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Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas tentang proses, mode dan bentuk transmisi gerakan kebangkitan Islam yang berlangsung di Timur Tengah ke Indonesia yang terjadi pada rentang waktu antara tahun 1990 hingga 2002. Kasus yang diambil sebagai objek studi adalah gerakan Tarbiyah yang kemudian berkembang menjadi Partai Keadilan Sejahtera dan gerakan Hizbut Tahrir yang kemudian menjadi Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, sedangkan data diperoleh melalui kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam dengan para tokoh yang berperan penting dalam transmisi ini. Tesis ini menghasilkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Gerakan revivalisme Islam yang bermula dari Timur Tengah telah menyebar hampir ke seluruh dunia Islam termasuk ke Indonesia. Transmisi gerakan ini ke Indonesia terjadi melalui modus dan sarana yang beragam. Ada beberapa modus dan sarana dominan yang memiliki andil signifikan dalam proses transmisi tersebut Pertama, transmisi melalui para alumnus Timur Tengah. Kedua, melalui penyebaran buku-buku dan sarana informasi lainnya. Ketiga, melalui kontak personal dengan para aktifis gerakan revivalisme Islam di Timur Tengah. Transmisi ini melahirkan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan. Tingkat yang paling intensif adalah diadopsinya pemikiran, ideologi dan manhaj gerakan. Hal ini terjadi pada kasus Gerakan Tarbiyah yang mengadopsi pemikiran dan ideologi serta manhaj Ikhwanul Muslimin di Mesir dan Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia yang menjadi bagian dari jaringan Hizbut Tahrir internasional yang berpusat di Yordania. Kelahiran gerakan Tarbiyah sendiri terinspirasi dan terdorong oleh pemikiran Ikhwanul Muslimin. Selanjutnya, Ikhwanul Muslimin memasok gagasan, pemikiran, ideologi, semangat dan-metode gerakan Tarbiyah. Meskipun terdapat berbagai modifikasi dan adaptasi, pemikiran Ikhwanul Muslimin tetap menjadi acuan gerakan ini. Demikian juga dengan Hizbut Tahrir di Indonesia. Kelahiran gerakan ini sendiri dibidani dan dipelopori o1eh beberapa orang anggota dan simpatisan Hizbut Tahrir yang telah bersentuhan langsung dengan gerakan ini di Timur Tengah. Sehingga, nama, bentuk, doktrin, ideologi dan metode gerakannya benar-benar mengikuti Hizbut Tahrir di TimurTengah. Bahkan, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia merupakan cabang dari jaringan Hizbut Tahrir Internasional dan bertanggungjawab kepada pengurus pusat Hizbut Tahrir di Yordania.

Abstrak :
The research of this thesis aims to know the position of Ikhwanul Muslimin's movement which grows and develops in Egypt, track the genealogy and the history of Ikhwanul Muslimin, the concept and the movement as well as the prominent figures who have influence in the social political movement in Egypt. Besides describing the position of Ikhwanul Muslimin, the research also tries to reveal its influence to the social political changes in Kinanah. In the research, the writer uses qualitative approach with descriptive study method through literature study and interview with experts in this field. One of the findings is that the influence of Ikhwanul Muslimin upon the social political changes in Egypt is very dominant through the interaction process of the prominent figures and the followers of Ikhwanul Muslimin with the Egyptian leaders. Since its existence (1928), the political map in Egypt has entered new era. The policies of the leading authority in Egypt have experienced changes, rise and fall, because of their interaction with Ikhwanul Muslimin. The writer classifies the interaction between Ikhwanul Muslimin and the government of Egypt into two periods. They are pre-revolution and post-revolution. First, was pre-revolution period. The encounter between Ikhwanul Muslimin and Egypt government were often colored by conspiracy, oppression, which later welcomed with demonstration and competition in fighting for power. Ahmad Mahir Pasha?s government frightened their rooted power, until they tried to hamper Ikhwan in election competition by counterfeiting the result