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"ABSTRAK Severe gingival enlargement (GE) is one of the most commonly observed adverse effects in patients who have undergone renal transplants due to the use of cyclosporine A. Objectives: We aimed to gain more insight into the prevalence of GE in patients with renal transplants. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for relevant studies from January 1990 to January 2018. Using random effects models, we calculated summary incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 595 patients from 10 studies were included. Patients using cyclosporine A with or without any other drugs had a 62.6% (95% CI, 41.9% until 79.5%) incidence of GE. Subgroup analysis according to diagnostic criteria showed that the incidence of GE was lower when using well defined diagnostic criteria or scoring system. The incidence of GE was 88.2% (95% CI, 80.9% until 93.0%) in patients using cyclosporine A with nifedipine. Cyclosporine A without nifedipine was associated with a significantly decreased risk of GE incidence when compared with the combination of cyclosporine A and nifedipine (odds ratio:0.198, 95% CI, 0.083 until 0.473, P < 0.001). Conclusions: It is important for all clinicians to know the effects of the aforementioned drugs and the treatment options. "

"Latar belakang: Crossbite merupakan salah satu maloklusi yang sering ditemukan di masyarakat. Crossbite dapat menyebabkan trauma oklusi yang dapat memperberat penyakit periodontal. Masih jarang dijumpai penelitian yang langsung menghubungkan pengaruh crossbite terhadap jaringan periodontal. Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan crossbite dengan status periodontal. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional pada 68 subjek normalbite dan 68 subjek crossbite menggunakan data kartu status rekam medik Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 20010-2015. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 rerata resesi gingiva, kehilangan perlekatan, dan perdarahan gingiva pada subjek normalbite dibandingkan dengan subjek crossbite. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna.

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Background: Crossbite is one of the most common malocclusion found in the society. Crossbite is a potential cause of trauma from occlusion and can be a cofactor of periodontal diseases. However, research on the effects of crossbite on periodontium is still rare.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between crossbite and periodontal status.

Method: A cross sectional study of 68 subjects with normalbite and 68 subjects with crossbite using dental records of patients in Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015. Data was statistically analyzed by Mann Whitney test.

Result: There were no statistically significant differences p 0,05 in the mean values of gingival recession, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding between normalbite and crossbite groups. However, statistically significant difference."

"Background: Gingival inflammation is a response of the gingival to bacterial plaque and clinically characterized by red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily. The accumulation of bacterial plaque was due to bad oral hygiene and predisposed by smoking habit.Aim: To determine the relation between smoking and oral habit with gingival inflammation.Method: The information was taken from interview about smoking history, type of cigarette, quantity and duration of smoking, frequency and technique of tooth brushing, and also clinical examination of gingival status by Loe and Silness gingival index of 72 subjects at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.Results: The result showed that there were 32 smokers and 40 non smokers. Statistical test showed that no relation between smoking history, type of cigarette, quantity of smoking, duration of smoking, and frequency of tooth brushing with gingival inflammation (p>0,05), however there was a relation between the tooth brushing technique and gingival inflammation (p<0,05).Conclusion: A relation between tooth brushing techniques with gingival inflammation was evident among the subject however there was no relation between smoking habit and tooth brushing frequency with gingival inflammation.

