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Abstrak :
Mentawaians sing ritual songs enshrined in archaic texts referring to particular primates and birds, while ritual and traditional dances imitate how gibbons, sea eagles, and other animals live in the natural world. Mentawaians craft sculptures of endemic primates and unique birds. The bilou gibbon ape and various other animals also symbolize specific sacred knowledge within the sabulungan spiritual belief system and traditional cosmology of Mentawai society. Although some do succeed in surviving, many older traditions have faded away. Among the traditions which continue intact, this report aims to examine the roles of primates and birds across the arts and in the Mentawai belief system to reveal the profound depth of connection between humanity and the natural world throughout Mentawai traditional culture.

Abstrak :
Salah satu penyebab penurunan populasi Hylobates agilis adalah rendahnya tingkat reproduksi dari owa ungko. Selain itu, owa ungko juga membutuhkan kemampuan yang tinggi untuk mempertahankan komunikasi agar bertahan monogami. Kemampuan tersebut merupakan bentuk dari pair bonding. Telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas pair bonding pada owa ungko (Hylobates agilis) di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan pair bonding pada pasangan owa ungko di Pusat Primata di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dan melihat kaitannya dengan keberadaan pengunjung. Subjek penelitian ini, yaitu 2 pasang owa ungko dengan pasangan pertama telah menghasilkan keturunan dan mengalami pemisahan selama satu tahun sementara pasangan lainnya merupakan pasangan baru yang dipasangkan selama satu tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 4 pekan dari Juli sampai Agustus 2022 mulai pukul 08.00-13.00 WIB. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu scan animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Perilaku pair bonding yang diamati terdiri dari tujuh perilaku, yaitu allogrooming, proximity, contact, behaviour sync, presenting, duet vokalisasi dan agonistik. Sementara untuk Kondisi pengunjung dibagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu aktivitas, kepadatan, dan kebisingan Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan, kedua pasang owa ungko yang telah lama dipisahkan maupun baru menunjukan perilaku pair bonding dan tingginya keberadaan pengunjung cukup berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pair bonding ......One of the causes of the decline in the Hylobates agilis population is the low reproduction rate of the gibbon. Besides that, the gibbon also requires a high ability to maintain communication in order to survive monogamy. That ability is a form of pair bonding. Pair bonding activity research has been carried out on the gibbon (Hylobates agilis) in Ragunan Wildlife Park. This study aims to analyze the existence of pair bonding in gibbon pairs at the Primate Center in Ragunan Wildlife Park and see its relation to the presence of visitors. The subjects of this study were 2 pairs of gibbons with the first pair having produced offspring and experiencing separation for one year while the second pair was a new pair that was paired for one year. This research was conducted for 4 weeks from July to August 2022 from 08.00–13.00 WIB. The method in this research is scan animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. The observed pair bonding behavior consisted of seven behaviors, namely allogrooming, proximity, contact, sync behavior, presenting, vocalization and agonistic duets. Meanwhile, the condition of visitors is divided into three categories, namely activity, density, and noise.

Abstrak :
Owa kelawat merupakan salah satu owa endemik Pulau Kalimantan yang terus mengalami penurunan populasi yang diakibatkan oleh perburuan owa kelawat dan konversi hutan sebagai habitat alami owa kelawat. Salah satu upaya untuk melestarikan keberadaan owa kelawat tersebut adalah konservasi ex situ berupa kebun binatang, namun keterbatasan lahan pada kebun binatang mengakibatkan adanya sistem perkandangan owa yang saling berdekatan satu sama lain, sehingga owa akan merasakan kehadiran maupun suara vokalisasi dari owa lainnya. Penelitian mengenai perilaku owa kelawat terhadap suara vokalisasi owa sekitar telah dilakukan di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi respon perilaku owa kelawat terhadap vokalisasi owa sekitar kandang dan menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap perilaku owa kelawat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai awal September 2020 selama 5 hari tiap pekannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu continuous scan sampling dengan interval waktu 15 menit tanpa jeda selama 6 jam perhari. Pencatatan dilakukan terhadap aktivitas harian owa kelawat tanpa terjadi vokalisasi dan saat terjadi vokalisasi owa nonsimpatrik di sekitar kandang subjek. Subjek penelitian yaitu dua pasang owa kelawat (Hylobates muelleri) yang berada di kadang berbeda. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan respon yang diberikan owa kelawat pada saat terjadi vokalisasi owa sekitar berupa melakukan pergerakan, perilaku mengawasi dan perilaku membalas vokalisasi. Berdasarkan Uji U Mann-Whitney pada α = 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa vokalisasi yang dilakukan owa nonsimpatrik di sekitar kandang memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perilaku owa kelawat. ......The kelawat gibbon is one of the endemic gibbons of Kalimantan Island which have population decline caused by hunting gibbons and the conversion of forest. One of the efforts to preserve the existence of the kelawat gibbon is ex situ, however limited space for ex situ conservation especially zoos, results in the gibbon enclosure system that is close to each other, so that the gibbons will feel the presence and vocalization of other gibbons. Research about behavior of kelawat gibbon on vocalizations of the surrounding gibbons has been conducted at Schmutzer Primate Center, Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta. The aim of this research were to identify the response of kelawat gibbon behavior to vocalization of the surrounding gibbons and to analyze its effect on kelawat gibbon behavior. The study was conducted on July to early September 2020 for 5 days per each week. The method used is continuous scan sampling with an interval of 15 minutes without interruption for 6 hour per day. The recording was made on the daily activity of kelawat gibbon when there was vocalization and without vocalization of surrounding gibbons. The research subjects were two pairs of kelawat gibbon (Hylobates muelleri) in the different cages. The observations showed that the responses given by kelawat gibbons when there was vocalization of gibbon around them were movement, monitoring behavior and vocalization behavior. Based on the Mann-Whitney U test at at α = 0.05, its shows that the vocalization performed by surrounding gibbons has a significant effect on the behavior of the kelawat gibbons.