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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Anak anak merupakan generasi penerus bangsa. Perubahan pada citra tubuh misal pembengkakan pada leher yang disebabkan goiter dapat menyebabkan persepsi negatif terhadap diri sendiri. Kelainan pada kelenjar tiroid dapat mengakibatkan diantaranya penyakit kardiovaskuler, hipertensi, stunting, dan gangguan kesuburan pada wanita. Dampak lainnya adalah siswa yang terkena goiter memiliki nilai rata-rata lebih rendah rata-rata nilai pelajarannya daripada siswa normal. Kecamatan Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes merupakan daerah dengan kategori parah untuk kejadian goiter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah aplikasi berbasis web yang bisa digunakan untuk melakukan skrining untuk kejadian Goiter pada anak-anak yang terpapar pestisida dengan parameter evaluasi yaitu Sensitivitas, Spesifitas, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, data didapatkan dari penelitian Rasipin tahun 2011. Jumlah data yang akan digunakan sebanyak 53 anak yang positif goiter dan 48 anak yang negatif goiter. Metode machine learning akan diimplementasikan dengan aplikasi WEKA. Hasil analisa dengan 10-fold Cross Validation didapatkan bahwa dengan sebelas variabel mampu mengenali siswa normal sebesar 92% dengan nilai Sensitivitas, Spesifitas, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value berurutan sebesar 49%, 92%, 87% dan 62%. Prototipe sistem pintar untuk memprediksi kejadian goiter dapat dikembangkan, dan dapat digunakan untuk skrining kejadian goiter pada anak yang terpapar pestisida.

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ABSTRACT
Children are the next generation of a nation. Changes in body image such as swelling of the neck caused by goiter can produce negative self perceptions. Abnormalities in the thyroid gland results in cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stunting and fertility disorders in women. Another impact is that students affected by goiter have lower average grades than normal students. Bulakamba Subdistrict(Brebes District) is a region with a severe category of goiter cases. The purpose of this study was to create a web based application which can be used to screen out the Goiter cases in children exposed to pesticides with evaluation parameters namely sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. This study used secondary data which were obtained from Rasipin's research. Determination of goiter cases in the study was done using palpation method. The amount of data used was 53 positive-goiter children and 48 goiter-negative children. Machine learning techniques were then implemented using WEKA version 3.8.2 application. The analysis results with 10-fold Cross Validation showed that with 11 variabel, was able to recognize normal students by 92% with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 49%, 92%, 87% and 62%, respectively. Smart sistem for predicting goiter cases can be developed and be used for screening goiter on children exxposed to pesticide.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT Goiter in school children is one of the symptoms of iodine deficiency for a long period. This condition will have a wide spectrum of mental, psychomotor and growth abnormalities if there is no correction immediately. According to many studies, there is an interaction between selenium, vitamin A and iodine. Indonesia has a program of iodine supplementation to eradicate IDD; however, there is still prevalence of IDD in endemic areas. It can be suspected that goiter is not only caused by low intake of iodine but also by other cause, trace elements such as selenium, calcium and other heavy metals. In Indonesia, the study of trace elements is still needed. Therefore, this study has the main objective to assess the effect of selenium and vitamin A supplementation on the goiter size among school children in Central Java. The study was conducted in Cimanggu sub-district, Cilacap district, Central Java Province, Indonesia from November 1997 till January 1998. School children age 8 - 12 years with palpable goiter was allocated randomly into 2 groups? treatment and control. First group receive once 400 mg iodine capsule and vitamin A (200,000 [ti); Selenium (200p.gram) twice/week for 8 weeks. Second group receive once 400 mg iodine capsule and vitamin A (200,000 IU); placebo. At the beginning and the end of the study, serum selenium, goiter size, UIE, weight and height were measured. The prevalence of goiter based on palpation was 40.5%. By using ultrasound, the subjects with palpable goiter were 57.3% in treatment and 46.7% in control who positively suffering from goiter. Mean of selenium status of both groups was low (29.lpgll in treatment and 30.1 pgll in control) compared with normal value (86-99 µgI1). After two-month supplementation, serum selenium was increased in treatment group (29.1 to 44.1µg11), but decreased in control group (30.1 to 23.2 p,gll). Median of Urinary Iodine Excretion before supplementation was already high, the prevalence of U1 E < 100 ggll was 5.3% in treatment and 6.7% in control. After supplementation the mean of UIE was increased significantly. The change of UlE was not different between treatment and control. Thyroid volume of both groups was decreased significantly (p

