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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Kebocoran mikro masih menjadi masalah utama dalam bidang kedokteran gigi karena dapat menyebabkan bakteri dan cairan mulut masuk diantara dinding kavitas dan tumpatan. Tujuan. Mengevaluasi kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensional dan RMGIC. Metode. Gigi premolar dipreparasi pada bagian oklusal dengan ukuran 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm, kemudian ditumpat dengan GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II dan Fuji II LC. Kemudian, spesimen direndam dalam akuabides, setelah 24 jam direndam dalam larutan pewarna methylene blue 1%, kemudian dipotong melintang arah bukolingual dan diamati di bawah stereomikroskop. Hasil Penelitian. Kebocoran mikro paling besar terjadi pada GIC Fuji IX, diikuti dengan Fuji II dan Fuji II LC. Kesimpulan. Terdapat kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensional dan RMGIC, dimana derajat kebocoran mikro pada GIC Konvensional lebih besar dibandingkan RMGIC.

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Background. Microleakage around restoration is still a major problem in clinical dentistry, which can cause the penetration of bacteria and oral fluids between the cavity wall and the restoration. Objectives. To evaluate the microleakage of Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration. Methods. The premolars were prepared oclusally to a size of 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm dimensions, and were filled with GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II, and Fuji II LC. Then, all specimens were stored in aquabidest, after 24 hours all specimens were immersed in 1 % methylene blue dye, then were sectioned in a buccolingual direction, and inspected under stereomicroscope. Results. GIC Fuji IX showed maximum leakage followed by Fuji II and Fuji II LC. Conclusions. The microleakage was evident in Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration, where the microleakage degree in Conventional GIC were greater than RMGIC.

Abstrak :
The adhesive of composite resin has been used for direct bonding of a bracket system of bracket fixed orthodontic treatment by etching. The disanvantage of etching is enamel loss and difficult procedure. Modified glass ionomer cement has been suggested as a bracket bonding system without etching. The chemical bonding without etching can reduce enamel loss and make the procedure more efficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of modified glass ionomer cement as metal Begg bracket bonding system with and without etching. The subject of this study consisted of two groups which had 15 intact extracted permanent human upper bicuspids for each group. Group I was etched with ortho phosphate acid (37%) for 20 seconds and bonded with modified glass ionomer cement. Group II was untreated and bonded with the same adhesive. The shear bond strength was measured with Pearson Pankee Equipment, and bond failure location was observed under stereo microscope. To differentiate the effects with and without etching, t test was performed, while to observe the location of bond failures, chi-square test was conducted. The results of this study indicated that the shear bond strength of modified glass ionomer cement as bonding system metal Begg Brackets with etching was significantly higher (p<0.001) than without etching. Without etching, bond failure occured between enamel and bonding agent. With etching, the bond failure was mostly found within the adhesive.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam oliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah dilakukan pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu diberikan perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satu material tersebut adalah bonding agent. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kedalaman intrusi air terhadap kekerasan SIK. Metode: 12 spesimen SIK dengan diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa bahan pelindung, kelompok 2 diaplikasikan varnis, dan kelompok 3 diaplikasikan bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan ke dalam inkubator dalam suhu 370C. Selanjutnya setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2 bagian, pada satu bagian dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kedalaman intrusi air menggunakan measuring microscope sedangkan pada satu sisi lainnya dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kekerasan menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil: Pada tiap kelompok terdapat hubungan korelasi yang kuat antara kedalaman intrusi air dan kekerasan SIK dengan nilai korelasi -0,868 dan nilai p < 0,05 . Kesimpulan: Semakin dalam intrusi air pada SIK, semakin rendah kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material consisting of calcium fluoroaluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing, GIC is sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit the setting reaction, therefore it is needed a protection by materials which are watertight and one of them is bonding agent. Aim: To analyze the relation of the depth water intrusion to the hardness of GIC. Method: 12 specimen with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were divided into 3 groups: the first group wasn?t given a coating, the second group was given varnish, and the third group was given bonding agent. All specimen were soaked in methylene blue 0,1% during 24 hours and placed in incubator with 370C in temperature. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 parts, one part was measured to know the depth of water intrusion by measuring microscope while the other part was measured to know its hardness by Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result is analyzed statistically. Result: There is a strong correlation between the depth of water intrusion and the hardness of GIC in each group with correlation value -0,868 and p value < 0,05. Conclusion: The deeper the water intrusion of GIC, the lower the hardness of GIC.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent. Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kekerasan SIK. Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5mm dan tebal 2mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylen blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan dalam inkubator dalam suhu 37oC. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya dengan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur ke kekerasan permukaannya dengan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kekerasan SIK tertinggi ada pada kelompok bonding agent. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat meningkatkan kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroalluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing process, GIC becomes sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit setting reaction, therefore it needs to be protected with waterproof material, such as bonding agent. Aim: Analyzing effect of bonding agent application in the hardness of GIC. Method: 12 GIC specimens with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: first group were without coating, second group were coating with varnish, and third group were covering with bonding agent. All specimens were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% for 24 hours and stored into incubator 37o C. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 pieces, one part was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope while the other part was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result was analized statistical. Result: At 3 groups show there was significant difference, the highest hardness score is bonding agent?s group. Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could increase the hardness of GIC.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyikatan dengan dan tanpa pasta gigi charcoal terhadap kekerasan permukaan material restorasi semen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin. Metode penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakan semen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin Fuji II LC. Sejumlah 24 spesimen berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm yang dipolimerisasi dengan menggunakan LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux selama 20 detik dengan irradiansi 800 mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37C selama 24 jam. Spesimen diukur kekerasan permukaan awal dengan dengan Knoop Microhardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 DT yang diindentasikan dengan beban 50 gf selama 15 detik. Selanjutnya, specimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n=8) dengan perlakuan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal Colgate Total Professional Clean®, dan pasta gigi dengan charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal Deep Clean® selama 4 menit 40 detik setara satu bulan penyikatan dengan beban 150 gram menggunakan Oral-B DB4010 Advance Power Battery Toothbrush. Spesimen kemudian dibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner selama 20 detik dan diuji kekerasan permukaan akhir. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova untuk menilai perbedaan kekerasan permukaan antara kelompok penyikatan. Hasil: Semen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin yang diberikan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal, dan pasta gigi charcoal menunjukkan peningkatan kekerasan permukaan yang signifikan antar kelompok (p<0,5). Peningkatan kekerasan permukaan paling tinggi terjadi pada penyikatan dengan pasta gigi charcoal. Kesimpulan: Semen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin setelah penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung charcoal memiliki kekerasan permukaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasta gigi yang tidak mengandung charcoal ......Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of brushing with and without charcoal toothpaste to surface hardness changes of resin modified glass ionomer cement. Method: Resin modified glass ionomer cement Fuji II LC was used in this study. 