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"Latar Belakang. Anak dengan Spektrum Gangguan Autisme (SGA) seringkali mengalami gangguan gerak halus, yang dapat menimbulkan hambatan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari serta mengganggu performa sekolah. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai prevalens maupun gambaran gangguan gerak halus pada anak SGA di Indonesia, termasuk dampaknya terhadap performa sekolah.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens gangguan gerak halus anak SGA, mengetahui gambaran gangguan gerak halus anak SGA, mengetahui dampak gangguan gerak halus terhadap performa sekolah anak SGA.Metode. Penelitian analitik potong lintang dilakukan sejak bulan Januari sampai Mei 2014. Subjek anak SGA didapatkan dari Klinik Anakku CMC Kayu Putih. Subjek pada kelompok kontrol dari sebuah sekolah swasta yang telah dilakukan matching usia dan jenis kelamin dengan kelompok SGA. Terhadap subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan keterampilan gerak halus dengan BOT-2 dan penilaian performa fungsional sekolah melalui pengisian kuesioner SFA oleh guru atau terapis.Hasil. Subjek penelitian pada kelompok SGA dan kelompok kontrol masing- masing berjumlah 43 anak. Prevalens gangguan gerak halus pada kelompok SGA sebesar 91%. Jumlah subjek pada kelompok SGA yang mengalami gangguan gerak halus pada komposit fine manual control dan manual coordination, serta subtes fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, dan upper- limb coordination lebih besar dibanding kelompok kontrol, dengan median skor kelompok SGA yang lebih rendah pada semua komposit/subtes dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara gangguan gerak halus kelompok SGA dengan performa fungsional sekolah.Simpulan. Prevalens gangguan gerak halus anak SGA pada penelitian ini adalah 91%. Gangguan gerak halus yang dialami anak SGA berdasarkan pemeriksaan dengan BOT-2 mencakup komposit fine manual control dan manual coordination, serta subtes fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, dan upper-limb coordination. Pada anak SGA, gangguan gerak halus berhubungan dengan gangguan pada performa fungsional sekolah.

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Background. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often have fine motor impairment, which may present barriers in performing their daily activities and interfere with their school performance. Until now there has been no data on the prevalence and description of fine motor impairment in children with ASD in Indonesia, including its impact on the children’s school performance.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of fine motor impairments in children with ASD, to provide the description of fine motor impairments in children with ASD, and to determine the impact of fine motor impairments on the school performance of children with ASD.

Method. A cross-sectional analytic study conducted from January to May 2014. Subjects were children with ASD from Klinik Anakku CMC Kayu Putih. Subjects in the control group were students from a private school matched by age and sex with the ASD group. Fine motor examination was performed using BOT-2 and assessment of school functional performance was conducted through SFA questionnaires filled by teachers or therapists.

Result. There were 43 subjects each on ASD and control groups. Prevalence of fine motor impairments in children with ASD in this study was 91%. The number of subjects in the ASD group having fine motor impairement on the fine manual control and manual coordination composites, as well as fine precision motors, motors fine integration, manual dexterity, and upper-limb coordination subtests are greater than the control group, with median score of all the composites/subtests lower on ASD group compared to that in the control group. There was a significant correlation between fine motor impairments in ASD children with their school function performance.

Result. Prevalence of fine motor impairments in children with ASD in this study was 91%. Fine motor impairments experienced by children with ASD based on examination using BOT-2 covers fine manual control and manual coordination composites, as well as fine precision motors, motors fine integration, manual dexterity, and upper-limb coordination subtests. In children with ASD, fine motor impairment was associated with disturbances in the school function performance."

"Latar BelakangTremor merupakan gangguan neurologis dengan prevalensi tinggi, tetapi masih sering terjadi misdiagnosis akibat kurangnya pengetahuan sejak masa mahasiswa kedokteran. Pengetahuan dapat dipengaruhi juga oleh tingkat pendidikan dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian terkait ini pada kalangan mahasiswa kedokteran di Indonesia masih terbatas.MetodePenelitian ini membuat kuesioner Indonesian Medical Students' Tremor Knowledge Questionnaire (IMSTK-Q) dan menguji validitas serta reliabilitasnya pada 80 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) dengan Corrected- Item Total Correlation dan Cronbach’s Alpha. Kuesioner yang telah diuji disebar ke 184 mahasiswa FKUI pada Juni-Agustus 2024 untuk menilai pengetahuan tentang tremor. Perbedaan skor pengetahuan berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan dianalisis menggunakan uji Independent T-test atau Mann-Whitney U test dan hubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan diuji dengan Chi-Square atau Fisher’s exact test.HasilIMSTK-Q dianggap valid dan reliabel dengan Corrected-Item Total Correlation >0.3 dan Cronbach's α 0.834. Dari 184 mahasiswa, 83 (45.1%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup, 50 (27.2%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik, 35 (19.0%) memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah, 8 (4.35%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik sekali, dan 8 (4.35%) memiliki pengetahuan yang sangat rendah. Dari 63 (34.2%) mahasiswa laki-laki dan 121 (65.8%) mahasiswa perempuan, tidak ada perbedaan skor dan hubungan yang signifikan pada tingkat pengetahuan terhadap tremor (p=0.248). Perbedaan skor dan hubungan yang signifikan ditemukan pada 82 (44.6%) mahasiswa Klinik yang mendapatkan skor yang lebih tinggi daripada 102 (55.4%) mahasiswa Preklinik (p=0.000).KesimpulanKuesioner ini terbukti valid dan reliabel. Pengetahuan mahasiswa FKUI mengenai tremor tergolong cukup, dengan perbedaan yang signifikan antara mahasiswa Klinik dan Preklinik, tetapi tidak berdasarkan jenis kelamin.

