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Abstrak :
Penelitian tesis ini difokuskan pada konsep dan pola hubungan keuangan antara pusat dan daerah yang mendukung pencapaian tujuan bernegara menurut Undang-Undang nomor 1 tahun 2022 tentang hubungan keuangan antara pusat dan daerah. Bentuk peneliitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif dan tipologi penelitian eksplanatoris. Hasil penelitian yakni terdapat perubahan secara konseptual baik dilihat dari perspektif norma maupun nomenklatur hukum dalam pengaturanya sejalan dengan tuntutan reformasi dan demokratisasi daerah namun dalam hubungan keuangan ini terlihat menonjolnya keterlibatan pusat dalam segala unsur penggunaan dana yang mereduksi kebebasan daerah otonom untuk menggunakan anggaran yang telah diberikan, terlebih keterlibatan pusat ini akan menimbulkan posisi yang paradoksial mengingat dalam urusan kebijakan penggunaan anggaran ditentukan secara rinci oleh pusat sedang didapati masalah di kemudian hari, yang bertanggung jawab adalah pemerintah daerah. Pola hubungan keuangan saat ini menggambarkan kedudukan sentralis dari pusat sebagai sumber perumus kebijakan yang merinci dengan kompleks pengaturanya sehingga daerah hanya diberikan ruang pada kewenangan pelaksanaan, demikian terlihat bahwa penekanan terhadap sinergi kebijakan fiskal nasional sangat kuat. Hal ini menandakan telah ada perubahan dari paradigma serta sistem hubungan keuangan yang dimaksudkan dapat mencapai tujuan kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia untuk dicapai namun mengorbankan prinsip otonomi itu sendiri dan menjadi persoalan baru dalam implementasi kebijakan anggaran dengan terlihatnya desentralisasi yang melemah dan sentralisasi yang menguat, kebijakan hukum dalam Undang-Undang hubungan keuangan ini sudah final tetapi kedepanya harus ditata kembali hal-hal yang lebih prinsipil yakni eksistensi kedudukan daerah (desentralisasi) yang tidak sepatutnya direduksi oleh kebijakan dari pemerintah pusat. ......This thesis research is focused on the concept and pattern of financial relations between the center and the regions that support the achievement of state goals according to Law number 1 of 2022 concerning financial relations between the center and the regions. The research forms used are juridical-normative and explanatory research typology. The results of the study are that there is a conceptual change, both from the perspective of norms and legal nomenclature in its regulation in line with the demands for regional reform and democratization, but in this financial relationship, the central involvement in all elements of the use of funds reduces the freedom of autonomous regions to use the budget that has been given. Moreover, the involvement of the center will lead to a paradoxical position considering that in matters of policy the use of the budget is determined in detail by the center, while problems are found in the future, which is responsible for the regional government. The current pattern of financial relations illustrates the centralist position of the center as a source of policy formulation detailing the complex arrangements so that regions are only given space for implementing authority, it can be seen that the emphasis on national fiscal policy synergies is very strong. This indicates that there has been a change from the paradigm and system of financial relations which is intended to achieve the goal of welfare for all Indonesian people but sacrifices the principle of autonomy itself and becomes a new problem in the implementation of budget policies with the visible weakening of decentralization and strengthening of centralization, legal policies In this Law, financial relations are final, but in the future, more principal matters must be reorganized, namely the existence of regional positions (decentralization) which should not be reduced by policies from the central government.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan analisis mengenai tren dan faktor yang berpengaruh dalam pengambilan keputusan transaksi mergers and acquisitions (M&A) di Asia Tenggara pada periode 2012-2021 yang kemudian berdampak pada pertumbuhan transaksi dan nilai transaksi M&A di regional tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan adalah total dan nilai transaksi di Singapura, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, dan Filipina pada periode 2012-2021. Kemudian, faktor-faktor tersebut dibandingkan pada periode sebelum COVID-19 yaitu 2012-2019. Data yang dianalisis merupakan data panel dan metode yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan teknik common effect model atau pooled least square. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa terdapat dua (dua) faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam pertumbuhan aktivitas M&A di Asia Tenggara, yaitu tingkat atau tarif pajak perusahaan dan tingkat suku bunga. ......This study examines the trends and factors that will drive merger and acquisition (M&A) decision-making in Southeast Asia from 2012 to 2021, which will have an effect on the expansion of M&A activity in the region. From 2012 to 2021, a sample of the total and transaction value in Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Philippines were used. Subsequently, these elements were compared with the time period prior to COVID-19, particularly 2012 to 2019. Panel data was used in the analysis, and multiple linear regression using the common effect model technique or pooled least squares was the methodology applied. The study's findings revealed that interest rates and the level of corporate tax rates were the 2 (two) factors that significantly influenced the expansion of M&A activity in Southeast Asia.

Abstrak :
On January 1, 1999, The Euro was officially launched. The euro's mounting on european and world arena arena has been the most significan event in international monetary sistem as well as inetrnational relkatoions, since the collepa of the bretton wood sistem. certainly the euro will have a far- reaching influence on the us dollar and inetrnational monetary sistem european and wolrd ecnomic political and financial framework and on europe us relations (trnas-atlanticrelation) in particular from a mebium and long term point point of view the introduvction of euro will pose a grave chllenged to the us dollar and have significant impact on europe-usa relations mainlty as follow firstly euro will undermine the supermacy of the us dollar in the financial fileld and take over the mantle of one of the leading internationla reserve currince,revaling the us dollar. secondly, euro ushers in a breakthrough in the world trade framework which is being monopolized by us dollar the euro will come to be new world trade transaction unit thirdly euro will break the monopoly of the us dollar on international bon market. fourthly euro will nible at us vested interest derived from the us dollar and thus affect us economy directly hence,the us will by no mens sit by and watch the us dollar losing its supremacy and give up the position of the us dollar to the euro.