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Latar Belakang: Keradangan gingiva adalah inflamasi pada gingiva dengan gambaran klinis berupa perubahan warna jaringan, perubahan bentuk jaringan dan perdarahan. Penyebab langsung keradangan gingiva adalah plak yang terbentuk karena kebersihan mulut yang buruk dan dapat diperberat oleh merokok.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dan menyikat gigi dengan keradangan gingiva.Metode: Dilakukan wawancara mengenai riwayat merokok, jenis rokok, banyaknya rokok per hari, lama merokok, teknik menyikat gigi, serta frekuensi menyikat gigi. Pemeriksaan klinis keradangan gingiva menggunakan indeks gingiva menurut Loe dan Silness pada 72 masyarakat di sekitar fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia.Hasil: Didapatkan 32 perokok dan 40 bukan perokok. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat merokok, jenis rokok, banyaknya rokok yang dihisap, lamanya merokok, dan serta frekuensi menyikat gigi dengan keradangan gingiva (p>0,05) namun teknik menyikat gigi berhubungan dengan keradangan gingiva (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Teknik menyikat gigi berhubungan dengan keradangan gingiva namun kebiasaan merokok dan frekuensi menyikat gigi tidak berhubungan dengan keradangan gingiva pada masyarakat di sekitar Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKMahkota tiruan dikatakan ideal bila dalam jangka waktu minimal 5 tahun tidak terjadi kerusakan, termasuk jaringan pendukungnya. Kenyataan sering dijumpai keluhan pasien yang menggunakan mahkota tiruan sebelum 2 tahun pemakaian, antara lain gingivitis, rusaknya facing, perubahan warna facing sampai dengan lepasnya mahkota tiruan itu sendiri. Untuk mengevaluasi hasil perawatan dengan mahkota tiruan, telah dilakukan penelitian klinis dan radiologis terhadap mahkota tiruan dan jaringan pendukungnya pada pasien yang dibuatkan mahkota tiruan di klinik spesialis FKG - UI tahun 1991-1993. Evaluasi perawatan pada pasien dilakukan dengan cara obyektif dengan pemeriksaan klinis dan radiologis, maupun cara subyektif melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Dari pemeriksaan terhadap 24 kasus, ternyata menunjukkan : gingivitis {50%), terbukanya tepi servikal (25%) dan abses (33,3%) dari total kasus Sedangkan kerusakan facing, perubahan warna facing, kerusakan metal, terjadinya karies pada gigi tetangga, kontak prematur dan kelainan periodontitis persentasenya relatif kecil. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa dalam waktu relatif singkat pada perawatan dengan mahkota tiruan di klinik spesialis FKG-U2, telah terjadi kegagalan yang cukup besar.

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"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is impacted in the etiology of inflammatory periodontal disease. Aside from immunopathologic reactions which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, the possibility exist that direct cytotoxic effect on cultured human gingival fibroblasts may be equally destructive. The expression of P53 protein can be one of markers to examine the state of impaired DNA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of LPS toward expression of P53 protein on cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Cultured human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to LPS in concentrations of 50 and 200 ug/ml and untreated medium for a period of 24 and 48 hours. Cells were harvested and prepared for immunohistochemical evaluation. After exposure for 24 and 48 hours, the fraction of P53-positive cells was 81.7% in case of 50 ug/ml LPS, and 88.8% in case of 200 ug/ml LPS. After exposure for 48 hours, the fraction of P53-positive cells was 32.2% in case of 50 ug/ml LPS, and 21.1% in case of 200 ug/ml LPS. None of untreated group showed p53-positive cells. Up-regulation of p53 protein during the initial logarithmic phase of growth may be a consequence of on-going DNA damage."

"Latar Belakang: Menopause adalah salah satu bagian dari siklus alami kehidupan reproduktif perempuan, yang merupakan berhentinya menstruasi selama 12 bulan berturut-turut. Saat menopause, produksi hormon esterogen dan progesteron menurun. Penurunan kedua hormon ini hingga hampir nol berlanjut sampai ke tahap askamenopause, yaitu fase lanjutan dari menopause. Penurunan hormon esterogen dan progesteron menyebabkan munculnya beberapa perubahan klinis pada rongga mulut, terutama pada gingiva yang dapat mengarah ke keradangan gingiva dan kesehatan rongga mulut.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis status keradangan gingiva pada perempuan paskamenopause.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-section). Dilakukan wawancara mengenai lama menopause dan pemeriksaan klinis keradangan gingiva menggunakan Papillary Bleeding Index (Saxer dan Muhlemann) pada 93 orang perempuan paskamenopause di wilayah Bekasi.Hasil: Rata-rata usia perempuan paskamenopause yang diteliti 61 tahun (SD ±7,2). 79 orang perempuan paskamenopause yang diteliti memiliki skor PBI baik, dan 14 orang perempuan paskamenopause memiliki skor PBI sedang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara keradangan gingiva dengan lama menopause (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara keradangan gingiva (mean 1,15, SD ±0,36), dengan tingkat akumulasi plak gigi (mean 1,91, SD ±0,6), kalkulus gigi (mean 2,12, SD ±0,67), dan tingkat kebersihan mulut (mean 2,25, SD ±0,62), dan antara lama menopause dengan tingkat kebersihan mulut.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status keradangan gingiva sangat berkaitan dengan akumulasi plak gigi, kalkulus gigi, serta tingkat kebersihan mulut perempuan paskamenopause, sehingga prosedur pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut perlu dilakukan secara berkala.

