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"Pendahuluan: Perdarahan Intraventrikel Intraventricular Hemorrhage / IVH merupakan perdarahan spontan yang terjadi di dalam sistem ventrikel, 30-45 sering berhubungan dengan Intracerebral Hemorrhage ICH . Evaluasi aktifitas sehari-hari yang akurat dan tepat pada pasien pasca stroke sangat penting untuk kualitas perawatan dan pengukuran luaran pasca perawatan stroke. Modified Rankin Scale mRS merupakan skala pengukuran disabilitas yang dipakai secara global untuk evaluasi pemulihan dari stroke. Tujuan: Menelaah data luaran penderita perdarahan intraventrikel yang dilakukan operasi di Departemen Bedah Saraf Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo berdasarkan mRS. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang cross sectional . Adapun variabel independent yaitu lokasi lesi perdarahan intraserebral, IVH-skor, GCS awal, dan variabel dependent yaitu luaran berdasarkan skoring mRS. Subjek penelitian adalah semua pasien penderita perdarahan intraventrikel yang dikelola Departemen Bedah Saraf RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Januari 2010 sampai dengan Agustus 2016. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini didapatkan 23 sampel. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui catatan rekam medis, subjek dihubungi via telepon, kemudian subjek atau keluarga diwawancara untuk menilai status fungsionalnya dengan mRS. Data diolah dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21. Hasil: Luaran 6 bulan IVH dengan menggunakan mRS secara keseluruhan didapatkan independent 11 pasien 47,8 dependent 4 pasien 17,3 dan 8 pasien meninggal 34,9 . IVH sebagian besar berusia di bawah 60 tahun 60,8 dan 39,2 yang berusia diatas 60 tahun, dari penelitian didapatkan IVH skor terbanyak adalah >15 sebanyak 15 pasien 65,2 . GCS rata-rata 7,6 2,14 . MAP terbanyak adalah >100 dengan jumlah 20 pasien 87 , dan faktor resiko yang mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 19 pasien 82,6. Diskusi: mRS dapat digunakan sebagai standar penilaian luaran IVH.

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Introduction: Intraventricular hemorrhage IVH is a spontaneous hemorrhage occurring within the ventricular system, 30 40 often associated with Intracerebral hemorrhage ICH, Accurate and precise daily evaluating activity in post stroke patients is critical for the quality of care and measurement of post stroke outcomes. Modified Rankin Scale mRS is a global disability measurement scale used for the evaluation of stroke recovery.

Aims: Configuring outcome data of patient with intraventricle hemorrhage operated at neurosurgery departmen of cm hospital based on mRS.

Methods This was an observational study with cross sectional design. The independent variables are location of intracerebral hemorrhage lesion, IVH score, initial GCS, and dependent variable is outcome based on mRS scores. Subjects of research were all patients with intraventricular hemorrhage administered by Department of Neurosurgery Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during January 2010 until August 2016 period. The number of samples in this study were obtained 23 samples. Research data was obtained through medical record and transferred into data entry format, patients was contacted by telephone, then patients or family were interviewed to assess their functional status with Modified Rankin Scale. Data is processed by using SPSS 21 program.

Results: 6 months IVH overall outcomes are 11 independent patients 47.8 4 dependent patients 17.3 and 8 patients died 34.9. IVH were mostly under 60 years old 60,8 and 39,2 were aged over 60 years, from the study obtained IVH most scores were 15 as many as 15 patients 65.2. GCS averages 7.6 2.14 . Most MAPs were 100 with 20 patients 87, and hypertension risk factors were 19 patients 82.6.

Discussion: mRS can be used as standard outcome assessment of IVH."