Abstrak :
Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY), merupakan masalah yang serius di Indonesia. Pada saat ini di Indonesia diperkirakan ada sekitar 10 juta orang menderita gondok, 750.000-900.000 menderita kretin endemik dan 3,5 juta menderita GAKY Iainnya. Dampak negatif dari GAKY berpengaruh langsung terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia, anak-anak yang menderita kekurangan yodium mempunyai rata-rata IQ 13,5 point lebih rendah dibandingkan mereka yang cukup mendapat yodium. Pemerintah menempuh 2 macam upaya penanggulangan GAKY di Indonesia, yaitu melalui upaya pemberian kapsul minyak beryodium yang diprioritaskan pada wanita usia subur 15-49 tahun termasuk ibu hamil dan ibu nifas dan penggalakkan penggunaan garam beryodium di masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan demand masyarakat terhadap penggunaan garam beryodium, Pusat Promosi Kesehatan telah melakukan kampanye penggunaan garam beryodium melalui media TV dan Radio pada tahun 1998/1999. Namun data yang telah dikumpulkan baru dianalisis secara univariat, sehingga dirasa perlu untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut melalui penulisan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian garam beryodium rumah tangga di 10 propinsi daerah endemik Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) di Indonesia tahun 1999.Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder hasil evaluasi kampanye garam beryodium melalui media TV dan Radio yang dilakukan Pusat Promosi Kesehatan pada tahun 1999 terhadap 600 responden wanita usia subur di 10 propinsi GAKY di Indonesia. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan program komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 462 responden (77%) menggunakan garam beryodium, sedangkan sisanya menggunakan garam lain. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan garam beryodium antara lain: Pengetahuan, Pendidikan, Niat, Ketersediaan garam beryodium, dan Keterpaparan terhadap media. Dari ke-lima faktor tersebut, ketersediaan garam beryodium merupakan faktor yang mempunyai hubungan paling dominan dengan penggunaan garam beryodium dengan nilai Odds Ratio (OR)=l,36I (95% CI 1,30 - 1,43). Artinya responden dengan ketersediaan garam beryodium di sekitar tempat tinggalnya, kemungkinan akan menggunakan garam beryodium 1,361 kali dibandingkan dengan responden yang disekitar tempat tinggalnya tidak tersedia garam beryodium. Atas dasar hasil penelitian tersebut, kepada pengelola program GAKY disarankan untuk melakukan advokasi secara intensif kepada lintas sektor, terutama sektor yang berkaitan dengan distribusi garam beryodium untuk menjamin ketersediaan garam beryodium di seluruh Indonesia. Disamping itu, kampanye penggunaan garam beryodium perlu dijaga kesinambungannya, karena dari hasil penelitian juga terbukti bahwa keterpaparan media berhubungan dengan penggunaan garam beryodium. ......Factor Related to Iodized Salt Usage in Ten Province Subjected to Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) in Indonesia Year of 1999There are many people in Indonesia still suffer from goiter. 10 million from 42 million people which living in area with deficiency of iodine are suffering this disease. IDD has negative impact directly to quality of human resources, especially concerned to intelligence and productivity. In this study we looking for some factor related to iodized salt usage in ten IDD province in Indonesia. Independent factors in this study are predisposition factors (knowledge, willingness, and education), enabling factor (salt availability), and enforcing factor (media). We were looking for some relation of these three variables with iodized salt usage as dependent variable. This study using cross sectional design to secondary data of 600 respondents (women in fertile age) in ten IDD province (GAKY) in 1999, which collected by Health Promotion Center of Health Department of Republic of Indonesia. From 600 respondents which being studied, 462 respondents (77%) using iodized salt. Factor that related to iodized salt usage is availability of iodized salt, media exposure, knowledge, and level of education. The most dominant factor is iodized salt availability (OR 1,361; 95%CI 1,30-1,43), which means respondents which easy to find iodized salt have 1,361; possibility to use iodized salt compared to those who difficult to find iodized salt. We recommend to Department of Trade and Industry to ensure the availability of iodized salt in public, and to IDD program's management to improve campaign of benefits of iodized salt usage to public.

Abstrak :
Rendahnya asupan yodium berhubungan dengan ekskresi yodium urine (EYU) yang tidak normal. Asupan yodium yang terlalu rendah juga menyebabkan kelenjar tiroid tidak mampu mempertahankan sekresi hormon yang adekuat sehingga timbul hipertrofi tiroid yang menimbulkan goiter. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan asupan yodium, EYU, dan goiter pada wanita usia subur (WUS) di daerah endemis defisiensi yodium. Penelitian observasional potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 115 WUS di Kecamatan Prambanan Sleman yang dipilih secara random. Asupan yodium diukur menggunakan metode food recall 24 jam, EYU diukur dengan metode acid digestion, dan goiter diukur dengan cara palpasi. Hubungan antarvariabel dianalisis dengan uji kai kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek dengan asupan yodium kurang sebanyak 83,5% dan asupan yodium cukup sebanyak 16,5%. Subjek dengan goiter sebanyak 13% dan tanpa goiter sebanyak 87%. Subjek defisiensi yodium sebanyak 15,7% (tingkat berat 2,6%; tingkat sedang 3,5%; tingkat ringan 9,6%), yang normal sebanyak 31,3%, sedangkan yang lebih sebanyak 20,8% dan ekses sebanyak 32,2%. Asupan yodium berhubungan dengan EYU, tetapi goiter tidak berhubungan dengan asupan yodium dan EYU. ......The low iodine intake, associated with insufficiency of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Iodine intake is too low, also causes the thyroid gland is unable to maintain adequate hormone secretion, influence the thyroid hypertrophy that causes goitre. This study aimed to examine the relationship of iodine intake, UIC, and goiter on women of childbearing age in endemic areas of iodine deficiency. This cross-sectional observational study was performed 115 randomly selected women of childbearing age at sub-district of Prambanan, Sleman Regency. Iodine intake was measured using 24-hour food recall method, UIC measured by acid digestion method, and goiter measured by palpation method.The association between variables were analyzed by chi square test. The result that subjects with less iodine intake 83.5%, and 16.5% sufficient iodine intake. Subjects with goiter 13%, 87% non goitre. Iodine deficiency subjects 15.7% (severe 2.6%; moderate 3.5%; mild 9.6%), adequate 31.3%, more than adequate 20.8%, and excessive 32.2%. Iodine intake associated with UIC, but not related between goitre with iodine intake and UIC.