of the election, hampering the candidates and arresting the Ikhwanul Muslimin's activists. The strict policy towards Ikhwan was also inherited by Ahmad Mahir Pasha's substitute, al-Nuqrasyi Pasha who suspected Ikhwan as the responsible one for the killing of Ahmad lvlahir Pasha. Al-Nugrasyi Paslia'policy had brought about demonstration by Ikhwanul Muslimin,which resulted in the stepping down of al-Nuqrasyi in February 15, 1946. Looking at the two-generation leadership - Ahmad Mahir Pasha and al-Nuqrasy Pasha - which failed, Ismail Shidqi Pasha who replaced al-Nugrasyi attempted to accommodate the aspiration of Ikhwanul Muslimin. His leadership strategy was to approach Ikhwanul Muslimin and persuade its prominent figures to cooperate. This brought advantages to the government, but disadvantaged Ikhwanul Muslimin which got attack and slander from Wafd and Communist Parties. They also accused that Ikhwanul Muslimin was on the government side while they would always be critical towards the government's policy. Second, post-revolution period. There were three government in Egypt that included Ikhwanul Muslimin in this post-revolution era; directly as well as indirectly, through confrontative radical interaction and also moderate one. First, the era of Gamal Abdunnasser. Although Nasser and revolution got the support from Ikhwanul Muslimin at first, Ikhwanul Muslimin opposed it after it was proved that Nasser didn't intend to build Islamic country, and promoted nasionalism and socialism of secular Arab instead. When the relationship with IIkhwanul Muslimin became worse, sporadic war occurred between the government and the Ikhwanul Muslimin, which in many occasions turned out to be violence. Finally in 1966, Nasser decisively eradicated lkhwanul Muslimin until its roots, executed the main ideologist Sayyid Qutb and other figures, arrested and jailed thousands of people, and chased after other members that they hid or ran into exile. Before the end of Nasser period, the country had shackled religious institution and gagged Islamic opposition, including Ikhwanul Muslimin. Second, Anwar Sadat era, who governed from 1971 to 1981, inherited Egypt from Nasser. He got the authority when Arab was beginning to get up from its fall in 1967 and after Nasser's death. Sadat realized this condition, so that he tried to form his own identity and political legitimating, taking advantage of Islam to eliminate Nasseris and left group. But, Sadat's accommodative policy didn't last long, authoritarian covered Sadat back and the eradication to his opponent was greater, including to those who criticized his home affair and foreign affair policies. This act reached a peak in 1981, when Sadat jailed more than 1500 people from all walks of life; Islamic activists, lawyers, doctors, journalists, lecturers, political opponents and previous governmental ministers. These restrains triggered the more radical Islamic opposition which finally culminated in the killing of Anwar Sadat, in November 3, 1981 by the followers of Jamaah Al-Jihad while he was visiting the military parade commemorating the 1973 war. Third, Husni Mubarak, who was previously the vice president, filled in the position of president with new spirit and strategy. The style of President Muharak as well as the awakening of Islam experienced changes in the 80s after the death of Sadat. While the Islam awakening's style in 1970s revealed as confrontative and violent movement, in 1980s the Islamic movement entered the main stream and the organization of Islam activists. Mubarak's policies were more careful, attempting political liberalization and tolerance, while at the same time he took quick and decisive action to those who wanted to use violence to oppose the government authority. He carefully separated religious opponents, political opponents, and direct threats to the country. Mubarak's government was more accommodative to its opponents, giving space for them to voice their aspiration. He thought that Ikhwanul Muslimin and other religious opponents were proves of Islam awakening, and also the search of their relation format with the country.