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Introduction

Tremor is a neurological disorder with a high prevalence, but misdiagnosis still occurs frequently due to a lack of knowledge among doctors since medical school. Knowledge can also be influenced by education level and gender. Research on this topic among Indonesian medical students is still limited.

Method

This study developed the Indonesian Medical Students' Tremor Knowledge Questionnaire (IMSTK-Q) and tested its validity and reliability on 80 students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (FMUI), using Corrected-Item Total Correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha. The validated questionnaire was distributed to 184 FMUI students from June to August 2024 to assess their knowledge of tremor. Differences in knowledge scores based on gender and education level were analyzed using the Independent T-test or Mann-Whitney U test, while associations with knowledge levels were evaluated using the Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact test.

Results

IMSTK-Q was considered valid and reliable with Corrected-Item Total Correlation >0.3 and a Cronbach's α of 0.834. Out of 184 students, 83 (45.1%) had an adequate level of knowledge about tremor, 50 (27.2%) had good knowledge, 35 (19.0%) had a low knowledge, 8 (4.3%) had level of knowledge, and 8 (4.35%) had very low knowledge. From the 63 (34.2%) male students and 121 (65.8%) female students, no significant differences in scores or associations with knowledge levels were found (p=0.248). Significant differences were found among 82 (44.6%) clinical students who had better scores and knowledge levels compared to 102 (55.4%) preclinical students (p=0.000).

Conclusion

The questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable. FKUI students' knowledge of tremor is considered adequate, with significant differences between clinical and preclinical students but not between genders."

"Latar belakang: Tumor otak merupakan penyakit neurologi yang memiliki morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi akibat progresivitas gejalanya. Keberadaan tumor otak dapat mendestruksi jaras aferen dan eferen visual dengan demikian beberapa tumor otak memiliki manifestasi neurooftalmologi yang khas. Pengolahan data mengenai kelainan neurooftalmologi akibat tumor otak belum dilakukan sehingga belum dapat ditarik kesimpulan mengenai sebaran kelainan neurooftalmologi pasien tumor otak dan hubungan antara manifestasi klinis neurooftalmologi dengan karakteristik tumor otak. Metode penelitian: Penelitian menggunakan disain analitik observasional potong lintang untuk mengetahui pola manifestasi neurooftalmologi pasien tumor otak dan karakteristik tumor otak yang berhubungan pada pasien tumor otak yang menjalani pemeriksaan neurooftalmologi pra-operasi dari bulan Januari 2014 hingga Desember 2019. Data kategorik disajikan dalam frekuensi dan persentase. Data numerik sebaran normal disajikan sebagai rerata sedangkan data sebaran tidak normal disajikan sebagai median dan nilai maksimalminimal. Analisis hubungan dua variabel kategorik menggunakan uji chi square atau uji Fisher. Hubungan antar variabel bermakna apabila p <0,05. Hasil: Terdapat 70 subjek penelitian dengan sebagian besar berjenis kelamin perempuan 62,9% dan usia rata-rata 41,9+12,8 tahun. Terdapat 48 subjek tumor otak primer (68.6%) dengan jenis terbanyak meningioma (31,3%) dan adenoma hipofisis (29,2%). Diantara subjek tumor otak sekunder, keganasan payudara merupakan sumber metastasis terbanyak (36,4%). Jumlah lesi tumor otak mayoritas terdapat pada >1 lokasi dengan distribusi dominan unilateral. Lokasi tumor terbanyak di lobus frontal diikuti regio sela dan lobus oksipital. Seluruh subjek tumor otak penelitian ini memiliki manifestasi neurooftalmologi (100%) dengan kelainan bervariasi, tiga diantaranya persentase > 50%, yakni kelainan funduskopi (72,9%), gangguan visus (65,7%), gangguan gerak bola mata (51,4%). Manifestasi neurooftalmologi sebagian besar disertai manifestasi neurologis non-neurooftalmologi (68,6%). Karakteristik manifestasi neurooftalmologi predominan merupakan kombinasi beberapa kelainan (75,7%) dan distribusi pada dua mata (90,0%). Gangguan visus memiliki derajat keparahan berat– buta (Log MAR > 1.02) dan funduskopi papil atrofi (74,3%). Awitan manifestasi neurooftalmologi sebagian besar ≥3 bulan (62,7%). Pada penelitian ini, manifestasi neurooftalmologi dapat menjadi presentasi awal penyakit dengan persentase hampir separuh subjek (41.4%). Jenis tumor primer lebih menyebabkan gangguan lapang pandang dibandingkan tumor sekunder (p=0,002). Lokasi lesi memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan semua variabel manifestasi neurooftalmologi (p<0,05). Jumlah lokasi lesi >1 lokasi lebih menyebabkan kelainan funduskopi secara bermakna (p=0,043). Distribusi lesi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan semua variabel manifestasi neurooftalmologi. Tumor otak sekunder memiliki awitan lebih cepat (<3 bulan) untuk menyebabkan manifestasi (p=0,000). Adapun lokasi lesi tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik manifestasi neurooftalmologi pada semua variabel. Awitan dipengaruhi oleh jumlah lokasi tumor yaitu lokasi tumor tunggal menyebabkan awitan 3 bulan bermakna (p=0,028). Distribusi lesi bilateral lebih cepat menyebabkan manifestasi neurooftalmologi yaitu <3 bulan (p=0,002). Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian manifestasi neurooftalmologi pada pasien tumor otak pada penelitian mencapai 100% dengan kelainan funduskopi sebagai temuan terbanyak. Terdapat beberapa karakteristik tumor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan temuan manifestasi neurooftalmologi.

