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"This paper looks at the pattern of inequality and convergence of Indonesia's regional income since the 1970s. Although economic growth frameworks have mostly been applied to analyse cross-country growth and convergence, some regional country studies have been done. However, the impact of the macroeconomic conditions at the national level on regional inequality and the convergence process need to be incorporated.Indonesia is an interesting case study, since the economy has been through much turbulence in the lasat few decades from external shocks as well as some major national policy changes. The different record in sub national development has made regional inequality and growth a crucial topic."

"Industri penerbangan terus menghadapi tantangan signifikan seperti persaingan yang ketat dan penigkatan biaya operasional, sejalan dengan volume lalu lintas udara yang semakin tinggi, hal ini mengharuskan mereka mengembangkan strategi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, mengendalikan biaya operasi, dan mencari peluang untuk memaksimalkan pendapatan. Banyak perusahaan penerbangan telah melakukan diversifikasi bisnis dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Dengan situasi kompleks dalam beberapa kegiatan berbeda di unit-unit bisnis tersebut, akan sangat penting bagi perusahaan induk untuk menghasilkan manfaat setinggi mungkin dari strategi diversifikasi ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu manajemen Garuda Indonesia untuk menilai anak perusahaannya, apakah mereka menciptakan nilai untuk pemegang saham dan menemukan tindakan strategis yang bisa diambil Garuda Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kinerja masing-masing anak perusahaan, dimana hal ini berpotensi untuk meningkatkan kontribusi pendapatan dari anak-anak perusahaan. Dengan menggabungkan analisis pertumbuhan-laba dan skenario perencanaan, anak-anak perusahaan yang diselidiki adalah low-cost carrier, maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO), perusahaan catering, ground handling service, global distribution system (GDS), dan perusahaan jasa IT. Melalui analisis pertumbuhan-laba, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa MRO dan ground handling service adalah anak perusahaan yang menciptakan nilai bagi pemegang saham karena mereka menguntungkan dan memiliki prospek positif pada pertumbuhan mereka. Low-cost carrier, perusahaan catering, dan bisnis GDS menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak menguntungkan tetapi bisnis mereka diharapkan dapat menghasilkan keuntungan di masa depan. Sementara itu perusahaan jasa IT menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan itu menghancurkan nilai bagi pemegang saham karena tidak menguntungkan dan pasar memiliki perspektif negatif terhadap prospek bisnisnya kedepan. Selain itu, rekomendasi strategis untuk masing-masing anak perusahaan telah diberikan melalui studi ini melalui skenario perencanaan.

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The airline industry continues to face several significant challenges such as tight competition and rising operating expenses in line with higher traffic volumes, requiring them to develop the strategy to increase efficiency, control operating costs, and seek the opportunities to maximize revenue. Many airline companies have been diversifying their businesses in an effort to enhance their corporate performance. With the complex situations in several different activities in those business units, it will be crucial for the parent company to generate the highest possible benefits from this diversification strategy. The aims of this study is to help Garuda Indonesia’s top management to assess its subsidiaries whether they create value and discover the strategic actions that Garuda Indonesia could take to improve each subsidiary performance, as it is potential increase revenue contribution from subsidiaries. By combining the profitability-growth analysis and scenario planning, the subsidiaries investigated were the low-cost carrier, maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO), catering service, ground handling service, global distribution system (GDS), and IT services company. Through profitability-growth analysis, this study found that the MRO and ground handling business were the subsidiaries that create value for shareholders because they were profitable and have positive perspective on their growth prospect.  Low-cost carrier, catering service and GDS business indicate that they were unprofitable but their business were expected to be able to generate future profitability. Meanwhile IT service company implies that the company was destroying value for shareholders because of economic unprofitable and market has negative perspective of its future prospects. Moreover, the strategic recommendations for each subsidiary have been provided in this study through scenario planning."

"Indonesia has been running a decentralized reform era since 1 January 2001. The goal of decentralization is to accelerate the realization of prosperity through the improvement of public services. Fiscal decentralization then became the main benchmark of the successful creation of indicators of regional autonomy in addressing various problems in the regions, especially inequality and poverty. According to government data, Sumatra recorded a major contributor to national GDP growth while facing poverty, inequality constraints and also the largest mining sector. By using the shared and growth analysis and quadrant method, this research tries to provide policy-making recommendations based on the characteristics of the regions in Sumatra. Based on shared analysis, the biggest region is Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, Siak Regency, Rokan Hilir Regency, and Musi Banyuasin Regency. For the smallest region, it consists of West Nias Regency, North Nias, Toba Samosir, Gunung Sitoli and South Nias. From the growth analysis, it was found that Mesuji Regency, Southeast Aceh Padang Lawas Utara, Kota Padang Panjang and West Nias Regency have the highest growth in Indonesia. From the quadrant method, 20 regions are in quadrant I, about 54 other areas are in quadrant II, and 35 areas are in quadrant III. The largest part of the regional classification in the region of Sumatra is in quadrant IV. Based on these findings, fiscal policy in the future should be prioritized to develop on regional eradication in quadrant IV in terms of Transfer to Region."