"Latar belakang : Stroke masih merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga setelah penyakit jantung koroner dan kanker. Kematian karena perdarahan intraserebral dalam 7 hari pertama masih tinggi. Banyak faktor yang berpengaruh dan dapat dilakukan intervensi pada perawatan khusus.Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor faktor prognostik kematian dini di RSUD R Syamsudin SH Sukabumi.Bahan dan Cara : Pasien yang ikut penelitian ini adalah pasien stroke dengan perdarahan intraserebral yang dirawat di RSUD R Syamsudin SH yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sejak 1 Januari 2005 sampai 30 Juni 2006.Metode : Penelitian kohort prospektif dan dianalisis dengan analisis survival.Hasil : Dari 117 pasien perdarahan intra serebral didapatkan kematian dini sebanyak 26,5%. Variabel yang sangat berpengaruh sebagai faktor prognosis kematian dini perdarahan intraserebral adalah gangguan kesadaran HR= 4,31 Interval Kepercayaan (2,0-9,19) p{1,000 sedangkan volume perdarahan HR=5,3 Interval Kepercayaan (2,34-11,9) p=0,000 serta kadar gula darah HR= 2,15 Interval Kepercayaan (0,99-4,65) p=0,051.Kesimpulan : Kematian karena perdarahan intra serebral masih cukup tinggi yaitu 26,5%. Perlu penanganan segera faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya kematian dini yaitu gangguan kesadaran, gula darah, dan volume perdarahan sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kematian.

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Background: Stroke is still known as the third leading cause of death after coronary heart disease and cancer. Death due to intra-cerebral hemorrhage in the first 7 days is having high rote. Many factors are able to influence the incidence, although it can he inter vent through special care.

Objectives: To find out prognostic factors on early death due to infra-cerebral hemorrhage at the District General Hospital of R. Syanisudin SH (DGH-RS) at Kota Sukabumi.

Objects and Technique: Respondents involved in the study are stroke patients that suffer with infra-cerebral hemorrhage. The patients are being treatment at the DGH-RS and have fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study, from 1st `January 2005 until 30rd June 2006.

Method: The study is a prospective cohort study and is analyzed by using survival analysis.

Results: Of 117 patients with intro-cerebral hemorrhage, an early death has occurred at 26.5%. The most influence variables, as prognostic factor to early death of infra-cerebral hemorrhage, are: consciousness disorders HR= 4.31 Confidence interval (2.0 - 9.19) p= 0.000, blood depletion volume HR= 5.3 Confidence interval (2.34 - 11.9) p= 0.000, and blood sugar level l-IR= 2.15 Confidence Interval (0.9[9 - 4.65) p= 0.051.