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Background: Brain tumor is neurological disease having high morbidity and mortality due to progression of its symptoms. Presence of brain tumors can destroy visual pathways, thus some brain tumors have spesific neuroophthalmic (NO) manifestations. Data processing regarding neuroophthalmic disorders in brain tumors has not been carried out so that conclusions cannot be drawn regarding neuroophthalmic manifestations in brain tumor patients and its relationship with brain tumor characteristics.

Method: This is a cross-sectional observational analytic study to determine the pattern of neuroophthalmic manifestations of brain tumor patients and the associated brain tumor characteristics in brain tumor patients who underwent preoperative neuroophthalmological examination from January 2014 to December 2019. Categorical data will be presented in frequency and percentage. Normal distribution numerical data will be presented as mean, while abnormal distribution will be presented as median and maximum-minimum values. Analysis of relationship between two categorical variables is using chi square test or Fisher's exact test. Relationship between variables was significant if p <0.05.

Results: There were 70 subjects who met the inclusion criteria, most of them were female 62.9% with an average age of 41.9+12.8 years. There were 48 subjects with primary brain tumors (68.6%) with predominance of meningioma (31.3%) and pituitary adenomas (29.2%). Among the secondary brain tumor subjects, breast malignancy was most common metastases source (36.4%). Majority of brain tumor lesions in this study were in >1 location with dominant unilateral distribution. Most common tumor locations were in frontal lobe, sella region and occipital lobe. All brain tumor subjects in this study had neuroophthalmic manifestations (100%), mostly having percentage >50%, i.e. fundoscopic abnormalities (72.9%), visual disturbances (65.7%) and eye movement disorders (51.4%). Visual field disturbances have the smallest percentage (42.6%). Neuroophthalmic manifestations in this study were mostly accompanied by non-neuroophthalmic neurological manifestations (68.6%). Characteristic of the predominant neuroophthalmic manifestation were combination of several abnormalities (75.7%) and two eyes distribution (90.0%). Most of the visual disturbances were severe-blind (Log MAR > 1.02) and atrophic papillary funduscopy (74.3%). Onset of neuroophthalmic manifestations was mostly >3 months (62.7%). Neuroophthalmic manifestation could be the initial presentation of disease in almost half of the subjects (41.4%). Primary tumor caused more visual field disturbances significantly (p=0.002). Location of the lesion had significant relationship with all variables of neuroophthalmic manifestation (p<0.05). Tumor with more than 1 location caused more funduscopic abnormalities (p=0.043). Distribution of lesions did not have a significant relationship with all the neuroophthalmic variables. Secondary brain tumor had a faster onset (<3 months) to cause significant neuroophthalmic manifestations (p=0.000). Location of the lesion did not affect the neuroophthalmic characteristics in all variables. The onset of the neuroophthalmic manifestation was influenced by the number of tumor locations, which is a single tumor causing faster onset (p=0.028). The distribution of bilateral lesions was causing the neuroophthalmic manifestation faste (p=0.002).

Conclusion: The incidence of neuroophthalmic manifestations in brain tumor patients in this study reached 100% with fundoscopic abnormalities as the most common finding. There are several tumor characteristics that significantly associated with the neuroophthalmic manifestations."