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"This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 4NQO oral induction in oesophagus of male rat. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups and one untreated group as control. The experimental groups were applied with 0.5% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on the dorsal mucosa of tongue thrice weekly for 8, 16 or 24 weeks, one brush stroke per application. At the end of the 36th week, all rats were sacrificed and the tongue and oesophagus were excised and fixed in 10% buffed formalin for 24 hours. The H&E sections were prepared for histological examination. The microscopial assessment showed that all rat tongues whether applied with 4NQO for 8, 16 or 24 weeks were identified having Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Microscopial examination of oesophagus indicated that 75% or the rats applied with 4NQO for 16 weeks showed hyperkeratosis, and 80% and 20% of the rats applied with 4NQO for 24 weeks showed malignancy changes and hyperkeratosis, respectively. No histological changes were detected either in the tongue or the oesophagus of the control rats. It was concluded that the effect of carcinogenic induction in oral mucosa caused malignant changes in oesophagus."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian laboratorium untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencekokan zat warna C.I. Food Yellow 4 terhadap gejala klinik dan perubahan struktur histologi organ ginjal mencit (Mus musculus L.). Pencekokan dilakukan terhadap 24 ekor mencit yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis : 0,00 (1 ); 5,25 (11); 7,25 (III) dan 9,25 (IV ) gram C.I. Food Yellow 4/kg berat badan mencit dengan pelarut aquabidestilata. Setelah perlakuan gejala klinik yang timbul diamati setiap hari, Pada hari ke-6 semua mencit dikorbankan dengan cara dislokasi serviks dan diambil organ ginjalnya untuk dibuat preparat Histologi. Hasil pengamatan terhadap gejala klinik memperlihatkan bahwa pada semua kelompok perlakuan terjadi diare dan perubahan berat badan yang tidak stabil. Hasil pengujian Kruskal - Wallis pada jurnlah rata-rata kerusakan glomerulus (α = 0,05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata pada kelompok kontrol dengan semua kelompok perlakuan. Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik organ ginjal mencit perlakuan kelompok (II ) tampak kerusakan ringan pada bagian glomerulus. Sedangkan pada kelompok mencit perlakuan ( III ) dan (IV ) terlihat kerusakan glomerulus semakin meningkat berupa lisisnya sel-sel lapis parietal dan viseral yang mangakibatkan terjadinya atropi dan pelebaran ruang antar Bowman. Kerusakan organ ginjal tampak jelas meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan dosis zat warna C.I. Food Yellow 4 yang dicekokan.

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A study of the effects. of a food color substance, C.I. Food Yellow 4, on clinical symptoms of mice (Mus musculus L.) and their kidneys were conducted in the laboratory. Each of four equal groups of six mice was individually fed with an artificial diet, impregnated with C.I. Food Yellow 4, at doses of 0.00, 5.25, 7.25, and 9.25 g I kg of body wieght on a daily basis.

Clinical symptoms of mice were observed every day before scarifying the mice by using a cervix dislocation technique on 6 th day of the experiment. The results showed that all treated mice underwent diarrhea and their weights fluctuated. Kruskal - Wallis test indicated that there was a significant difference (a = 0.05) of glomerulus damage between control and treated mice.

Histological examinations of kidney tissue of mice treated with 5.25 g of food color substance per kg of body weight showed that there was a slightly damage on glomeruli. Mice treated with 7.25 and 9.25 g 1 kg caused heavy damages in glomeruli. Such as parietal and visceral cells lyses which increased distance between two Bowman capsule walls. The level of kidney damage apparently increased with the increase of doses of C.I. Food Yellow 4 given."