Abstrak :
Penelitian dalam tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi dua organisasi gerakan dakwah dan politik Islam, yaitu Ikhwanul Musalimin dan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera yang tumbuh dan berkembang di dua kawasan yang berbeda, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan isu relasi Islam dan negara. Selain mendeskripsikan posisi kedua organisasi diatas ditengah-tengah pemikiran politik Islam, penelitian ini jugs mencoba mengungkapkan pengaruh satu organisasi terhadap yang lainnya dalam kaitan pemikiran hubungan politik dan agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode diskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam terhadap orang yang dianggap ahli dalam bidang yang diteliti serta berbagai sumber lainnya. Berrnula dari temuan akar permasalahan berupa perdebatan politik dalam Islam, kemudian mengungkapkan satu persatu dari dua organisasi yang diteliti dan proses pengaruh gerakan dakwah lkhwanul Muslimin terhadap Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, khususnya tentang masalah hubungan Islam dan negara. Temuan penelitian ini antara lain adalah, bahwa pengaruh Ikhwanul Muslimin terhadap Partai Keadilan Sejahtera sangat dominan melalui proses pemikiran yang dibawa oleh para alumni perguruan di Timur Tengah dan penerbitan buku terjemahan karya tokoh-tokoh Ikhwanul Muslimin yang kemudian banyak dijadikan materi kaderisasi Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, bahkan secara ekstrim bisa dikatakan bahwa PK-Sejahtera itu Ikhwanul Muslimin yang diindonesiakan, dalam artian dominasi tersebut sangat kental, namun disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat Indonesia dan atau ditambah dengan mengambil metode gerakan Islam lainnya. Walaupun hubungan keduanya sangat mirip dan dekat, namun secara organisatoris, hal tersebut tidak dicantumkan dalam AD/ART partai ataupun statuta kebijakan politik lainnya. Khusus tentang pemikiran politik Islam yang berkaitan dengan negara, kedua organisasi ini meneruskan tradisi pemikiran Sunni yang menginginkan tegaknya kekhalifahan, namun dalam upaya ke arah itu, PK-Sejahtera mengambil langkah politik yang moderat, untuk saat ini mereka lebih mengkonsentrasikan terhadap upaya islamisasi masayarakat Indonesia dibawah naungan NKRI dengan memperjuangkan nilai-nilai Islam (maqasid al-syari'ah) terhadap kehidupan individu, sosial dan negara; seperti mengentas kemiskinan, menegakkan keadilan dan memberantas KKN.

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This research would like to explore the position of two da'wah movements and Islamic politics; Ikhwanul Muslimin and Justice Party of Welfare (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera) which grows and develops in two different areas, especially, in the correlation with the issue on Islam and state relation. Besides, it would like to describe the position of certain organizations in Islamic political thought, this research would like to express the one's influence to another in the discourse on the relation between religion and politics. This research used descriptive method with qualitative perspective through library research, depth interview with the experts and other sources. Based on the problem on political polemic in Islam, this research will explore two studied organizations and the influencing process of Ikhwanul Muslimin toward Justice Party of Welfare, especially, on the relation between Islam and state. The results of this research: the influence of Ikhwanul Muslimin toward Justice Party of Welfare is very dominant through the spread ideas brought by Middle East universities' alumni and published translating book written by Ikhwanul Muslimin leaders that is used as the matters of Justice Party of Welfare cadre education. Moreover, Justice Party of Welfare can be claimed, extremely, as Indonesian Ikhwanul Muslimin, but appropriated with the condition of Indonesia society and added by using other Islamic movement method. Although, there is close correlation between certain organizations, but in the sense of organization, it is not grafted in the bill of organization or other political policies. Especially, on the discourse of Islamic politics which related with state, both organizations continues Sunni tradition that want to upright khilafah, but to achieve that goal, Justice Party of Welfare uses moderate political steps. Now days, they give more concentration on Islamization of Indonesian society in the shadow of United State of Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) by struggling Islamic values (maqashid al-syari'ah) toward the life of individual, social and state; such as, poverty solving, justice upright and corruption erasing.