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Abstrak :
High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed tungsten carbide ? cobalt (WC-Co) coatings exhibit attributes that allow them to be a candidate material for high temperature applications; such as temperature insulators for rocket nozzles. This application note investigates the effect of surface preparation, in this case the grit blasting process, on the characteristics of the so-formed coating. The WC-Co coatings exhibited high hardness and low porosity. The composition of WC-Co coating varied in different regions, but on average was close to the composition of the initial feedstock, implying that there was no preferential loss of the material during the spray process. Microanalysis indicated diffusion of tungsten to the interface between the coating and the substrate and partly explains the high bonding strength of the coating. These physical characteristics suggest that the HVOF sprayed WC-Co is an appropriate coating technology for rocket nozzles.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kondisi operasi yang agresif dalam berbagai bidang industri yang mengharuskan komponen-komponen didalamnya seperti pipa dan tube bekerja secara terus menerus dan sering kali menuntun kepada kegagalan. Kegagalan suatu komponen dalam suatu industri tentunya dapat membuat proses produksi terhenti untuk sementara waktu dan tentunya menimbulkan kerugian. Untuk dapat memperpanjang umur pakai komponen, high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) dianggap sebagai metode pelapisan yang sesuai. Sebelum melakukan pelapisan maka diperlukan proses persiapan permukaan terlebih dahulu, metode yang dipilih adalah grit blasting. Variasi yang dilakukan pada saat proses grit blasting berlangsung dapat menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekasaran permukaan substrat terhadap sifat mekanik lapisan paduan berbasis kobalt (cobalt base alloy) dengan metode HVOF. Kekasaran permukaan berbeda pada dua substrat berbeda yaitu ASTM SA213 T91 dan JIS G 3132 SPHT-2 diperoleh dengan memvariasikan tekanan (2, 3, 4, dan 5 bar) saat proses grit blasting berlangsung. Karakterisasi pada lapisan paduan berbasis kobalt difokuskan kepada struktur mikro, keausan lapisan, distribusi kekerasan mikro Vickers, dan tingkat porositas. Hasil ditemukan bahwa dengan meningkatkan tekanan grit blasting akan meningkatkan kekasaran permukaan tersebut dan meningkatkan penguncian mekanis antara lapisan dan subsratnya. Struktur mikro yang terbentuk merupakan tumpukan lamel dengan adanya porositas yang terjebak diantaranya. Pelapisan paduan berbasis kobalt dengan metode HVOF dapat meningkatkan kekerasan hingga dari 130-230 HV0,3 hingga 700-800 HV0,3. Perhitungan persen volume yang terbentuk menunjukan hasil dibawah 2%.

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ABSTRACT
Aggressive operating condition in various industrial fields which forcgin components within such as pipe and tube works continuously often lead to material failure. The failure of components in and industry would be able to make the production process stop and of course result in losses. To be able to extend the lifespan of components high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) is regarded as a suitable method. Before performing coating the surface preparation process is needed first, the chosen method is grit blasting. Variations were performed at the grit blasting takes place can produce different surface roughness. This study aims to determine the offect of surface rougness of the substrate to the mechanical properties of cobalt base alloy, with HVOF method. Different surface roughness at two different substrate namely ASTM SA213 T91 and JIS g 3132 SPHT-2 was obtained by varying the pressure (2, 3, 4, and 5, bars) when grit blasting take places. Characterization of the cobalt base alloy coating focused on the microstructure, specific wear rate, hardness distribution, and porosity. The result found that increasing the pressure at grit blasting process will increase the surface roughness and improve the mechanical interlocking between coating and substrate. Microstructure formed lamellar pile with trapped porosity between them. Cobalt base alloy coating with HVOF method enhance surface hardness from 130-230 HV0,3 to 700-800 HV0,3. All porosity measurement showed result below 2%.