Conclusion: The rate of death as a result of infra-cerebral is still high, i.e. 26.5%, There is an urgent need on controlling those factors affected the incidence of early death, namely consciousness disorders, blood sugar, and blood depiction volume, in order to decrease the death rate."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Angka kejadian trombositopenia pada neonatus dilaporkan antara 22-35%, dan salah satu komplikasinya adalah perdarahan intraventrikular (PIV). Penelitian sebelumnya di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta melaporkan angka kejadian PIV masih tinggi pada bayi usia gestasi < 35 minggu sebesar 43,47%. Perdarahan intraventrikular menyebabkan dampak yang berat pada perkembangan neurologis dan mortalitas. Di Indonesia, belum ada penelitian mengenai hubungan trombositopenia dan PIV. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan trombositopenia dengan PIV pada bayi usia gestasi < 35 minggu dan korelasi antara derajat berat trombositopenia dan derajat berat PIV. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan penelusuran rekam medis dilakukan di Divisi Neonatologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia RSCM pada subjek yang dirawat pada bulan Januari 2012 sampai Desember 2014 dengan diagnosis PIV. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok PIV ringan sedang (derajat ≤ 2) dan berat (derajat > 2). Nilai trombosit dicatat pada hari yang sama dengan diagnosis PIV. Digunakan uji Pearson?s chi-square, Fischer, analisis multivariat, dan korelasi untuk analisis data. Hasil: Angka kejadian PIV berat dengan trombosit < 100.000/uL sebesar 28,2% dibanding 10,4% pada nilai trombosit ≥ 100.000/uL (p=0,014). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, faktor yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap terjadinya PIV berat adalah usia gestasi < 32 minggu dan penggunaan alat bantu napas berupa ventilator dan high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Derajat berat trombositopenia tidak memiliki korelasi dengan derajat berat PIV (koefisien korelasi 0,21). Simpulan: Trombositopenia tidak memiliki peranan pada terjadinya PIV berat. Derajat berat trombositopenia tidak memiliki korelasi dengan derajat berat PIV.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in neonates ranges from 22 to 35%, and the complication could be intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The previous research in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta reported high incidence of IVH until gestational age < 35 weeks which is 43,47%. Intraventricular hemorrhage has caused a significant defect to neurologic development and mortality. In Indonesia, there were no research about the relationsghip between thrombocytopenia and IVH. Objective: To study the relation between thrombocytopenia and IVH in a baby with gestational age < 35 weeks and the correlation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the severity of IVH. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed by medical records review in Neonatology Division of Child Health Department University of Indonesia RSCM. The subject of this study is neonates who were hospitalized from January 2012 until December 2014 with IVH diagnosis. Subjects were divided into mild moderate IVH (grade ≤ 2) and severe IVH (grade > 2). Thrombocyte count was recorded in the same day with the diagnosis of IVH. Pearson?s chi-squared, Fischer's tests, multivariate analysis, and correlation were used to analyzed the data. Results: Risk of severe IVH was 28,2% in neonates with thrombocyte count < 100,000/uL versus 10,4% in neonates without (p=0.014). From multivariate analysis, gestational age < 32 weeks and the use of respiratory support (ventilator and high frequency oscillatory ventilation) played a significant role in severe IVH. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH (correlation coefficient = 0,21). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia doesn?t have a role in severe IVH based on multivariate anlysis. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH., Background: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in neonates ranges from 22 to 35%, and the complication could be intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The previous research in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta reported high incidence of IVH until gestational age < 35 weeks which is 43,47%. Intraventricular hemorrhage has caused a significant defect to neurologic development and mortality. In Indonesia, there were no research about the relationsghip between thrombocytopenia and IVH. Objective: To study the relation between thrombocytopenia and IVH in a baby with gestational age < 35 weeks and the correlation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the severity of IVH. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed by medical records review in Neonatology Division of Child Health Department University of Indonesia RSCM. The subject of this study is neonates who were hospitalized from January 2012 until December 2014 with IVH diagnosis. Subjects were divided into mild moderate IVH (grade ≤ 2) and severe IVH (grade > 2). Thrombocyte count was recorded in the same day with the diagnosis of IVH. Pearson’s chi-squared, Fischer’s tests, multivariate analysis, and correlation were used to analyzed the data. Results: Risk of severe IVH was 28,2% in neonates with thrombocyte count < 100,000/uL versus 10,4% in neonates without (p=0.014). From multivariate analysis, gestational age < 32 weeks and the use of respiratory support (ventilator and high frequency oscillatory ventilation) played a significant role in severe IVH. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH (correlation coefficient = 0,21). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia doesn’t have a role in severe IVH based on multivariate anlysis. The severity of thrombocytopenia has no correlation with the severity of IVH.]"

"Pemantauan terapi obat (PTO) merupakan suatu prosedur atau kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk memastikan terapi obat yang diberikan kepada pasien bersifat aman, efektif, dan rasional (Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2009). Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan pemantauan terkait pengobatan pasien rawat inap dengan diagnosis Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ec. Vertebral Artery Disecting Aneurysm di RSUP Fatmawati. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan secara prospektif melalui data sekunder berupa catatan rekam medis pasien, catatan pengobatan, dan hasil laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil pemantauan terapi obat yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengobatan yang diterima telah sesuai dengan indikasi dan tidak ditemukan efek samping maupun reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki pada pasien.

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Drug therapy monitoring is a procedure or activity carried out to ensure that the drug therapy given to patients is safe, effective and rational (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to carry out monitoring regarding the treatment of inpatients with a diagnosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ec. Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm at Fatmawati General Hospital. The implementation method is carried out prospectively through secondary data such as patient medical records, treatment records and laboratory results. Based on the results of drug therapy monitoring that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the treatment received was in accordance with the indications and no side effects or undesirable drug reactions were found in the patien"