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas perbedaan pandangan politik antara al-Azhar dan Ikhwanul Muslimin dalam kudeta terhadap Presiden Mohammad Morsi pada 3 Juli 2013 lalu, pembahasan ini menjadi menarik karena al-Azhar sebagai lembaga keagamaan yang paling berpengaruh di dunia Islam pada umumnya dan Mesir pada khususnya, ikut mendukung kudeta militer yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Abdul Fattah al-Sisi terhadap Morsi, presiden Mesir pertama yang terpilih secara demokratis dan juga diusung oleh gerakan Islam terbesar di abad 21 yaitu Ikhwanul Muslimin. Selain itu karena belum ada penelitian yang secara khusus membahas perbedaan dua lembaga ini dalam kudeta terhadap presiden Mursi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif causal explanation, yaitu penelitian yang berusaha untuk menjelaskan penyebab dari fenomena yang diamati. Adapun metode analisis data yang akan dipakai penulis dalam penelitian ini ialah analisis isi yaitu analisis data yang dilakukan melalui kajian-kajian terhadap berbagai dokumen yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Untuk mendapatkan data yang akan dianalisis, penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka. Tujuan peneletian ini ada dua; teoritis dan praktis. Secara teoritis memberikan kontribusi ilmiah bagi aplikasi teori dengan kerangka konseptual mengenai gerakan Islam, demokrasi dan persatuan Islam. Dan secara praktis, tesis ini diharapkan memberikan rekomendasi ilmiah berupa kerangka kerjasama antara gerakan Islam atau antara negara dan lembaga-lembaga Islam. Juga diharapkan menjadi kontribusi bagi kehidupan beragama dan bernegara di Indonesia sebagai negara muslim berpenduduk terbesar di dunia, dengan menjadikan lembaga-lembaga agama sebagai asset negara dan pendukung nasionalisme.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the political differences between al-Azhar and the Muslim Brotherhood in a coup against President Mohammed Morsi on July 3, 2013. The discussion becomes interesting because of al-Azhar as one of the most influntial religious institutions in the Islamic world in general and Egypt in particular, supporting the military coup led by General Abdul Fattah al-Sisi against Morsi, the first president of Egypt's who was democratically elected and also promoted by the largest Islamic movement in the 21st century, namely the Muslim Brotherhood. There is no studies that specifically addresses the differences between these two institutions in a coup against the president Mursi. This study used qualitative methods named causal explanation, the research seeks to explain the causes of the observed phenomena. The method of data analysis will be used in this research is the analysis of the content. Analysis of the content is the data analysis was done through studies of various documents related to the research topic. To get the data, the author uses the method of data collection in the form of literature. There are two purposes of this study; theoretical and practical. Theoretically, this study hopefully will provide scientific contributions to the conceptual framework of the Islamic movement, democracy and unity of Islam. Practically, this thesis is expected to provide scientific recommendations in the form of a framework of cooperation between the Islamic movement or between the state and Islamic institutions. This research is also expected to be a contribution to the religion and state in Indonesia as the country with the largest number of Muslim population in the world, by making the religious institutions as the country's assets and nationalism.

Abstrak :
Kebijakan Qatar dalam mendukung Ikhwanul Muslimin menimbulkan krisis di kawasan Teluk. Sebelumnya, Arab Saudi dan anggota GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) lainnya sepakat dalam Riyadh agreement untuk menetapkan Ikhwanul Muslimin sebagai organisasi terlarang. Namun, pada 2017 Qatar kembali untuk tidak mengindahkan kesepakatan yang telah disepakati bersama. Akibatnya, anggota-anggota GCC seperti Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab (UEA), dan Bahrain menarik duta besarnya dari Qatar serta memblokade jalur baik darat, laut, dan udara. Blokade tersebut tentunya memiliki dampak pada Qatar terutama pada ekspor-impor, penerbangan, dan perbankan. Tesis ini menjawab mengenai mengapa Qatar mendukung Ikhwanul Muslimin dan menjelaskan jaringan Ikhwanul Muslimin dalam geopolitik Timur Tengah. Dalam menjawab penelitian, tesis ini menggunakan Analisis kebijakan luar negeri sebagai pisau analisis. Teori ini menjelaskan alasan dibalik kebijakan Qatar yang lebih memilih Ikhwanul Muslimin dibandingkan Arab Saudi dan aliansinya. Terdapat faktor eksternal dan internal yang mempengaruhi kebijakan Qatar dalam mendukung pergerakan Ikhwanul Muslimin. ......Qatar’s foreign policy of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood Organization resulted in a crisis in Gulf Region. Previously, Saudi Arabia and members of the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) had agreed in Riyadh Agreement to set the Muslim Brotherhood organization as forbidden. Nevertheless, in 2017 Qatar disobey the agreement have been signed together. As a result, GCC members like Saudi Arabia, Uni Arab Emirate, and Bahrain called their ambassadors from Qatar and blocked Qatar from land, sea, and airspace. This blockade has an impact on Qatar, especially in the export-imports sector, aviation sector, and banking sector. This Thesis will answer the questions about Qatar’s motive for supporting the Muslim Brotherhood organization and Muslim Brotherhood networks in the Middle East. This Thesis uses foreign policy analysis as a theoretical tool. Foreign policy analysis will explain Qatar’s foreign policy which chooses Muslim Brotherhood over Saudi Arabia and its gulf alliance. There are external factors and internal factors that influence Qatar’s foreign policy for supporting the Muslim Brotherhood organization.