24 specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thinkness with disk-shaped were prepared and polymerized using LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux in 20 seconds with irradiance 800 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37C aquadest solution for 24 hours. Specimens were measured initial surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 with 50 gf indentation in 15 seconds. Futhermore, specimens were divided into three groups (n=8); brushed using distilled water (group A), toothpaste without charcoal Colgate Total Professional Clean® (group B), and toothpaste with charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal Deep Clean® (group C) for four minutes and 40 seconds (equivalent to a month brushing) using Oral-B DB4010 Advance Power Battery Toothbrush with a load of 150 gr. Specimens were cleaned with ultrasonic cleaner in 20 seconds and were measured for final surface hardness. Data were anylized using One Way Anova to assess the significant differences between brushed groups. Result: The value of surface hardness of resin modified glass ionomer cement specimens were increased significantly between groups (p<0,05). The enhancement of surface hardness value of charcoal toothpaste was highest between brushed groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that resin modified glass ionomer cement specimens after brushed with charcoal toothpaste have a higher surface hardness than toothpaste without charcoal

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent. Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kedalaman intrusi air pada SIK. Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis, dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan dimasukkan dalam inkubator dengan suhu 370 C. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya menggunakan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur kekerasan permukaannya menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kedalaman intrusi air tertinggi ada pada kelompok tanpa perlakuan dan paling rendah pada kelompok bonding agent. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat menurunkan kedalaman intrusi air pada SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At initiation stage of reaction after mixing, GIC becomes sensitive with air and water which can inhibit setting reaction so it needs to be protected with waterproof material, the one is bonding agent. Aim: To analize bonding agent?s effect in depth of water intrusion in GIC. Method: 12 GIC speciments with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: group 1 without any protecting layer, group 2 was coated with varnish, and group 3 was coated with bonding agent. All speciments were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% as long as 24 hours and was put into incubator 370 C. Then, each samples was cut off into 2 pieces, one side was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope dan the other was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. After that, the result was analized statistical. Result: At 3 groups showed there was significant difference, the highest water intrusion depth score was group without any protecting layer and the lowest score was bonding agent?s group. Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could decrease the depth of water intrusion in GIC.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 yang tidak mengandung alkohol terhadap perubahan warna Semen Ionomer Kaca yang dilapisi coating agent. Spesimen Semen Ionomer Kaca Konvensional dan Semen Ionomer Kaca Modifikasi Resin dilapisi varnish dan nanofilled coating agent masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 10 buah. Spesimen yang telah dilapisi coating agent direndam dalam aquades selama 24 jam pada inkubator bersuhu 37°C. Spesimen dikeluarkan dari inkubator dan direndam dalam chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 yang tidak mengandung alkohol selama 2 menit setiap hari. Spesimen direndam kembali pada aquades dan diletakkan pada inkubator. Proses ini diulang selama dua minggu. Nilai perubahan warna dihitung setelah perendaman dalam chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 yang tidak mengandung alkohol pada hari ke-3, ke-7, dan ke-14. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok yang dilakukan pada hari ke-3, ke-7, dan ke-14 p0,05 serta perbedaan yang bermakna p.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 which does not contain alcohol to discoloration of Glass Ionomer Cement coated by coating agent. Glass Ionomer Cement and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements coated by varnish and nanofilled coating agent and 10 specimens each group. Specimens coated by coating agents were incubated in aquades for 24 hours at 37°C. Specimens removed from the incubator and immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 which does not contain alcohol once a day for two minutes. Spesimens then were immersed again in aquades and incubated. This process repeated for two weeks. Color measurements were made on day 3, 7, and 14 after the specimen immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate. The result showed that there were significant differences between day 3, 7, and 14 p0,05 on day 3 and 7, and significant differences to Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements coated by varnish and nanofilled coating agent.