision, competence of temporary staff, unstrategic location and there is no legitimate supervisor in implementation of teacher?s certification. There are some recomendation for the obstacles like increasing the operational fund, change the recruitment system based on education, increasing the competence of temporary staff by training programs, find more strategic locations and build legitimate supervisor of the implementation teachers certification."

"ABSTRACT

The competition in the hotel industry is very hostile. This happens because there are many players competing ¡n this industry. Hotels, with or without stars, are trying very hard to boost their market scares through attracting their customers or guests.

Meeting the continuously changing needs and expectations of the customers in the new economy places new demands Ofl the company. They demand immediate response and service with a personal touch. These challenges in the market environment make customer retention and loyalty even more critical for a company?s success.

Though hotels have applied Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategy to cope with their problem, prompt services demanded by customers are sometimes difficult to be delivered. To overcome this difficulty, hotels need to have a CRM with Internet technology, which is known as e-CRM.

The objective of the study is to get insights on the reasons why e-CRM is important to be implemented ¡n a hotel, how e-CRM can help a hotel to achieve its mission, which involves customer acquisition, customer satisfaction and customer retention, and how a hotel can implement e-CRM.

This study is limited only to finding some nsights about e-CRM in the hotel industry. This study ¡s not intended to prove a hypothesis: ?Can e-CRM help hotel bUSjflS?? A more advanced study s required to prove this hypothesis.

When one is seeking insights into the general nature of a problem, the possible decision alternatives, and relevant variables that need to be considered, exploratory research is needed.

The research design is exploratory research, which is carried out first by collecting Secondary Data, then by doing Experience Survey through In-depth interview with experts and hotel management. All information from secondary data collection will be used as fundamental theories to approach the subject researched. Primary data from interviews will be used for understanding the real condition of the hotel Industry. Secondary data and primary data will be reviewed to find some insights and ideas for this research.

e-CRM is important in the hotel industry because of the drivers and the benefits of it. There are two drivers: internal driver and external drivers. Internal driver is the need from a hotel to understand their customers bettor. External drivers are pressures from competition, customers and suppliers.

There are six e-CRM benefits, which are Speed Up Process lnterconnectivity, Storing and Analyzing Large Scale Data, Interactivity, Global Reach and New Channel of Distribution.

There are barriers to implement e-CA M. The barriers are Financial Problem, Cultural barriers, Low Priority Low Personal Touch, Organizational barriers and Technological barriers.

There are four main steps for implementing e-CRM. They are CEO Commitment, e-CRM Grand Strategy CRM Strategy Socializing and the last Technology lmplementation.

Strategies to Overcome the financial problem are using the Application Solution Provider model or establishing a Consortium. For cultural barriers, the strategies are educating employees and practicing external marketing communication. For organizational the strategies are internal marketing communication, and improvement of low level of coordination and communication in all departments. Strategies for low personal touch are combining the e-CRM with the personalized service. Strategies for technological barrier are using the Open Architect System and Web-based model.

Hotels should implement a strategy that focuses on customers, which is known as CRM. If possible, hotels can implement e-CRM. For hotels that haven?t implemented CRM yet, they better start with the CRM implementation first. Hotels recommended to implement e-CRM are hotels, which have hundreds of customers. These kinds of hotels are usually hotels, which belong to group or chain hotels, and are usually with stars. Four-star or five-star hotels are highly recommended to implement e-CRM so that they can serve their customers better and keep up with the competition.

e-CRM is not only about implementing e-CRM software application. To succeed in the implementation and the use of e-CRM, hotels should have CRM mentality, which is to understand and to serve the customers better. This study focuses Ofl the insights of e-CRM In hotel industry. Since this Study focuses only on finding insights without any attempt to prove any hypothesis, a more advanced study should be followed in order to prove some hypothesis and to focus more on the quantitative insights of e-CRM ¡n hotel industry."