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini ditulis dengan tema konsep siyasah pada pergerakan Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif komparatif dengan sumber pencarian data berupa studi pustaka, mengambil dari sumber acuan seperti referensi buku dan penelitian sebelumnya. Setelah penelitian, penulis menemukan kesimpulan bahwa keempat organisasi ini sepakat bahwa Islam adalah agama yang syumu>l, lengkap, menyeluruh dan komprehensif. Maka Islam membahas seluruh segi kehidupan manusia termasuk politik. Meski memiliki pandangan sama tentang syumu>liyatul Islam, Islam yang komprehensif keempat organisasi ini memiliki pandangan yang berbeda terutama dalam implementasi konsep siyasah di kehidupan sehari-hari. ...... This research is written with the concept of siyasah theme on the movement of Islam in Indonesia. This study is a qualitative research comparative with the source of data search in the form of literature study, taking from reference sources such as reference books and previous research. After the research, the authors found the conclusion that these four organizations agree Islam is syumu>l, complete and comprehensive, then Islam discusses all aspects of human life including politics. Despite having the same view of syumu>liyatul Islam¸ complete and comprehensive, these four organizations have different views, especially in the implementation of the concept siyasah in daily life.

Abstrak :
Revolusi yang terjadi di Mesir tahun 2011 membawa gelombang demokratisasi di Mesir. Hal ini juga memberikan kesempatan bagi kelompok Ikhwanul Muslimin yang selama ini direpresi oleh pemerintah untuk tampil dalam politik melalui partainya Freedom and Justice Party (FJP). Melalui pemilu 2012, FJP mampu memperoleh suara hingga 45 persen dan kandidat presidennya Muhammad Mursi terpilih menjadi presiden dengan perolehan suara sebesar 51,7 persen. Namun sayangnya demokratisasi yang terjadi di Mesir hanya berlangsung sesaat. Pada tanggal 3 Juli 2013 militer melakukan kudeta terhadap Mursi. Kudeta yang terjadi di Mesir merupakan bentuk dari lemahnya kontrol sipil terhadap militer. Mursi gagal melakukan kontrol terhadap militer sehingga ia tidak bisa mencegah tindakan militer yang menurunkannya secara paksa melalui jalan kudeta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi hubungan sipil militer di masa kepemimpinan Mursi dan bagaimana faktor-faktor tersebut menyebabkan lemahnya kontrol sipil terhadap militer sehingga menyebabkan terjadi kudeta militer. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori, diantaranya adalah teori hubungan sipil militer, teori tentara pretorian, teori kudeta dan teori kepentingan internasional. Dalam tesis ini penulis menguraikan mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan kontrol sipil terhadap militer sehingga menimbulkan kudeta. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah; 1) Tipikal militer Mesir yang merupakan tentara pretorian dan doktrin yang dianut militer. 2) Kepentingan dan intervensi negara-negara asing terhadap Mesir. 3) Fragmentasi kelompok sipil di Mesir yang bersifat fratricidal (saling menjatuhkan). ...... The revolution that occurred in Egypt in 2011 brought a wave of democratization in Egypt. It also provided an opportunity for the Muslim Brotherhood, which had been repressed by the government, to perform in politics through its political wing, the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP). Through the 2012 elections, the FJP was able to acquire up to 45 percent voice and its presidential candidate, Mohammed Mursi was elected president by a vote of 51.7 percent. But unfortunately democratization in Egypt only lasted a moment. On July 3, 2013 the military staged a coup against Mursi. The coup happened in Egypt was a form of weak civilian control over the military. Mursi failed to exercise control over the military so a military coup was inevitable, forcing him into detention. This study aims to determine the factors that affect civil-military relations during Mursi‟s administration and how these factors lead to lack of civilian control over the military that led to a military coup. This study uses several theories, including the theory of civil-military relations, theory of praetorian army, coup theory and theory of international interest. In this thesis, the author outlines the factors affecting the failure of civilian control over the military, giving rise to a coup. These factors are; 1) Egypt praetorian military and the doctrine it adopted. 2) The interest and intervention of foreign countries on Egypt. 3) Fragmentation of civil groups in Egypt who are fratricidal, each against other.