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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas produk beta-1,3 glukan hasil ekstraksi dari Agrobacterium sp Bro 1.2.1 isolat lokal galur tipe liar dan galur tipe mutan terhadap penyembuhan luka terbuka pada hewan coba tikus putih galur Sprague Dawley yang dibuat luka terbuka. Ekstraksi produk beta-1,3 glukan dilakukan dengan cara pengendapan dan dilanjutkan dengan pemurnian pada kromatografi kolom sebagai fraksi gradien KCl. Percobaan uji aktivitas dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dengan Povidon iodium, dua kelompok dari dua produk beta-1,3 glukan komersil dengan dosis masing-masing 0,02 mg/4 cm2 , tiga kelompok beta-1,3 glukan uji dengan dosis masing-masing yaitu 0,02 mg/4 cm2, 0,10 mg/ 4 cm2 dan 0,5 mg/ 4 cm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kontrol negatif dengan kontrol positif dan kelompok uji pada dosis tertinggi 0,5 mg/4 cm2 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif (p<0.05) menggunakan analisis statistik beda nyata terkecil.

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Production of beta-1,3 glucan from Agrobacterium and its wound healing activity on white rat. The objective of this study was to determine the activity of beta-1,3 glucan product extracted from local Agrobacterium sp Bro 1.2.1, both wild-type and mutant-type, on opened-wound healing process. Beta-1,3 glucan product was extracted by precipitation, and the purification was carried out by column chromatography as KCl gradient fractions. In this study, white Sprague Dawley rats were employed, and have been treated for opened-wound condition. Seven groups were performed in this experiment, i.e. the negative control, the positive control employing povidone iodine, the two groups of two commercial beta-1,3 glucan with 0,02 mg/4 cm2 each, and the last three groups of beta-1,3 glucan as the test group with 0,02 mg/4 cm2, 0,10 mg/4 cm2 and 0,50 mg/4 cm2, respectively. The result showed significant differences of wound-healing activity performing statistical analysis of the least significance between the negative control, the positive control, as well as the highest dose of the test group of beta-1,3 glucan, at the dose of 0,5 mg/4 cm2 (p<0.05).

Abstrak :
Ganoderma lucidum (hereafter G. lucidum) has been known as a food and raw material used in the development of medications because of its high content of polysaccharides, or ?-glucans, which support the immune function. In this work, subcritical water was applied to utilize G. lucidum for the extraction of polysaccharides at temperatures of 373–463K and a pressure level of 4.0 MPa using a semi-batch system. Furthermore, these extracts were atomized and contacted with hot air to produce microsphere particles. During extraction, thermal softening of G. lucidum occurred, allowing the removal of the polysaccharides and protecting other constituents in G. lucidum via hydrolysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the microsphere particles formed were spherical and dimpled or shriveled particles with diameters varying from 1 to 6 ?m. Characteristics of the molecular mass revealed that main massed peaks of water soluble products were distributed at around 688–2636 m/z with a peak-to-peak mass difference of 162 m/z, consistent with the repeating unit of the glucans.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengurangi risiko PKV di Indonesia dengan menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan apolipoprotein B melalui pemberian serat larut β-glukan Tempat: P.T. National Gobel, Bogor. Bahan dan Cara: Penelitian eksperimental dengan disain pre dan post test, dengan subyek penelitian pria, usia > 40 tahun, kadar kolesterol total 220-300 mg/dL, tidak menderita hipotiroid, gangguan hati, sindroma nefrotik, diabetes melitus dan tidak mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol. Subyek penelitian diberikan 75 g oatmeal yang mengandung 3,5 g serat larut β-glukan setiap hari selama 42 hari. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data sosiodemografi, pemeriksaan antropometri, data asupan makan sebelum dan selama penelitian, pola makan dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B plasma sebelum dan sesudah penelitian. Hasil : Data sosiodemografi menunjukkan sebagian besar subyek mempunyai aktivitas ringan, berpendidikan sedang dan mempunyai penghasilan di atas garis kemiskinan. Data antropometri menunjukkan IMT dan rasio Lpe/Lpa sebelum dan sesudah penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05), sedangkan pada Lpe terjadi penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Penilaian pola makan subyek penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar subyek mempunyai pola makan yang cukup. Asupan energi dan zat gizi sebelum dan selama penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05), kecuali asupan serat yang meningkat bermakna (p<0,05) selama penelitian. Persentase asupan energi dan zat gizi bila dibandingkan dengan yang dianjurkan, antara lain didapatkan persentase asupan lemak jenuh lebih dari yang dianjurkan sedangkan asupan serat kurang dari yang dianjurkan. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B sesudah penelitian menunjukkan penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,01). Kesimpulan: Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi pada subyek penelitian kemungkinan disebabkan asupan lemak jenuh yang tinggi dan asupan serat yang rendah. Pemberian 75 g oatmeal selama 42 hari terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B. ......SubjectsObjectives: To reduce CVD risks in Indonesia by reducing the elevated plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotien B level with β-glucan soluble fiber. Location: P.T. National Gabel, Bogor. Material and Method: Experimental study with pre and post test design bad been carried out on male subjects age > 40 years, with total cholesterol concentration 220 to 300 mg/dl, not suffer from hypothyroid, liver disorder, nephritic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and did not take any cholesterol reducing agents. Subjects were given 75 g of oatmeal (contain 3.5 g β-glucan soluble fiber) daily for 42 days. The data collected before and during the study were sociodemographic data, anthropometric and food intake. Eating pattern, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B plasma level were also recorded before and after the study. Result: Socio-demographic data showed that most of the subjects have light activities, moderate education and have monthly income per capita above the poverty line. Anthropometric data showed that BMI and WHR did not differ significantly before and after the study. Eating pattern assessment showed that most of the subjects had moderate eating pattern. Energy and nutrient intake before and after the study did not significantly different (p>0,05) except for fiber intake which increased significantly (p<0,05) during the study. Percentage of nutrient and energy intake compared with recommended showed that saturated fat intake is higher while fiber intake is lower. The study showed a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Conclusion: High cholesterol level in the subjects was likely brought about by high saturated fat and low fiber intakes consumption of 75 g oatmeal daily for 42 days showed to lower the concentration of the plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B.

