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Abstrak :
Merawang chicken was a local chicken from Bangka Belitung Island, South Sumatera, with a special characteristic an uniform of feather colour by squeezing chocolate or golden in males and also females. The study was conducted to investigate the genetic and phenotype traits of production and reproduction of Merawang chicken. Fourty five males and thirty females of 21 - 26 weeks of age from identified parents were used in this experiment. The observed female variables were body weight, sexual maturity, egg production, fertility and hatchability. The male variables were body weight, sexual maturity, volume of semen, motility and concentration of spermatozoa. Semen were collected once a week by Burrows and Quinn methods. The data were analyzed by Burrows and Quinn methods. The data were analyzed by variance analyses of CRD and nested design to find out variance and covariance components. The results showed that the females variabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, egg production, fertility and hatchability were 8.07%, 10.55%, 24.82%, 38.87% and 19.98%, repectively. The males variabilities of sexual maturity, body weight, volume of semen, motility and concentration of spermatozoa were 4.96%, 14,21%, 42.50%, 7.12% and 45.16%, repectively. The heritabilities of females on sexual maturity, body weight, egg production, fertility and hatchability were 0.311, 0.509, 0.927, 0.677 and 0.314, respectively. The heritabilities of males on sexual maturity, body weight, volume of semen, motility and concentration of spermatozoa were 0.607, 0.393, 0.200, 0.203 and 0.011, respectively.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Dalam pemuliaan kedelai, pengetahuan tentang aksi gen, heritabilitas, dan keragaman genetik sangat diperlukan agar pemulia dapat merencanakan program seleksi yang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari aksi gen, heritabilitas, kemajuan genetik, dan keragaman genetik karakter kuantitatif, galur kedelai hasil persilangan. Tanaman F1 dan galur F2 keturunan dari enam kombinasi persilangan, dan lima varietas tetua dievaluasi di Kebun Percobaan Muneng, Jawa Timur pada musim kemarau 2014. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan. Biji F1 dan F2 dari setiap kombinasi persilangan dan varietas tetua ditanam masing-masing empat baris dengan panjangbarisan 3 m. Jarak tanam 40 cm x 20 cm, satu tanaman per rumpun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah polong per tanaman, hasil biji per tanaman, bobot brangkasan, dan indeks panen secara dominan dikendalikan oleh gen aditif. Ukuran biji juga dikendalikan oleh gen aditif, dan ukuran biji kecil bersifat dominan terhadap biji besar. Tinggi tanaman dikendalikan oleh gen aditif dan nonaditif, demikian pula umur polong masak secara dominan dikontrol oleh banyak gen (aditif dan nonaditif), dan umur genjah bersifat dominan terhadap umur dalam. Umur polong masak mempunyai dugaan heritabilitas paling tinggi (49,3%), diikuti ukuran biji, indeks panen, dan jumlah polong per tanaman, masing-masing 47,0%, 45,8%, dan 45,5%. Seleksi terhadap umur polong masak, ukuran biji, indeks panen, dan jumlah polong per tanaman mempunyai harapan kemajuan genetik cukup tinggi, masing-masing 41,0%, 38,8%, 33,6%, dan 29,1%. Oleh karena itu, karakter tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi untuk memperoleh genotipe kedelai yang berdaya hasil tinggi, berumur genjah, dan berukuran biji besar pada galur F3.

Abstrak :
Information of the variability and heritability of quantitative characters on local mungbean germplasm are important for supporting breeding program. A total of 98 local mungbean varieties or accessions were evaluated at Cikeumeuh Experimental Farm,Bogor, during wet season of 2005. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Each variety was planted in three rows of four meters long. Plant spacing was 40x20 cm, each hill contained two plants. The differences among the varieties were significant for all the characters studied, except for number of seeds per pod and pod length. High yielding varieties were recorded from Demak, Belu, Pati, and Jeneponto. These varieties had a combination of high number of pods per plant, large seed size and early maturity.Seeds weight per plant, pods per plant and seed size had high heritability and expected genetic advance.While the heritability and expected genetic advance for number of branches, pod length, and seeds per pod were all low. Plant height had a high genotypic variance associated with high heritability and high expected genetic advance. Similarly for days to flowering and days to maturity is genotypic in nature with high heritability coupled with a low expected genetic advance for days to flowering and moderate expected genetic advance for days to maturity. Pods per plant, seed size and seed weight per plant had a high genotypic variance associated with high heritability. The genetic advance of these characters predicted that the greatest gain for one generation of selection would be obtained by selection for pods per plant (45.07%), seed size (41.88%) and seed weight per plant (37.03%).