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Background: Menopause, which was a part of female?s reproductive life natural cycle, confirmed when women had no menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. When menopause appeared, the production of estrogen and progesterone hormone decreased. The decreasing almost reached zero and continued until postmenopausal phase, which was a continue phase from menopause. The impact of the decreasing estrogen and progesterone hormone has made several clinical changes in oral cavity, especially in gingival, which could lead to gingival inflammation and oral health.Objective: To analyze the gingival inflammation status in postmenopausal women.Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study using the cross-sectional study method. Years since the last menopausal period were obtained from 93 postmenopausal women in Bekasi area. Clinical examination of gingival inflammation was studied using Papillary Bleeding Index (Saxer and Muhlemann).Results: The mean age of postmenopausal women was 61 years (SD ±7, 2). 79 postmenopausal women had a good PBI scores and 14 postmenopausal women had moderate PBI scores. There was no correlation between gingival inflammation and period of time since postmenopausal women had their last menstruation (p>0, 05). There were significant correlation (p<0, 05) between gingival inflammation (mean 1, 15, SD ±0, 36) and dental plaque accumulation (mean 1, 91, SD ± 0,6), with dental calculus (mean 2,12, SD ±0,67), and OHI-S (mean 2,25, SD ±0,62). There was a strong correlation (p<0, 05) between OHI-S and period of time since postmenopausal women had their last menstruation.Conclusion: Gingival inflammation strongly correlated with dental plaque accumulation, dental calculus, and OHI-S in postmenopausal women, so good oral hygiene procedures were needed periodically."

"Inflamasi gingiva adalah kondisi patologis yang paling sering disebabkan oleh plak bakteri.Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) adalah immunoglobulin yang menonjol pada saliva dan merupakan mekanisme pertahanan spesifik utama rongga mulut.Secretory immunoglobulin A meningkat jika terdapat stimulus imunologi lokal, salah satunya adalah alat ortodonti cekat.Pada penggunaan alat ortodonti cekat juga terjadi peningkatan akumulasi plak dan inflamasi gingiva. Penelitian mengenai hubungan sIgA dengan inflamasi gingiva menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar sIgA saliva dan inflamasi gingiva pada anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat. Sampel saliva didapatkan dari 16 anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat dengan inflamasi gingiva dan 16 yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat tanpa inflamasi gingiva. Seluruh subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan Gingival Index untuk menilai inflamasi gingiva,dan sample saliva diukur kadar sIgAnya dengan ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif lemah tidak bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva dan inflamasi gingiva pada anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat (r =0,282 p=0.290). Semakin tinggi kadar sIgA saliva pada anak yang menggunakan alat ortodonti cekat, maka semakin tinggi inflamasi gingivanya.

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Gingival Inflammation is a pathologic condition that often caused by bacterial plaque. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the main immunoglobulin in saliva and specific defense mechanism in oral cavity.Secretory immunoglobulin A is stimulated by local immune factor. Orthodontic fixed appliance is one of the local factor. Fixed appliance may increase the value of plaque and gingival inflammation. Research about correlation between sIgA level and gingival inflammation shows vary results. This study aimed to analyze correlation between salivary sIgA and gingival inflammation in children with fixed ortodontic appliance.Saliva samples were collected from 32 children with ortodontic appliance. Sixteen of them have gingival inflammation, and 16 of them have no gingival inflammation. Gingival Index were examined and use ELISA to asses salivary sIgA level. The study showed there is weak and not significant positive correlation between salivary sIgA level and gingival inflammation in children with orthodontic appliance (r =0,282 p=0.290)."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Parafunctional habit (clenching dan bruxism) menurunkan kualitas hidup melalui atrisi, abfraksi, dan resesi gingiva. Penelitian mengenai hal tersebut belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui distribusi atrisi, abfraksi, dan resesi gingiva pada pasien dengan parafunctional habit. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder dari 70 rekam medis periodonsia subjek parafunctional habit di RSKGM FKG UI periode 2013-2017. Hasil: Distribusi terbanyak ditemukan pada subjek parafunctional habit dengan atrisi (50%), dan diikuti atrisi dan abfraksi (32,86%). Distribusi atrisi tertinggi pada subjek clenching terlihat di gigi 31, 32, dan 42 (1,23%), dan pada subjek bruxism di gigi 42 (5,31%). Distribusi abfraksi tertinggi pada subjek clenching terlihat di gigi 14 dan 15 (1,04%), dan pada subjek bruxism di gigi 14 dan 24 (7,25%). Mayoritas subjek parafunctional habit mengalami resesi gingiva (87,14%). Resesi gingiva akibat clenching (42,55%) dan bruxism (30,47%) sering terjadi pada sisi bukal. Resesi gingiva tertinggi pada subjek clenching ditemukan pada gigi 42 (8,51%), sedangkan pada subjek bruxism ditemukan pada gigi 41 (5,5%). Kesimpulan: Subjek parafunctional habit yang mengalami atrisi sebanyak 50%, atrisi dan abfraksi sebanyak 32,86%, dan resesi gingiva sebanyak 87,14%.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Parafunctional habit (clenching and bruxism) decreases quality of life through attrition, abfraction, and gingival recession. No study has evaluated about the problem in Indonesia. Objective: Evaluate distribution of attrition, abfraction, and gingival recession in subjects with parafunctional habit. Methods: A descriptive study using secondary data from 70 periodontal medical records of parafunctional habit subjects in RSKGM FKG UI 2013-2017. Result: Highest distribution was found in parafunctional habit subjects with attrition (50%), followed by attrition and abfraction (32.86%). Highest attrition distribution was seen in tooth 31, 32, and 42 (1.23%) of clenching subjects, and tooth 42 (5.31%) of bruxism subjects. Highest abfraction distribution was found in tooth 14 and 15 (1.04%) of clenching subjects, tooth 14 and 24 (7.25%) of bruxism subjects. Majority of parafunctional habit subjects got gingival recession (87.14%). Gingival recession from clenching (42.55%) and bruxism (30.47%) often occurred at buccal site of teeth. Highest gingival recession was found in tooth 42 (8,.51%) of clenching subjects, and tooth 41 (5.5%) of bruxism subjects. Conclusion: Parafunctional habit subjects experiencing attrition were about 50%, attrition and abfraction were about 32.86%, and gingival recession were about 87.14%."

