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"Topics include: ways modern statistical procedures can yield estimates of pi more precisely than the original Buffon procedure traditionally used; the question of density and measure for random geometric elements that leave probability and expectation statements invariant under translation and rotation; the number of random line intersections in a plane and their angles of intersection; developments due to W. L. Stevens's ingenious solution for evaluating the probability that n random arcs of size a cover a unit circumference completely; the development of M. W. Crofton's mean value theorem and its applications in classical problems; and an interesting problem in geometrical probability presented by a karyograph."

"This book provides a unified view of tomographic techniques, a common mathematical framework, and an in-depth treatment of reconstruction algorithms. It focuses on the reconstruction of a function from line or plane integrals, with special emphasis on applications in radiology, science, and engineering. The Mathematics of Computerized Tomography covers the relevant mathematical theory of the Radon transform and related transforms and also studies more practical questions such as stability, sampling, resolution, and accuracy. Quite a bit of attention is given to the derivation, analysis, and practical examination of reconstruction algorithms, for both standard problems and problems with incomplete data."

"In practical decision-making, the independence of criteria is usually violated so its uncreasonable to aggregate the alternative values using additive measures. In order to reflect the interactions between combinations in a set, the generalized shapley function is used to measure the importance of them, which is an expectation utility function with respect to a fuzzy measure. It is worth pointing out that the generalized shapley function is also a fuzzy measure. Then, the generalized shapley interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy geometric choquet operator is defined, which is also an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy value. Further, some important properties are investigated. Moreover, an approach to interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making is developed. In the end, two practical examples are selected to show the presented procedure"

"Suku banyak merupakan fungsi yang kontinu dan terdiferensial di himpunan bilangan nyata R. Sehingga, pada setiap interval tertutup, suku banyak mencapai nilai maksimum dan minimum pada titik stasioner atau titik batas interval. Cara yang biasa dipakai untuk menentukan nilai ekstrem suku banyak adalah metode Kalkulus dengan menggunakan turunan. Pada makalah ini dibahas metode menentukan nilai ekstrem suku banyak tertentu pada interval yang diberikan dengan menggunakan pertidaksamaan rata-rata aritmetika dan geometri, yang merupakan pengembangan gagasan yang diajukan oleh de Alwis.

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A method for finding the extreme of certain polynomials using inequalities of the mean. A polynomial y = p(x) is continuous and differentiable on its domain R. Therefore, at any closed interval, the graph attains both the maximum and minimum values in the stationary points or the borders of the interval. The method commonly used to find the extremum is Calculus by using derivatives. This paper presents a method for finding the extremum of certain polynomials using inequalities of the mean based on de Alwis?s work."