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"Aliran granular adalah campuran tanah, batuan, dan air yang bergerak cepat dan sering terjadi di daerah dataran tinggi dimana ia dapat menimbulkan bahaya yang signifikan karena sifatnya destruktif. Seringkali, aliran ini tidak dapat dihentikan sepenuhnya, sehingga harus dipertimbangkan untuk meminimalkan dampak aliran dengan menggunakan struktur penghilang energi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi keampuhan berbagai struktur pengendali debris, termasuk bendungan, penyekat, dan saringan drainase bawah, menggunakan simulasi numerik GeoXPM. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa struktur kontrol yang ditempatkan di lokasi yang strategis dapat meningkatkan kontrol aliran debris secara signifikan, dengan konfigurasi struktural yang optimal. Efektivitas penanggulangan struktur diukur berdasarkan parameter berikut: jarak limpasan dan massa kegagalan. Studi ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya struktur kontrol yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi geologi yang beragam untuk meningkatkan manajemen aliran debris.

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Granular flow is a rapid-moving mixture of soil, rock, and water often occurring in high-altitude regions which pose significant hazards due to its destructive nature. Often times, the flow cannot be stopped completely, hence one may feasibly consider minimizing the impact of the flow using control structures. This research explores the efficacy of different structural countermasures, including check dams, baffles, and bottom drainage screens, using GeoXPM numerical simulations. The findings reveal that strategically placed control structures significantly improve debris flow control, with optimal structural configurations. The effectiveness of the structural countermeasures is gauged based on following parameters: runout distance and failure mass. This study underscore the importance of tailored control structures across diverse geological conditions to improve debris flow management."

"This textbook explores the theory of Cosserat continuum mechanics, and covers fundamental tools, general laws and major models, as well as applications to the mechanics of granular media. While classical continuum mechanics is based on the axiom that the stress tensor is symmetric, theories such as that expressed in the seminal work of the brothers Eugène and François Cosserat are characterized by a non-symmetric stress tensor. The use of von Mises motor mechanics is introduced, for the compact mathematical description of the mechanics and statics of Cosserat continua, as the Cosserat continuum is a manifold of oriented “rigid particles” with 3 dofs of displacement and 3 dofs of rotation, rather than a manifold of points with 3 dofs of displacement. Here, the analysis is restricted to infinitesimal particle displacements and rotations. This book is intended as a valuable supplement to standard Continuum Mechanics courses, and graduate students as well as researchers in mechanics and applied mathematics will benefit from its self-contained text, which is enriched by numerous examples and exercises. "