Abstrak :
Ekstraksi dengan bantuan enzim dan gelombang mikro menjadi proses baru untuk mengekstrak polisakarida dari Ganoderma lucidum (PGL). Cellic® CTec2 dipilih sebagai en-zim yang membantu dalam ekstraksi gelombang mikro. Empat variabel yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi enzim (%), waktu reaksi enzimatik (menit), rasio pelarut terhadap padatan (mL/g), dan waktu ekstraksi gelombang mikro (menit). Analisis statistik dari hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi enzim dan rasio pelarut terhadap padatan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap respons dalam rentang yang dipelajari. Rendemen ekstraksi polisakarida dari percobaan yang dilakukan pada kondisi optimum menunjukkan kesesuaian yang baik dengan prediksi dari model. Metode EMAE menunjukkan rendemen PGL yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode HWE. PGL dari metode EMAE memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 79,47 ± 0,71% (DPPH) dan 0,884 ± 0,013 mM Fe2+/L (FRAP), dimana nilai ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang diperoleh dari metode HWE yaitu 45,73 ± 1,79% (DPPH) dan 0,691 ± 0,038 mM Fe2+/L (FRAP). Selanjutnya kandungan ?-glukan PGL dari metode EMAE sebesar 0,70 ± 0,04 g/10 g, sedangkan dari metode HWE hanya 0,22 ± 0,03 g/10 g. ......Enzyme-Microwave Assisted Extraction (EMAE) is a new process for extracting Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs). Cellic® CTec2 was chosen as an enzyme that assists in microwave extraction. The four variables involved in this study were enzyme concentration (%), enzymatic reaction time (minutes), solvent-to-solid ratio (mL/g), and microwave extrac-tion time (minutes). This study showed that the enzyme concentration and solvent-to-solid ratio had a significant effect on the response in the range studied. Yield extraction of polysaccharides from experiments conducted at optimum conditions showed good agreement with the predictions from the model. The EMAE method showed a higher polysaccharide extraction yield than hot water extraction (HWE) method. GLPs from EMAE method had antioxidant activity of 79.47 ± 0.71% (DPPH) and 0.884 ± 0.013 mM Fe2+/L (FRAP), where these values were higher than those of the HWE method, 45.73 ± 1.79% (DPPH) and 0.691 ± 0.038 mM Fe2+/L (FRAP). Furthermore, the ?-glucan content of GLPs from the EMAE method was 0.70 ± 0.04 g/10 g, while from the HWE method was only 0.22 ± 0.03 g/10 g.