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Abstrak :
The cytokine is one of the proteins responsible for the immune system. Several types of cytokines acting as key regulators of infection include IL-10, IL-12, and IL-14. The chemical content of Zingiber cassumunar shows potential immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of Zingiber cassumunar (EEZC) on the expressions of IL-10, IL-12, and IL-14. The test animals were BALB/c mice, which were divided into five groups, i.e., normal group (untreated), negative control group (treated with 10% of tween 80), and three treatment groups that respectively received 1.25 mg, 2.5mg, and 5mg/20g BW of EEZC. The treatment was carried out for 21 days. On the 22ndday, the mice were induced with LPS intraperitoneally (except for the normal group). The interleukin expression was observed by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies, and the expressed cells were counted under a microscope. The administration of EEZC at the doses of 1.25 mg, 2.5mg, and 5mg/20g BW for 21 days increased the expression of IL-10, IL-12, and IL-14 significantly and proportionally to the dose. and suggested the potency of extract to induce both innate and adaptive immunity. This activity may be attributable to curcumin as an active compound in this extract.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Aterosklerosis merupakan proses terjadinya penyempitan dan pengerasan pembuluh darah yang disebabkan oleh penimbunan lemak, terutama dalam pembuluh darah arteri. Pada tahun 2016, tercatat bahwa 35% kematian di Indonesia disebabkan oleh penyakit yang terjadi karena aterosklerosis. Beberapa alternatif penyembuhan aterosklerosis adalah dengan mengkonsumsi obat antiaterosklerosis. Namun, obat anti-aterosklerosis yang telah beredar di masyrakat luas saat ini memiliki efek samping yang cukup mengganggu saat dikonsumsi. Kombinasi herbal yang terdiri dari daun tanjung, daun belimbing manis dan temulawak dipercaya secara empirik berperan sebagai jamu antiaterosklerosis yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, antihiperglikemik, dan antiinflamasi serta meningkatkan aktivitas imunomodulator dalam tubuh. Pengujian aktivitas antihiperglikemik, antiinflamasi dan aktivitas imunomodulator dilakukan masing-masing terhadap 5 kelompok perlakuan tikus putih jantan yaitu kelompok normal (tanpa perlakuan), kontrol positif (diberikan obat antihiperglikemik/antiinflamasi/imboost), dosis 1 ekstrak jamu (13,5 mg/g BB), dosis 2 ekstrak jamu (18 mg/g BB), dan dosis 3 esktrak jamu (22,5 mg/g BB). Melalui pengujian yang dilakukan, dosis jamu anti-aterosklerosis yang menghasilkan aktivitas imunomodulator yang optimum bervariasi antara dosis 2 dan 3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa formulasi ekstrak jamu anti-aterosklerosis dapat digunakan sebagai imunomodulator yang mampu untuk meningkatkan dan meregulasi sistem kekebalan tubuh karena diketahui adanya aktivitas antihiperglikemik dan antiinflamasi dari jamu antiaterosklerosis.

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ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is a process of narrowing and hardening of the arteries caused by accumulation of fat, especially in arteries. In 2016, it was recorded that 35% of deaths in Indonesia were caused by diseases that occur due to atherosclerosis. Some alternatives to cure atherosclerosis are by taking antiaterosclerosis drugs. However, anti-atherosclerosis drugs that have been circulating in the wider community now have side effects that are quite disturbing when consumed. The combination of herbs consisting of tanjung leaves, sweet starfruit leaves and ginger is empirically believed to act as an antiaterosclerosis herbal medicine containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have the potential to be antioxidants, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory and to increase immunomodulatory activity in the body. Testing of antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities was carried out on each of the 5 treatment groups of male white rats namely normal group (without treatment), positive control (given antihyperglycemic/anti-inflammatory / imboost drug), dose 1 of herbal extract (13.5 mg/g BW), dose 2 of herbal extract (18 mg/g BW), and dose 3 of herbal extracts (22.5 mg/g BW). Through testing, the dosage of anti-atherosclerosis herbs that produce optimum immunomodulatory activity varies between doses 2 and 3. It can be concluded that the formulation of anti-atherosclerosis herbal extract can be used as an immunomodulator that is able to enhance and regulate the immune system because of the known antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activity of anti-atherosclerosis herbs.