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"This article deals with Panji stories from Java, their original home. It begins with an examination of Panji as he appears in the Wangbaŋ Wideya, one of the earliest extant Panji stories, representing the culture of Majapahit and its successor states. It then goes on to survey a number of Panji compositions written by Pakubuwana IV, Sunan of Surakarta from 1788-1820, which reveal that Pakubuwana clearlyidentified with Panji, as opposed to say, Islamic models, or Western models, for the political realm possibly available at that time. The article goes on to look at the somewhat later writings of Yasadipura II (1756-1844) and Dipanagara, who led the 1825-1830 Java War against the Dutch. The former has a markedly bureaucratic, non-mythic approach to government. The latter does draw heavily on mythic validation, for instance from indigenous Javanese deities and from Islamic figures, but here too there is a notable lack of reference to Panji as an ideal. Panji theatre across Java and at the popular level is briefly surveyed, as is the extensive export of Panji stories to Malaysia, mainland Southeast Asia, and even possibly to Japan – which would suggest that they are far older than hitherto suspected."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak-dampak alienasi pada Oliver Queen dan elemen-elemen heroik nya, serta bagaimana post-traumatic stress disorder melahirkan pendekatan kekerasan yang dia gunakan saat dia menjalankan misi nya di Arrow 2012-2013. Metodologi pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Tubuh dari penelitian ini adalah musim pertama dari CW Arrow 2012-2013. Dengan menerapkan elemen heroik milik Peter Coogan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa misi, kekuatan serta identitas Oliver sangat dipengaruhi oleh alienasi dan post-traumatic stress disorder miliknya. Pada akhirnya, kedua alienasi dan post-traumatic stress disorder merubah Oliver Queen menjadi orang yang berbeda dan mengembangkan persona lain dalam dirinya, yaitu Green Arrow.

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This research aims to identify the effects of alienation on Oliver Queen and his heroic elements, and how post-traumatic stress disorder gives birth to the violent approach that he uses when he executes his mission in Arrow 2012-2013 . The methodology in this research is qualitative. The corpus of this research is CW's Arrow 1st season 2012-2013. By applying Peter Coogan's heroic elements, this research finds that Oliver's mission, power, and identity are highly influenced by the alienation and his post-traumatic stress disorder. In the end, both alienation and post-traumatic stress disorder change Oliver Queen into a different person and develop another persona in him, which is the Green Arrow."

"Kelima novel sejarah Indonesia yang dipilih sebagai objek penelitian ini memperlihatkan keragaman konvensi, bentuk, dan warna. Ada yang menggunakan tokoh-tokoh sejarah sebagai tokoh utama, dan tokoh fi ktif sebagai pelengkap, ada yang sebaliknya menggunakan tokoh sejarah sebagai tokoh bawahan, ada yang sebagian besar tokohnya adalah tokoh sejarah. Katrologi Bumi Manusia memperlihatkan warna realis yang kuat dan bentuk yang rumit; begitu pula Arok Dedes yang ideologis. Subang Zamrud Nurhayati memperlihatkan erotisme dan alur yang sederhana, sementara Roro Mendut menekankan masalah psikologis, dan Perlawanan Rakyat Sigi yang pendek berwarna heroik, memang tepat untuk anakanak. Dua dari keempat pengarang novel sejarah yang dibahas sudah tiada, dua yang lain berusia lanjut. Mereka semua memperoleh pendidikan yang relatif baik, khususnya dalam hal sejarah. Keempatnya sangat prihatin terhadap keadaan bangsa dan negaranya, dan sebagian besar telah secara aktif mendukung mereka yang tertindas.

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The fi ve Indonesian historical novels being the object of this research, reveal the western convention of the genre in a variety of forms and colours. Pramoedya?s and Mansur Samin?s use both ?real? historical person as heroes and secondary character, while the others present imaginative characters as heros and historical persons as background. Pram?s Bumi Manusia, consisting of four books, shows the most complicated form and tends to be realistic in its narration. Arok Dedes, as complicated as the fi rst, is an ideological one. While Roro Mendut, in a very loose plot preoccupies with the psychological problem of the principal characters, and Subang Zamrud Nurhayati is erotic. The thinnest of the fi ve, Perlawanan Rakyat Sigi is heroic. About the writers: two of them are dead, the rest is above sixty years old. The interview shows that they love history and have received good education, especially in history stuff. They are preoccupied by the poor condition of the Indonesian people and the nation, and most of them supported actively the struggle of the oppressed."