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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
A direct solvent-extraction method was evaluated to assess its application for the extraction and analysis of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in coal-tar-contaminated soils. Eight individual solvents and two combined solvents were used in a screening test to determine the suitability of different solvents for the direct solvent-extraction method. Based on the extracted concentrations of the Total PAH, noncarcinogenic ride - were selected for further investigation by testing these solvents on four coal-tar-contaminated soils and a certified PAH -contaminated soil. The extraction results for the Total PAH and N-PAH concentrations showed that there were no statistical differences for the three solvents at a confidence interval of 95%. However, ethanol gave lower concentrations of C-PAH than acetone and methylene chloride. Fifteen coal-tar-contaminated soil samples from a land farming treatment unit were used to compare the direct solvent-extraction method using acetone as the extraction solvent with the conventional Soxhlet extraction method (EPA method 3540) and ultrasonic extraction method (EPA Method 3550). The results showed that the direct solvent-extraction method gave higher mean PAH concentrations than the Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction method and that the direct extraction method was equivalent to the Soxhlet method at a confidence interval of 99%. Because of its simplicity of use and its equivalent extraction capability with the Soxhlet extraction method, the direct solvent-extraction method may be used as a technique for the extraction and analysis of PAHs in contaminated soil.

Abstrak :
Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah masyarakat yang menggunakan kendaraan roda dua dimana menurut informasi dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Jakarta Selatan bahwa Tahun 2018 jumlah kendaraan bermotor di Kota Jakarta Selatan berjumlah 8.136.410 motor dan hal ini terus bertambah hingga tahun 2020. Dengan perawatan yang dilakukan pengendara motor, akan menghasilkan jumlah limbah yang tinggi khususnya untuk jenis limbah B3. Oleh karena itu, maka perlu adanya penelitian yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan limbah B3 pada aspek mengetahui komposisi, timbulan, evaluasi alur pengelolaan limbah B3 dari kegiatannya, pengetahuan pihak bengkel terkait pengelolaan limbah B3, serta memberikan rekomendasi dari hasil evaluasi dan pengamatan. Metode yang dilakukan adalah memberikan wawancara dan pengamatan secara langsung ke bengkel non resmi dan untuk pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 8529 : 2018 untuk pengambilan sampel, SNI 19 – 3964 – 1994 yakni metode pengukuran timbulan dan komposisi sampah perkotaan serta cara penilaian berdasarkan literatur. Jumlah komposisi limbah B3 yang dihasilkan dari tiga bengkel X, Y, dan Z yang paling banyak adalah pada oli bekas yaitu 48%, 49%, dan 73%, sedangkan timbulan tiga bengkel X, Y, dan Z yang dihasilkan rata – rata sejumlah 0,81 kg/motor, 0,83 kg/motor, dan 0,54 kg/motor. Secara keseluruhan, pengelolaan limbah B3 untuk ketiga bengkel ini tergolong buruk dari hasil penilaian. Adanya rekomendasi terkait alur pengelolaan yang belum sesuai dari berbagai jenis limbah B3 yang dihasilkan. ......According to Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Jakarta Selatan, the number of motorcycles in Jakarta has increased to 8.136.410 motors in 2018 and keep increasing until 2020. This affects the waste generation from the maintenance and repairs of motorcycle users, especially the hazardous and toxic waste. Therefore, this research aims to identify the activities that generate hazardous and toxic waste, analyze the existing hazardous and toxic waste management and its facilities, analyze composition and amount of hazardous and toxic waste generated, and give recommendations according to existing regulations. The method used in this research is interview and direct observation. Sampling is done according to SNI 85:2018, while the measurement of waste generation and its composition is done according to SNI 19-3964-1994. The result shows that used engine oil takes up the most part of hazardous and toxic generation in each repair shop, which are 48% for repair shop X, 49% of repair shop Y, and 73% for repair shop Z. The average hazardous and toxic waste generated from repair shop X is 0,81 kg/motor, Y is 0,83 kg/motor, and Z is 0,54 kg/motor. Overall, the hazardous and toxic waste management classified as bad from the result of the assessment. The recommendations for these repair shops are for container, storage, and transportaion aspects.

Abstrak :
Tingginya limbah B3 dari bengkel sepeda motor akibat dari meningkatnya kendaraan bermotor dapat memicu dampak yang berbahaya bagi manusia, lingkungan dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi mengenai pengelolaan limbah B3 di bengkel kendaraaan bermotor roda dua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi limbah B3 bengkel, menganalisis timbulan dan komposisi limbah B3 bengkel serta mengevaluasi pengelolaan limbah B3 dari aktivitas bengkel resmi sepeda motor. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994. Hasil penelitian timbulan limbah B3 bengkel selama delapan hari sampling pada bengkel 1, 2 dan 3 berturut-turut yaitu 0,66 kg/hari, 0,72 kg/hari dan 0,69 kg/hari. Limbah B3 yang dihasilkan adalah kain majun bekas, limbah oli, limbah botol oli, limbah botol coolant, dan onderdil bekas. Berdasarkan hasil observasi pengelolaan limbah B3 di bengkel, pengelolaan yang sudah diterapkan yaitu pewadahan, penyimpanan dan pengangkutan. Akan tetapi pengelolaan limbah B3 masih belum sesuai dengan peraturan. Rekomendasi untuk pengelolaan limbah B3 yaitu menyediakan wadah limbah padat berupa wadah plastik PVC/PP/HDPE, memasang simbol B3 dan label jenis limbah, menyediakan APAR, dan menggunakan kendaraan pengangkut tertutup ......The high level of hazardous waste from motorcycle repair shops as a result of the increase in motorized vehicles can trigger harmful impacts on humans, the environment and other living things. It is necessary to evaluate the management of hazardous waste in two-wheeled motor vehicle workshops. This study aims to identify hazardous workshop waste, analyze the generation and composition of workshop hazardous waste, also evaluate hazardous waste management from authorized motorcycle workshop activities. The sampling method used is based on SNI 19-3964-1994. The results of the study on the generation of hazardous waste in the workshop for eight sampling days at workshops 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were 0.66 kg/day, 0.72 kg/day and 0.69 kg/day. Hazardous waste generated include used cloth, waste oil, waste oil bottles, waste coolant bottles, and used auto parts. The results of observations of hazardous waste management in the workshop, the management that has been applied is receptacle, storage and transportation. However, hazardous waste management is still not in accordance with regulations. Recommendations for hazardous waste management are providing solid waste containers in the form of PVC/PP/HDPE plastic containers, installing hazardous symbols and waste type labels, providing fire extinguishers, and using closed transport vehicles.