"Latar Belakang: Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) yang menjadi standar baku emas perawatan resesi gingiva memiliki tingkat kesulitan perawatan yang cukup tinggi, serta menimbulkan rasa cemas dan ketidaknyamanan pada pasien. Hidrogel gelatin banyak dikembangkan dalam bidang tissue engineering karena memiliki sifat yang menyerupai matriks ekstraseluler jaringan tubuh. Hidrogel gelatin masih memiliki kekurangan dalam hal sifat mekanisnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan crosslinking secara kimia untuk meningkatkan potensinya sebagai scaffold regenerasi gingiva. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek agen crosslinker EDC pada hidrogel gelatin sebagai scaffold regenerasi gingiva. Metode: Pembuatan hidrogel gelatin dilakukan menggunakan bubuk gelatin bovine, sedangkan agen crosslinker yang digunakan adalah 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) yang dikominasikan dengan N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Uji porositas, swelling, dan biodegradasi dilakukan secara in-vitro dan ditriplikasi. Hasil: Penambahan agen crosslinker EDC menurunkan nilai porositas hidrogel gelatin menjadi 89,52%, menurunkan laju swelling, serta menahan biodegradasi hidrogel gelatin menjadi 92,43% pada hari ke-14. Kesimpulan: Agen crosslinker EDC memiliki efek yang dapat membuat struktur serta sifat mekanis scaffold menjadi lebih ideal untuk digunakan sebagai agen regenerasi gingiva.

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Background: Connctive Tissue Graft (CTG), the gold standard treatment for gingival recession, often results in increased patient morbidity. Gelatin-based hydrogel has been extensively explored as a biomaterial for tissue engineering, mimicking the extracellular matrix of host tissue. However, the mechanical strength of this biomaterial requires enhancement to make it an ideal scaffold for gingival regeneration. Aim: Evaluate the effect of EDC as crosslinking agents on gelatin-based hydrogel as a scaffold for gingival regeneration. Methods: Gelatin hydrogels were prepared using bovine gelatin powder, and the crosslinker composed of a combination of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). In-vitro tests, such as porosity, swelling, and biodegradation, were conducted in triplicate for all samples. Results: Gelatin hydrogels with added EDC as crosslinking agents showed a reduction of porosity by 89.52% (p<0.05), decrease in swelling ratio (p<0.05), and retained hydrogel biodegradation rate to 92,43% (p<0.05) on day-14th. Conclusion: EDC demonstrated the ability to improve the structural and mechanical strength of the scaffold, making it more suitable as a gingival regenerative agent."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV; 397-399The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) cytokine content in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on healthy periodontal and chronic periodontitis. It was also determine the treatment effects of hydrogen peroxide as subgingival irrigation in chronic periodontitis. Twenty participants were examined in this study. Gingival fluid collection method was carry out with strip paper technique and analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference of ICAM-1 on healthy site and periodontitis site, and there was a significant change of ICAM-1 content after treatment (p<0.05). We concluded that ICAM-1 in GCF is a sensitive indicator to differentiate healthy sites from those with periodontitis."