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Abstrak :
When comparing the laws of different jurisdictions, one often sees only the forest or the trees. This is particularly problematic in comparative company law, where students hope both to understand the overall framework of the law and grasp its practical application. This text's structure, now in its second edition, solves that dilemma. Chapters open with discursive analyses of the law in each of Germany, the UK and the US (Delaware, the ABA Model Business Corporation Act, and federal securities laws) and set out the high-level governing framework, particularly for the EU and its member states. This analysis is succinct and pointed, with numerous references to both the law and leading scholarship. The whole text is arranged to highlight comparative aspects. Diagrams are used where helpful. Chapters close with edited judicial decisions from at least two of the jurisdictions discussed, which allows fresh exploration of comparison in more detail, and pointed questions to guide class discussion.

Abstrak :
Party Autonomy Principles ensure that arbitration remains flexible in its nature and by ensuring an integral part of the proceedings namely the parties ability to tailor the procedure of their arbitration to their needs. This autonomy also includes the basic right of parties to be able to freely appoint, constitute, challenge and remove arbitrators commonly referred to as Rules Governing Arbitrators. BANI, the oldest arbitral institution in Indonesia, however, is known for having policy and implementation in its governing regulations which undermine party autonomy. This research discusses firstly, the differences of party autonomy in regulations governing BANI Arbitration Centre (hereinafter shall be called BANI) proceedings in comparison to Singapore International Arbitration (SIAC) proceedings in both arbitration law and rules. Secondly, this research discusses the necessity in the reform of regulations governing BANI proceedings. By conducting a juridical normative legal research, applying a comparative approach, it can be concluded that institutional arbitration at BANI still hinders party autonomy by having increased thresholds of qualifications for arbitrators and challenge requirements as well as inability to be able to nominate a presiding arbitrator, making the usage of BANI unpopular in the region as opposed to SIAC. Secondly, regulations governing BANI proceedings must be reformed for reasons of flexibility, certainty and efficiency. The suggestion would be to reform in terms of arbitration law, for Indonesia to adopt with modifications provisions in regard to the appointment, selection and challenge of arbitrators in the UNCITRAL Model Law.

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Prinsip party autonomy, kemampuan para pihak untuk menyesuaikan prosedur arbitrase mereka dengan kebutuhan dan maksud mereka dan mencakup hak dasar para pihak untuk dapat secara bebas menunjuk membentuk majelis mengajukan keberatan terhadap; dan memecat arbiter, dalam arbitrase memastikan bahwa proses arbitrase tetap fleksibel namun BANI, sebagai institusi arbitrase tertua di Indonesia, terkenal mempunyai pengaturan dan implementasi yang merendahkan party autonomy. Penelitian ini membahas perbedaan yang berkaitan dengan party autonomy dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan arbitration rules yang mengatur proses beracara di BANI dibandingkan dengan SIAC. Penelitian ini juga membahas keperluan reformasi peraturan yang mengatur proses beracara di BANI. Penelitian dengan metode yuridis normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan komparatif ini menyimpulkan bahwa arbitrase institusional di BANI berbeda dengan SIAC, yang mana arbitrase institusional di BANI masih menghalangi party autonomy dalam hal ambang kualifikasi untuk arbiter, persyaratan keberatan terhadap arbiter dan ketidakmampuan untuk dapat menunjuk atau bahkan menominasikan seorang arbiter ketiga dalam suatu sidang membuat penggunaan BANI sangat tidak populer di wilayah Asia dibandingkan dengan SIAC. Peraturan yang mengatur proses beracara di BANI harus direformasi untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas, kepastian hukum dan efisiensi dalam prosedur beracara BANI. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk merevisi UU No. 30 Tahun 1999 dan peraturan beracara di BANI dengan mengadopsi UNCITRAL Model Law.