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : SIK sebagai bahan restorasi memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan secara kimiawi terhadap struktur gigi dan kemampuan melepaskan fluoride sehingga cocok digunakan pada pasien dengan risiko karies tinggi namun memiliki kekuatan mekanis yang buruk. Modifikasi bahan restorasi SIK melalui penggabungan dengan bahan bioaktif untuk mendapatkan manfaat seperti meningkatnya sifat mekanis, sifat antibakteri dan potensi remineralisasi telah di sebutkan pada beberapa literatur penelitian. Pada studi ini, bubuk carboxymetyl-chitosan (CMC) ditambahkan pada komponen bubuk dari SIK konvensional. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh modifikasi material semen ionomer kaca (SIK) dengan carboxymetyl-chitosan (CMC) terhadap Kekuatan kompresi dan morfologi permukaan. Metode: Tiga puluh lubang pada cetakan akrilik silindris Diameter 4 mm tinggi 8 mm diisi dengan material SIK (FUJI IX, GC corp, Japan), modifikasi SIK dengan CMC 5% dan 10% yang di campurkan pada komponen bubuk SIK. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol SIK (n=10) dan kelompok SIK-CMC 5% (n=10) serta kelompok SIK-CMC 10% (n=10). Kekuatan kompresi diukur dengan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (Tensilon RTG-10Kn, A&D, Japan) dan dihitung dengan rumus KK= P/(πr2) dimana P adalah beban maksimum dan r adalah radius dari spesimen. Data dianalisis dengan analisis statistik menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan Post hoc Bonferroni (p<0,5). Morfologi permukaan material modifikasi SIK-CMC dan kontrol di amati dengan menggunakan Scanning Electronic Microscope (EVO MA-0, Zeiss, Germany). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok modifikasi SIK-CMC 5% dan SIK-CMC 10% dengan kelompok kontrol (One-Way ANOVA; p<0,05). Berdasarkan uji Post Hoc Bonferroni (p<0,5) terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna Kekuatan kompresi pada material modifikasi SIK-CMC 5 % dan SIK-CMC 10% dengan kelompok kontrol SIK. Modifikasi SIK dengan CMC mempengaruhi perubahan morfologi berupa berkurangnya porusitas dan bertambahnya permukan retakan seiring dengan penambahan persentase CMC. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi SIK dengan Penambahan CMC Mengurangi kekuatan kompresi dengan rerata hasil paling rendah pada penambahan CMC 10%. Porusitas permukaan material modifikasi SIK dengan penambahan CMC memiliki kecenderungan berkurang dan bertambahnya permukaan retakan yang melebar seiring dengan penambahan persentase CMC ......Background: GIC as a restorative material has the ability to chemically bond to the structure of teeth and the ability to release fluoride so that it is suitable for use in patients with a high caries risk but has poor mechanical strength. Modification of GIC restorative materials with combination with bioactive materials to obtain benefits such as increasing mechanical properties, antibacterial properties and remineralization potential has been mentioned in some research literature. In this study, Carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMC) is added to the powder phase of conventional GIC to increase the compressive strength. Objective: to analyze the influence of modified GIC with the addition of CMC on compressive strength and surface morphology. Methods: Thirty holes in a cylindrical acrylic mold, each hole has a diameter of 4 mm and thickness of 8 mm, were filled with conventional GIC restorative material (FUJI IX, GC corp, Japan), modified GIC with 5% CMC and 10% CMC added in the powder phase. The samples were divided into 3 groups: control group GIC (n=10), GIC-CMC 5% group (n=10) and GIC-CMC 10% group (n=10). The compressive strength measurement performed with Universal testing machine (Tensilon RTG-10Kn, A&D, Japan), and were calculated according to the following equation: CS= P/(πr2) Where P is the maximum load and r is the radius of the cylinder-shaped specimen Statistical analysis was done by One-Way ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni (p<0.05). The surface morphology of the material modification of GIC-CMC and control group was observed using the Scanning Electronic Microscope (EVO MA-0, Zeiss, Germany). Results: There is a significant difference between the GIC-CMC 5% and GIC-CMC 10% modification groups and the control group (One-Way ANOVA; p<0.05). Based on the Post Hoc Bonferroni (p<0.5) test there is a significant difference in compressive strength in SIK-CMC modification materials of 5% and SIK-CMC of 10% with the SIK control group. Modification of SIK with CMC affects morphological changes in the form of reduced porosity and increased fractures along with the addition of CMC percentage.Conclusion: Modification of GIC with CMC addition reduces compressive strength with the lowest average yield at 10% CMC addition. The surface porusity of SIK modification material with the addition of CMC tends to decrease and increase the surface of cracks that widen along with the addition of CMC percentage.