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Abstrak :
Penelitian kromosom meiosis dan berbagai tahapan pembelahan sel dari beberapa stages perkembangan bunga Hibiscus schizopetalus telah dilakukan sejak bulan Maret hingga Mei 2018. Penelitian ini mengamati kromosom meiosis dan melihat berbagai tahapan pembelahan sel yang ditemukan pada stage 1 sampai 6 yang dikaitkan dengan proses mikrosporogenesis dan karakteristik kromosom haploid atau diploid yang ditemukan pada tiap stages tersebut. Sampel kuncup bunga yang digunakan dalam penelitian diisolasi dari stage 1 sampai 6 dan dikumpulkan pada pukul 09.00 WIB. Sampel kuncup bunga yang berada pada stage 1 sampai 3 diisolasi dari bagian calyx dan epicalyx-nya, sedangkan sampel kuncup bunga yang berada pada stage 4 sampai 6 diisolasi bagian anther-nya untuk digunakan dalam penelitian. Preparat kromosom dibuat dengan menggunakan metode squash aceto-orcein. Hasil pengamatan kromosom menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan pembelahan meiosis 1 ditemukan pada stage 1 sampai 3, sedangkan pembelahan meiosis 2 cenderung ditemukan pada stage 4 sampai 6. Struktur mikrospora diketahui ditemukan pada stage 4, 5, dan 6, sedangkan struktur polen ditemukan pada stage 6. Peluang ditemukannya kromosom yang bersifat haploid semakin tinggi seiring dengan peningkatan stages perkembangan bunga. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut terkait kromosom dan pembelahan sel pada stages perkembangan bunga dari tanaman lain. ......The research on meiotic chromosome and various cell division phases from several stages of Hibiscus schizopetalus flower development had been conducted from March to May 2018. This research observed meiotic chromosome and discovered the various cell division phases that took place in stages 1 to 6 of the flower developmental stages. The association of the results with the process of microsporogenesis and the chromosomal characteristics haploid or diploid which were found at those stages were further assessed. Flower buds that were used in the study were isolated from stages 1 to 6 and were collected at 9 A.M. Flower buds from stages 1 to 3 were isolated from the calyx and epicalyx, while flower buds from stages 4 to 6 were isolated on the anther part. Chromosome preparation was carried out using the method of aceto orcein squash. The result of chromosomal observation found that the tendency of meiosis 1 was found in stages 1 to 3, whereas meiosis 2 tended to be found in stages 4 to 6. The microspore structure was found in stage 4, 5, and 6, while the structure of pollen was found in stage 6. Haploid chromosomes were found to increase along with the increase of the stages of flower development. Further studies are needed to learn more about chromosome and cell division in the flower developmental stages of other plants.

Abstrak :
Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan yang diprediksi terus bertambah hingga tahun 2050. Obesitas ditandai dengan nilai Indeks Massa Tubuh ≥ 30. Penelitian ini dimulai dari studi bioinformatika dibandingkan Orlistat. Gallocatechin gallate berpotensi sebagai anti obesitas yang terdapat dalam kandungan ekstrak daun yang diperoleh dari hasil bioinformatika. Penelitian secara in vivo menggunakan tikus putih betina galur Wistar yang diawali dengan uji induksi dengan 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok non HFD (High Fat Diet) dan HFD dengan pemberian secara oral. Semua tikus diinduksi dengan pakan standar dan pakan diet tinggi lemak selama 10 minggu hingga kenaikan berat badan mencapai 50% dan setelah itu diberi perlakuan dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu A (normal dengan pakan standar), B (HFD), C (HFD+Orlistat 30 mg/KgBB), D (HFD+Ekstrak 10 mg/KgBB), E (HFD+Ekstrak 20 mg/KgBB), dan F (HFD+Ekstrak 40 mg/KgBB) selama 4 minggu. Parameter yang diukur adalah berat badan, indeks lee, food intake, berat lemak viseral, % indeks adipositas, ukuran sel adiposa, profil darah (kolesterol, trigliserida, HDL, LDL, glukosa darah, dan uji toleransi glukosa), pengukuran kadar protein adiponektin, leptin, dan PNLIP dengan metode ELISA sandwich. Berdasarkan penelitian, ekstrak dosis 3 (40 mg/KgBB) memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan berat badan, kontrol nafsu makan dan mengurangi berat lemak viseral, mengurangi ukuran sel adiposa, memperbaiki nilai profil darah, meningkatkan kadar protein adiponektin dan leptin serta mengurangi kadar protein PNLIP. ......Obesity is a health problem that is predicted to increase until 2050. Obesity is characterized by a Body Mass Index value ≥ 30. This research started from a bioinformatics study compared to Orlistat. Gallocatechin gallate has potential as an anti-obesity contained in leaf extracts obtained from bioinformatics results. The next stage was to carry out in vivo research using wistar female white rats which divided into non High Fat Diet (HFD) and HFD group with oral administration. All rats were induced with standard feed and high fat diet for 10 weeks until body weight gain reached 50% and after that they were treated according to 6 groups, A (normal with standard feed), B (HFD), C (HFD+Orlistat 30 mg/KgBW), D (HFD+Extract 10 mg/ KgBW), E (HFD+Extract 20 mg/KgBW), and F (HFD+Extract 40 mg/KgBW) for 4 weeks. The parameters measured were body weight, lee index, food intake, visceral fat weight, % adiposity index, adipose cell size, blood profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, blood glucose, and glucose tolerance test), measurement of adiponectin, leptin, and PNLIP protein level using the sandwich ELISA method. Based on this research, Extract dose 3 (40 mg/KgBW) has an significant effect on weight loss, appetite control and reduce visceral fat weight, reduce adipose cell size, improve blood profile values, increase adiponectin and leptin protein levels and decrease PNLIP protein level.