Abstrak :
Keppres No. 4 Tahun 1984 dan Ka. BPN NO. 169/HPL/BPN/89 merupakan kedua peraturan yang mendasari diberikannya Hak Pengelolaan kepada Badan Pengelola Gelora Senayan yang sekarang dikenal dengan Gelora Bung Karno. Kedua peraturan ini memberikan wewenang yang cukup besar dan menyangkut tanah yang cukup luas di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Namun, pemberian ini dapat dan telah menimbulkan konflik sengketa pertanahan antara pemerintah dengan swasta dalam hal ini PT. Indobuildco (kasus Hilton). Karenanya perlu dibahas kedua peraturan tersebut baik dari segi riwayatnya, perolehan, maupun keberlakuan dari peraturan tersebut. Dengan demikian hal yang menjadi pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah Hak Pengelolaan dapat diberikan di atas tanah dengan Hak Perorangan dan apakah secara hukum dapat dibenarkan bahwa dengan suatu Keputusan Presiden tentang Badan Pengelola langsung secara otomatis membatalkan hak atas tanah yang telah ada sebelumnya serta memberlakukan hak baru di atas tanah tersebut. Metode penelitian hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yang bersifat ekplanatoris, dimana data berasal dari data hukum primer, sekunder, dan tertier. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan agar para pemegang hak atas tanah mengetahui jaminan kepastian hukum atas haknya tersebut apabila berhadapan dengan suatu peraturan perundangan yang terkait dengan hak atas tanahnya tersebut, diharapkan pula dalam penelitian ini diperoleh suatu gambaran umum tentang salah satu sengketa pertanahan yang cukup menjadi fenomena di negeni ini dengan jumlah kerugian Negara yang cukup besar. Setelah dilakukan penelitan dalam tulisan ini, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa Hak Pengelolaan tidak dapat diberlakukan terhadap tanah yang masih dilekati dengan hak atas tanah lain. Bahwa tidak dibenarkan suatu Keputusan Presiden membatalkan Hak Atas Tanah yang telah ada sebelumnya.

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Presidential Decree No. 4th , 1984 and The Head of National Land Body No. 1691HPLIBPN189 are the regulations which given an authority to Badan Pengelola Gelora Senayan (has known as Gelora Bung Karno). Those regulations have given a lot of authority to the lands in Jakarta. This authority or the governing right (Hak Pengelolaan) can make conflicts between government cq. Badan Pengelola Gelora Senayan and people who have the rights of the lands. Due to that reasons, it needs a research to those regulation in many aspects from the history, procedures and validity. This research are focus on "is the governing right can be valid on the others rights of land and Is it legal one presidential decree (No. 4th, 1984) can be automatically valid and denied the existing rights." This research has used based on explanatory law methods research which gain data from prime, second, third data. The goals of this research are people have known their rights to the lands which proved by certificate of land and the guarantee of law in the certificate. From this research, we can have a big picture about land problems in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta (according to the governing right Badan Pengelola Gelora Senayan. The conclusion of this research are governing right (Hak Pengelolaan)can not be apply in the land which still exist the other rights of land and The President Decree No. 4th , 1984 can not cancel the existing rights of lands.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan adanya inkonsistensi putusan dan perdebatan para ahli terkait pengaturan mengenai hukum yang berlaku dalam Pasal 42 Konvensi ICSID. Hal ini menjadi semakin rumit dengan dipengaruhinya penerapan Pasal 42 Konvensi ICSID dalam sengketa ICSID yang didasarkan pada Investment Treaty. Untuk membahas permasalahan ini, maka akan digunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisa yuridis-normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, adanya fungsi dari investment treaty untuk memberlakukan hukum internasional ketika digunakan sebagai dasar arbitrase. Selain itu, investment treaty juga dapat menjadi metode pilihan hukum dalam sengketa ICSID sesuai dengan Pasal 42 Konvensi ICSID.

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This study is motivated by the inconsistency of awards and scholars debate regarding the applicable law in investment disputes under Article 42 of the ICSID Convention. Such situation became more complex when a dispute is initiated under an investment treaty. This affects the application of Article 42 of the Convention. This study uses normative legal research and juridical-normative analysis to address the issue. The outcome of this study is to point out the proper functionality of investment treaties to enforce international law when investment treaty is used as a basis for arbitration. Furthermore, such an investment treaty can also be applied as a choice of law method in ICSID disputes in accordance with Article 42 of the ICSID Convention.

Abstrak :
The Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials. This three-volume encyclopedia comprises approximately uniform 600 entries.

Abstrak :
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to design sensitivity analysis theory as applied to electromagnetic systems. It treats the subject in a unified manner, providing numerical methods and design examples. The specific focus is on continuum design sensitivity analysis, which offers significant advantages over discrete design sensitivity methods. Continuum design sensitivity formulas are derived from the material derivative in continuum mechanics and the variational form of the governing equation. Continuum sensitivity analysis is applied to Maxwell equations of electrostatic, magnetostatic and eddy-current systems, and then the sensitivity formulas for each system are derived in a closed form; an integration along the design interface. The book also introduces the recent breakthrough of the topology optimization method, which is accomplished by coupling the level set method and continuum design sensitivity. This topology optimization method enhances the possibility of the global minimum with minimised computational time, and in addition the evolving shapes during the iterative design process are easily captured in the level set equation. Moreover, since the optimization algorithm is transformed into a well-known transient analysis algorithm for differential equations, its numerical implementation becomes very simple and convenient. Despite the complex derivation processes and mathematical expressions, the obtained sensitivity formulas are very straightforward for numerical implementation. This book provides detailed explanation of the background theory and the derivation process, which will help readers understand the design method and will set the foundation for advanced research in the future.