Abstrak :
One of the most important factors in the formulation of effective breeding plans for improving the genetic quality of crops and livestock is a knowledge of the relative contribution made by genes to the variability of a trait under consideration. The variability of phenotypic values for quantitative trait can be partitioned into genetic and non genetic (environment) components.

The heritability is defined as a ratio of additive genetic variances to phenotypic variances. The most important function of the heritability is its predictive role. Heritability value is an expression of the reliability of the phenotypic value as a guide to breeding values.

The edible portion trait of giant freshwater prawn has a high heritability, since most of the phenotypic variability is due to genetic variations. Thus, genetic improvement can be made by selecting individuals with preferred phenotype because the offspring-parent correlation should be high. This is called mass selection or individual selection, but it is actually based on the individual's own performance record or phenotype.

The giant freshwater prawn population from Cimanuk (Tanjung Air, West Jawa), Cimandiri (Pelabuhan Ratu, West Jawa) and Walanae (Maros, South Sulawesi), obtained from natural habitat, were used in this study. The determination of heritability were conducted on several charater i.e. carapace length, standard length, dressing perecentage, edible portion and weight. The determination of heritability was based on regression between parents and offsprings. Structure of selection was conducted by individual selection. Parental stocks were selected based on individual breeding value. Natural breeding were used for first and second progeny.

Larvae were reared of eggs originated from individual female that had been mated to double males. Female were reared in 200-litre concrete tanks and newly hatched larvae were placed in 50-litre conical tanks. Water was recirculated through the tanks. The duration of rearing the larvae was 35 days.

Fingerlings were reared in cages replaced on 500 m2 earthen pond. Grow-out of juveniles were reared on 100 m2 earthen ponds. Juveniles were fed pellets with 30 % protein content. The duration of grow-out was 3 months.

The results showed that the heritability values of carapace length, standard length, weight, dressing percentage, and edible portion trait were in the level of medium to high. These suggest that giant freshwater prawn populations from Cimanuk, Cimandiri and Walanae are responsive to selection. Indeed, individual selection on edible portion trait show a positive response to selection. Therefore, selection programme can be utilized for genetic improvement of giant freshwater prawn.

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Heritabilitas merupakan rasio antara keragaman aditif dan keragaman fenotipe. Fungsi penting dari heritabilitas adalah bersifat prediktif pada generasi berikutnya. Nilainya dapat memperlihatkan nilai fenotipe yang pada akhirnya dapat digunakan sebagai breeding value . Nilai heritabilitas edible portion trait cukup tinggi pada udang galah. Oleh karena itu, program seleksi dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik udang galah.

Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan populasi udang dari Cimanuk (Tanjung Air, Jawa Barat), Cimandiri (Pelabuhan Ratu, Jawa Barat), dan Walanae (Maros, Sulawesi selatan) yang di koleksi dari alam.

Penentuan heritabilitas dilaksanakan pada beberapa karakter yaitu panjang karapas, panjang standar, berat, dressing percentage, dan edible portion. Penetapan nilai heritabilitas didasarkan atas perbandingan antara induk dengan keturunannya. Struktur seleksi yang dilakukan adalah seleksi individu. Untuk memilih induk udang digunakan breeding value.

Untuk memproduksi keturunan F, dan F2 dilakukan pemijahan secara alami. Pemeliharaan larva udang dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem air jernih. Untuk menghasilkan udang ukuran juvenil dan pembesaran udang, dilakukan di kolam tanah.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas pada karakter panjang karapas (0,68 - 0,86), panjang standar (0,43 - 0,90), berat tubuh (0,85?0,97), dressing percentage (0,49 - 0,95) dan edible portion trait (0,46- 0,67) memperlihatkan nilai medium sampai tinggi. Hasil yang diperoleh ini dapat di interpretasikan bahwa populasi udang dari Cimanuk, Cimandiri dan Walanae memperlihatkan indikasi respon yang positif, jika karakter-karakter tersebut akan di seleksi. Implementasi struktur seleksi individu pada edible portion trait populasi udang galah tersebut memberikan respon yang positif.