Abstrak :
Pada makalah ini dibahas karakteristik lapisan WC-Co hasil proses thermal spray dengan teknik HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) yang akan diaplikasikan pada pada nosel roket RX-10Q guna menggantikan pelapis grafit masif yang berat. Untuk itu, dilakukan studi pengaruh kekasaran permukaan terhadap kekuatan lekat dan struktur mikro lapisan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa variasi tekanan proses penyemprotan (grit blasting) menyebabkan variasi kekasaran permukaan, dimana semakin besar tekanan yang diberikan, semakin kasar permukaan yang diperoleh. Namun, kekuatan kohesi lapisan dan kekerasan lapisan WC-Co tidak dipengaruhi oleh kekasaran permukaan tersebut. Hasil penelitianjuga menunjukkan bahwa tanpa proses persiapan permukaan, lapisan WC-Co thermal spray tidak dapat melekat dengan baik pada logam dasarnya. Analisa struktur mikro lapisan WC-Co menggunakan mikroskop optik dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa lapisan WC-Co relatifpadat dengan komposisi bervariasi pada daerah berbeda. Terdapat indikasi terjadinya difusi W pada daerah antar-fasa yang berkontribusi pada tingginya kekuatan lekat lapisan. ......This research investigated the characteristics of HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) thermal spray WC-Co coating to be applied on the nozzle of RX-100 rocket. In particular, it studied the effects of surface preparation on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the coating. The results showed that the grit blasting pressure directly influences the surface roughness of the substrate, in -which the greater the pressure, the higher the surface roughness. However, the cohesive strength and hardness of the coating are not affected by the surface roughness. This research also showed that without grit blasting, the WC-Co coating can not be applied on the substrate. Microstructural analysis of the WC-Co coating showed that this coating is relatively dense with variety in chemical content on different area. An indication of the diffusion of Win the interfacial area was found, which is thought to contribute to the high strength of the coating.

Abstrak :
Nozzle of RKX l00 rocket contributes 30 % to the total weight of the structure, so that allowing further research on weight reduction. An alternatiye for this is by substitution of massive graphite, which is currently used' as thermal protector in the nozzle, with thin layer of HVOF (High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) thermal spray layer. A series of study on the characteristics of various type of HVOF coating material have been conducted This paper presents the investigation on the HVOF Cr,C3-NiCr thermal spray coating, particularly, the optimization of bonding strength by varying surface roughness of substrates. Characterization includes bonding strength test, microhardness measurement and microstructural analysis by both optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The results showed that grit blasting pressure increases the surface roughness from 4.54 ,urn to 5.72 _um at the pressure of 6 bar. Average microhardness of the coating is 631 VHN_;m.Coating applied to the Surface with roughness of 5.42 ,ann possessed the highest bonding strength of 4 4 MPa. Microstructural observation by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed dense lamellae structure with variable composition. High coating adherence was found to be due to mechanical interlocking.

Abstrak :
Dengan semakin meningkatnya perkembangan teknologi, tentunya dibutuhkan pula komponen alat produksi pada industri yang mampu menahan kondisi operasi agresif yang mengakibatkan kegagalan material seperti keausan, korosi dan oksidasi temperatur tinggi. Salah satu metode pelapisan material untuk menangani dan mencegah kegagalan tersebut adalah Thermal Spray. Pada penelitian ini, material JIS G 3132 SPHT-2 dan ASTM A213 - T91 diberi perlakuan grit blasting dengan variasi tekanan 2 bar, 3 bar, 4 bar dan 5 bar untuk mendapatkan kekasaran permukaan yang berbeda. Lalu material diperlakukan proses pelapisan dengan metode pelapisan High Velocity Oxygen Fuel. Karakterisasi hasil pelapisan difokuskan pada struktur mikro, morfologi lapisan yang terbentuk, jumlah porositas, distribusi kekerasan dan laju keausan lapisan. Penambahan tekanan grit blasting menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan substrat yang meningkat. Hasil pelapisan menghasilkan struktur mikro yang bertumpuk atau lamel dengan porositas dibawah 2%, dan kekerasan yang dihasilkan sebesar 872 HV. Namun, tidak terdapat pengaruh kekasaran permukaan terhadap laju keausan maupun kekerasan yang diperoleh. ......As technology develops, industries require production component that can withstand agressive operating condition that leads to failure, such as wear, corrosion and high temperature oxidation. Thermal spray is a method to handle and prevent failures of material. In this study, substrate was roughened with grit blasting pressure variation of 2 bar, 3 bar, 4 bar and 5 bar to get the varied surface roughness. Material used was subject to be coated with High Velocity Oxygen Fuel thermal spraying. Characterization of coating deposits focused on microstructure, morphology of the coating, porosity, hardness distribution and wear rate. With the increasing of grit blast pressure, results in a more rough surface. Coating results in a lamellae structure with porosity percentage under 2% and coating hardness to 872 HV. But, there is no direct effect of the surface roughness to the wear rate nor the hardness.