"Untuk mengetahui effektivitas dan keamanan injeksi intravitreal gas Sulfur Heksaflorida (SF6) tanpa tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) pada perdarahan subhialoid di premakula, 5 mata dari 5 pasen dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah parasentesis cairan akuos, 0.3 ml gas sulfur hexafluoride murni disuntikkan intravitreal dan penderita diharuskan mempertahankan posisi muka kebawah selama 5 hari.. Foto fundus dibuat pre injeksi,pada 1 hari dan 7 hari pasca injeksi. Perdarahan subhialoid bergeser pada 4/5 (80%) mata dengan lama perdarahan subhialoid kurang dari 2 minggu. Tajam penglihatan pre-operatif pada ke-lima mata adalah hitung jari, dan mengalami perbaikan pasca-operatif pada 4/5 (80%) mata dalam 3 hari sampai 7 hari.. Tajam penglihatan berkisar antara 6/20 hingga 6/6. Penyakit sistemik yang mendasari, terdiri dari hiperkoagulasi pada 1 pasien, diabetes mellitus pada 2 pasien, hipertensi pada 1 pasien dan tidak ditemukan pada 1 pasien. Komplikasi akibat tindakan tidak ditemukan pada semua mata yang diinjeksi. Sebagai kesimpulan, injeksi gas SF6 tanpa penggunaan tPA ke dalam vitreus mampu menggeser perdarahan subhialoid, bila dilakukan dalam 14 hari, dan dapat menghasilkan perbaikan tajam penglihatan yang cepat. Tindakan ini terbukti aman. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:104-7).

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To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas without the use of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhage ( SHH ), 5 eyes of 5 patients with premacular SHH were enrolled. After performing paracentesis of the anterior chamber, 0.3 ml pure SF6 gas was injected through pars plana with a 30 gauge needle. Facedown position was maintained for 5 days. Subhyaloid Hemorrhage was displaced in 4/5 ( 80% ) eyes with a duration of SHH less than 2 weeks. The pre-injection visual acuity of all 5 eyes was finger counting and improved in 4/5 ( 80% ) eyes within 3 days to 7 days post-injection to 6/20 - 6/6. The underlying disease was hypercoagulation in 1 patient , diabetes mellitus in 2 patients , hypertension in 1 patient and unknown in 1 patient. No complications were encountered. In conclusion, SF6 gas injected into the vitreous without the use of tPA, can displace SHH if performed within 14 days of duration, and results in rapid visual recovery. This procedure is proven to be safe. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:104-7)."

"Latar belakang: Sebuah skala prediktor yang dapat secara konsisten memprediksi keluaran pasien perdarahan intraserebral spontan (PIS) sangat diperlukan dalam penatalaksanaan pasien. Semakin cepat prognosis diketahui akan semakin baik karena sangat erat kaitannya dengan efektifitas terapi.Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berperan sebagai prediktor independen terhadap keluaran pasien perdarahan intraserebral spontan di supratentorial, dan membuat sebuah skala prediktor PIS yang sesuai dengan pola penderita PIS di RSCMDisain dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi kasus kontrol yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan skala prediktor berdasarkan variabel yang terbukti sebagai prediktor independen keluaran penderita PIS.Hasil: Faktor yang berperan sebagaai prediktor independent terhadap keluaran 30 hari pasien PIS adalah Skala koma Glassgow (p< 0.001), perluasan perdarahan ke intraventrikel (p= 0.001), dan volume lesi (p=-0.010). Skala prediktor PIS adala total nilai masing-rasing komponen yang terdiri Bari: SKG 34 (=2), 9-12 (=1), 13-15 (=0); IVH ya (=1), tidak (=0); volume Iasi ? 30 cc (=1), < 30 cc ff.)). Subyek dengan total skor 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, berturut-turut memiliki probabilitas meninggal 1.3%, 9.2-13.16%, 52.7-63.5%, 92:5-95.1%, dan 99.3%. Probabilitas keluaran meninggal meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan total skala prediktor.Kesimpulan: Faktor yang berperan sebagai prediktar keluaran 30 hari pasien PIS spontan supratentorial adalah Skala koma Glassgow, perluasan perdarahan ke intraventrikel, dan volume hematom. Berdasarkan prediktor independent tersebut dapat dibuat skala prediktor untuk memprediksi keluaran pasien. Probabilitas meninggal meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan total skala prediktor.

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Background. The predictor scale that predict consistently the outcome of patients with ICH is very important. Prognosis has strong relationship with effectiveness of treatment

Objective. To found the factors that act as the predictors of 30-day outcome for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and to define a predictor scale or modified ICH scoring .

Methods. These was a case control study that continued by defined a predictor scale for ICH which use a criteria that was predictive of outcome.