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan terkini dari semen ionomer kaca (SIK) telah menjadikannya sebagai sebuah bahan restorasi gigi yang sangat baik, namun sifat mekaniknya masih perlu ditingkatkan. Sifat mekanik dari semen ionomer kaca dapat ditingkatkan melalui inkorpoasi kristal nano fluorhidroksiapatit, salah satu mineral penyusun jaringan keras gigi sehingga memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis kristal nano fluorhidroksiapatit dengan tingkat fluoridasi yang berbeda melalui metode yang cepat dan efisien serta mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan kristal nano fluorhidroksiapatit terhadap kekerasan mikro semen ionomer kaca yang telah dimodifikasi melalui inkorporasi kristal nano fluorhidroksiapatit. Kristal nano fluorhidroksiapatit dengan tingkat fluoridasi 0 hingga ~95% disintesis melalui metode presipitasi yang dibantu iradiasi gelombang mikro. Fase kristal, gugus fungsi, morfologi permukaan, dan tingkat fluoridasi dari bubuk yang telah disintesis ditentukan melalui difraksi sinar-X (XRD), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), mikroskop pemindai elektron (SEM), dan energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX) secara berturut-turut. Kemudian, bubuk fluorhidroksiapatit yang telah disintesis ditambahkan ke dalam semen ionomer kaca komersial (Fuji IX, GC Gold Label) dengan jumlah sebanyak 5 wt%, 7,5 wt%, dan 10 wt%. Semen ionomer kaca yang tidak mengalami penambahan fluorhidroksiapatit digunakan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Kekerasan mikro dari semen yang telah dikondisikan selama 24 jam di dalam air distilasi bersuhu 37 °C dievaluasi dengan penguji kekerasan mikro Vickers. Metode karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa bubuk yang telah disintesis merupakan fluorhidroksiapatit berukuran nano dengan tingkat fluoridasi yang berbeda. Kekerasan mikro dari semen yang dimodifikasi menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi (54-100 HV) dibanding kelompok kontrol (48,94 HV). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan fluorhidroksiapatit dengan tingkat fluoridasi yang berbeda pada penambahan sebanyak persentase massa yang sama tidak menghasilkan perbedaan signifikan pada kekerasan mikro semen yang dimodifikasi. Selain itu, kekerasan mikro dari semen yang dimodifikasi akan meningkat dengan penambahan fluorhidroksiapatit maksimum sebanyak 7,5 wt% dan kemudian berkurang dengan penambahan lebih lanjut. ......Recent developments of glass ionomer cement (GIC) have made it to become an excellent dental restorative material, nevertheless, its mechanical properties still need to be improved. The mechanical strength of glass ionomer cement could be enhanced through the incorporation of fluorhydroxyapatite nanocrystal, one of the minerals that compose dental hard tissues and therefore have great biocompatibility. This study aims to synthesize fluorhydroxyapatite with different degrees of fluoridation through a fast and efficient method and to evaluate the effect of fluorhydroxyapatite nanocrystals addition to the microhardness of glass ionomer cement modified by the incorporation of fluorhydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Fluorhydroxyapatite nanocrystals with 0 to ~95% fluoridation degrees were synthesized through a microwave-assisted precipitation method. The crystal phase, functional groups, surface morphology, and fluoridation degrees of the synthesized powder were determined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, respectively. Thereafter, synthesized fluorhydroxyapatite powder was added to commercial glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX, GC Gold Label) with an amount of 5 wt%, 7.5 wt%, and 10 wt%. The glass ionomer cement which did not undergo fluorhydroxyapatite addition was used as the control group. The microhardness of the cement which has been conditioned for 24 hours in distilled water at 37 °C were evaluated with Vickers Microhardness Tester. Characterization methods revealed that the synthesized powder was nano-sized fluorhydroxyapatite with different degrees of fluoridation. The microhardness of the modified cement exhibited higher values (54-100 HV) compared to the control group (48.94 HV). The results showed that the difference in fluoridation degrees of fluorhydroxyapatite at the addition of the same mass percentage did not produce a significant difference in the microhardness among the modified cement. On the other hand, the microhardness of the modified cement would increase with the addition of fluorhydroxyapatite maximum at 7.5 wt% addition, and then decreases with further addition.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi pasta CPP-ACP terhadap kekerasan permukaan semen ionomer kaca saat perendaman dalam jus jeruk kemasan. Delapan belas spesimen semen ionomer kaca Fuji IX dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok; tanpa CPP-ACP Kelompok A, dioleskan CPP-ACP selama 3 menit Kelompok B, dan dioleskan CPP-ACP selama 30 menit Kelompok C. Spesimen direndam dalam jus jeruk kemasan dan diuji kekerasannya menggunakan Vickers Hardness Tester. Data dianalisa menggunakan One-Way ANOVA.

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This study aims to identify the effect of CPP ACP paste towards surface hardness of glass ionomer cement when immersed in orange juice. Eighteen specimens of Fuji IX Glass Ionomer Cement were divided into three groups without CPP ACP Group A, applied with CPP ACP for 3 minutes Group B, and applied with CPP ACP for 30 minutes Group C. Specimens were immersed in orange juice and tested for surface hardness using Vickers Hardness Tester. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA.