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Abstrak :
Concrete is a composite building material. Due to its increasing demand in the construction industry, its basic ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate have become extremely costly. Studies have been carried out to find better and more economical alternatives to these conventional building materials. One such alternative is fly ash, which can be used to partially replace cement. The main disadvantage of conventional concrete is its brittle failure, which can be avoided by using steel fibers. This study identifies the behavior of concrete with regard to impact resistance and its mechanical properties by adding hooked-end steel fibers at levels of 0, 0.75, 1.15 and 1.55% and partially replacing 40% of the cement with 40% fly ash. In addition to the control concrete, there has been four mixes with respective addition of steel fibers. The behavior of normal and fly ash concrete with steel fibers was compared. The combination of fly ash and steel fibers provided a homogeneous and very rich mix, with a delay in the setting time of the concrete. Of all the mixes, the one containing 40% fly ash and 1.55% steel fibers proved to be the best, with a maximum increase in strength of 17% in compression, 25% in split tension, 30% in flexure and 95% in impact energy at 56 days. A multiple linear regression model was also formulated using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software, through which corresponding equations were developed to predict the strength and energy at 28 and 56 days. The equations were also used to predict the strength of the mixes from other researchers’ experimental work. The predicted results corresponded well with the experimental results and the percentage difference was found to be less than 5%.

Abstrak :
Penggunaan bahan yang ramah lingkungan menjadi topik utama peneliti ilmu bahan termasuk pada material komposit. Salah satunya mengganti penggunaan serat sintetis dengan serat alam yang ramah lingkungan dan ketersediaan yang berlimpah serta memiliki kekuatan yang baik. Serat kenaf Sumberejo merupakan salah satu serat alam yang banyak di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh nilai ketahanan impak dan bakar, serta kekerasan papan komposit polipropilena/serat kenaf Sumberejo dan mengetahui golongan kerapatan papan serat menurut SNI 01-4449-2006. Komposit difabrikasi dengan variasi serat kenaf Sumberejo sebesar 30%, 40%, dan 50% fraksi berat yang disusun searah. Sebagai pembanding difabrikasi juga sampel polipropilena murni. Fabrikasi diawali dengan memberi perlakuan alkali pada serat kenaf kemudian difabrikasi dengan metode hot press. Hasil terbaik dimiliki oleh komposit polipropilena/ 50 wt% serat kenaf dengan ketahanan impak yaitu (47,5 ± 10,7) J/cm², laju rambat bakar (7,1±5,1) mm/menit, kekerasan komposit yaitu (66 ± 0,8) HD dengan nilai densitas (1,04±0,01) gr/cm³, maka komposit ini tergolong papan serat kerapatan tinggi. Pengamatan dengan mikroskop optik pada permukaan uji impak adalah serat yang tertarik keluar dan putus, sementara kerusakan akibat uji bakar adalah serat yang hangus terbakar serta sisa polipropilena. Hal ini masing-masing menandakan bahwa serat kenaf Sumberejo berperan sebagai penyerap energi dan penghalang oksigen.

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The use of natural fibers as the filler of  composites whose good strength, ecofriendly, and abundant like kenaf fiber from Sumberejo, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain the value of impact resistance, flammability, and hardness of polypropylene/Sumberejo kenaf fiber composite boards and to classify the dense of the fiber boards accordance to SNI of 01-4449-2006. Composites were fabricated by the variation of unidirectional Sumberejo kenaf fiber, which contents weigth 30%, 40%, and 50%. As comparison, pure polypropylene sample was also fabricated. The fabrication initiated with an alkaline treatment to Sumberejo kenaf fiber then followed by a compression molding method. The best results were obtained from polypropylene / 50 wt%  kenaf fiber composites with impact energy, burn rate, and hardness values were (47.5 ± 10.7) J / cm2, (7.1±5.1) mm/minute, and (66 ± 0.8) HD respectively, with the density of (1.04±0.01) gr/cm³, this compositeclassified as high density fiber board. Optical microscope observation on the impacted surface was fiber pull out and breakage, in which showed the energy of impact was absorbed by kenaf fiber while the burned surface was a burnt kenaf fiber and rest of PP, in which showed the kenaf fiber acted as an oxygen barrier.

Abstrak :
Studi ini meneliti pengaruh filler woven fiberglass terhadap sifat mampu bentuk dan ketahanan benturan lembaran komposit sandwich SS 304/SS 304 wire mesh/SS 304, yang dirancang untuk aplikasi interior pesawat terbang. Komposit dibuat dengan mengapit lapisan wire mesh SS 304 di antara dua lembar SS 304, dengan integrasi filler woven fiberglass. Penilaian kemampuan bentuk, termasuk stretching (LDH), uji stretch-bend, dan hole expansion, mengungkapkan bahwa penggabungan filler fiberglass meningkatkan kemampuan bentuk, sebagaimana dibuktikan dengan peningkatan LDH menjadi 8,8 mm dibandingkan dengan 6 mm untuk komposit tanpa filler. Rasio stretch-bend sebagian besar tidak terpengaruh, dengan nilai 11,834 dan 11,976 untuk kedua konfigurasi, yang menunjukkan bahwa pola anyaman fiberglass terutama meningkatkan ketahanan delaminasi. Pengujian hole expansion menunjukkan peningkatan marjinal pada ketahanan retak tepi, dengan peningkatan rasio hole expansion menjadi 4% dari 3,8% ketika filler digunakan. Dari pengujian impak diketahui peningkatan yang signifikan dalam penyerapan energi untuk komposit yang mengandung filler fiberglass, yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan disipasi energi impak menjadi 6 J dari 4,2 J. Peningkatan ketahanan impak ini sangat penting untuk meminimalkan risiko kegagalan akibat benturan mendadak pada interior pesawat. Dari studi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan filler woven fiberglass pada komposit sandwich SS 304/SS 304 wire mesh/SS 304 meningkatkan sifat mampu bentuk dan ketahanan impak, sehingga cocok untuk aplikasi interior pesawat. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengoptimalkan proses fabrikasi dan menilai kinerja dalam berbagai kondisi. ......This study examines the influence of woven fiberglass filler on the formability and impact resistance of SS 304/SS 304 wire mesh/SS 304 sandwich composite sheets, tailored for aircraft interior applications. The composites are fabricated by sandwiching a layer of SS 304 wire mesh between two SS 304 sheets, with the integration of woven fiberglass filler. Formability assessments, including limiting dome height (LDH), stretch-bend, and hole expansion tests, reveal that incorporating fiberglass filler enhances formability, as evidenced by an increase in LDH to 8.8 mm compared to 6 mm for composites without filler. The stretch-bend ratio remains largely unaffected, with values of 11.834 and 11.976 for both configurations, indicating that the fiberglass weave pattern primarily enhances delamination resistance. Hole expansion tests show a marginal increase in edge cracking resistance, with an increase in hole expansion ratio to 4% from 3.8% when the filler is used. Impact testing highlights a significant improvement in energy absorption for composites containing the fiberglass filler, demonstrated by an increase in impact energy dissipation to 6 J from 4.2 J. These improvements in impact resistance are crucial for minimizing failure risks due to sudden impacts in aircraft interiors. The study concludes that the addition of woven fiberglass filler to SS 304/SS 304 wire mesh/SS 304 sandwich composites substantially improves both formability and impact resistance, making them well-suited for airplane interior applications. Further research is recommended to optimize the fabricatio