Result. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality were Glasgow Coma Scale score (p< 0.001), presence of intraveniricular hemorrhage (p0 001), and ICH volume (p=O.0I). The predictor scale of ICH was the sum of individual points assigned as follows: GCS score 3 to 8 (= 2 points), 9 to 12 (= 1 point), 13 to 15 point (41); Intraventricular hemorrhage yes (-I), no (41); ICH volume 30 cc (=1), < 30 cc (4). Thirty-day mortality rates for subjects with predictor scale of ICH of 0,1,2,3,and 4 were 1.3%, 9.2-13.6%, 52.7-63.5%, 92.5 - 95.1%, and 99.3% respectively. Thirty-day mortality increased steadily with predictor scale of ICI

Conclusions. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality is Glasgow Coma Scale score, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and ICH volume. The ICH predictor scale can predict the risk stratification on patients with ICH. The use of a scale such ICH predictor scale could improve standardization of clinical treatment protocols."

"Latar Belakang: Perdarahan intraserebral spontan (PISS) berkaitan dengan luaran yang buruk dibandingkan dengan infark serebral, dapat menyebabkan disabilitas berat, yaitu menyebabkan kecacatan fisik, psikologis, dan fungsi sosial. Pada pasien yang secara CT scan terbukti terdapat hematom intraserebral supratentorial, pembedahan dan perawatan neurointensif mengurangi angka kematian atau kecacatan dibandingkan hanya dengan terapi medis saja. Pembedahan yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan luaran pasien dengan PISS yang selektif. Tujuan: Menilai luaran 6 bulan pasca operasi penderita perdarahan intraserebral spontan supratentorial yang di kelola Departemen Bedah Saraf RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Januari 2013-Agustus 2014 serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi luaran tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien perdarahan intra serebral spontan supratentorial yang dilakukan operasi evakuasi hematom di Departemen Bedah Saraf RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Januari 2013-Agustus 2014 menggunakan modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui catatan rekam medis. Hasil: Luaran 6 bulan setelah dilakukan operasi didapatkan luaran independent 7 pasien (38,9%) dan dependent 11 pasien (61,1%). Tidak didapatkan pasien meninggal selama follow up 6 bulan setelah operasi dari data ini. Berdasarkan lokasi perdarahan supratentorial, perdarahan lobar dengan luaran lebih baik dimana luaran independent 50% dibandingkan perdarahan deep seated dengan luaran independent 16,7%. Faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi seperti jenis kelamin, GCS, volume hematom, komorbiditas hipertensi serta diabetes melitus dan jenis tindakan tidak dapat dilakukan uji kemaknaan karena jumlah sampel yang sedikit. Kesimpulan: Luaran 6 bulan PISS supratentorial pasca operasi evakuasi hematom secara keseluruhan didapatkan lebih banyak dependent dibandingkan independent, dimana pasien perdarahan intraserebral spontan supratentorial lobar lebih baik dibandingkan dengan deep seated.

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Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage associated with poor outcomes compared with cerebral infarction, can cause severe disability, that causes physical disability, psychological, and social functioning. In patients who are the CT scan proved there supratentorial intracerebral hematoma, surgery and neurointensive care reduce mortality or disability compared only with medical therapy alone. Surgery can improve the outcome of patients with selective spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Purpose: Assessing outcomes 6 months postoperatively supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients who managed the Department of Neurosurgery Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, the period January 2013-August 2014 and the factors that affect these outcomes.

Method: A cross sectional study on patients with supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and evacuation operation conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital the period January 2013-August 2014. Evaluate outcomes using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The research data was obtained through medical record.

Result: Outcome 6 months after surgery obtained independent outcomes 7 patients (38.9%) and dependent 11 patients (61.1%). There were no patients died during the follow-up 6 months after surgery of this data. Based on the location supratentorial hemorrhage, lobar hemorrhage with better outcomes in which the outcome of the independent 50% compared to the deep-seated bleeding with independent outputs of 16.7%. Factors influencing such as sex, GCS, hematoma volume, comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus and type of action can not be performed because of the significance of test sample size slightly.

Conclusion: Outputs 6 months postoperatively PISS supratentorial hematoma evacuation as a whole gained more dependent than independent, which supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients with lobar better than the deep-seated."