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Abstrak :
Keberagaman spesies jamur yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi, serta resistensinya terhadap pengobatan antijamur, bervariasi tergantung terhadap wilayah dan factor lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran spesies dan kerentanan antijamur isolat jamur di Jakarta, Indonesia, untuk membantu membuat diagnosa dan tatalaksana yang personal terhadap pasien. Metode: Penelitian analitik retrospektif ini memanfaatkan data yang dikumpulkan selama periode tertentu. Spesimen jaringan pasien di Jakarta, Indonesia, diperiksa melalui mikroskop langsung dengan metode KOH dan kultur. Uji kerentanan dilakukan terhadap berbagai obat antijamur. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Rata-rata usia pasien yang diduga (n= 289) dan terindikasi (n= 130) menderita infeksi jamur adalah masing-masing 39,23 dan 41,09 tahun. Lebih dari setengah jamur tidak terdeteksi pada pemeriksaan KOH, juga tidak tumbuh pada kultur (55%, n=159/289). Sebagian besar spesimen jaringan berasal dari sistem pernapasan (48.8%, n=141), khususnya sinus (21.1%, n= 61). Dari spesies jamur yang terisolasi, Candida muncul sebagai spesies yang paling menonjol (57/119), diikuti oleh Aspergillus (29/119) dan Mucorales (13/119). Pengujian kerentanan kami menunjukkan bahwa Candida menunjukkan pola kerentanan yang sebagian besar konsisten dengan penelitian yang dilakukan di Semarang dan Jakarta (72-100% sensitive); namun, jika dibandingkan dengan data dari berbagai negara lain, pola kerentanannya berbeda. Sebagian besar isolat Aspergillus sensitive (81-100%) terhadap antijamur umum. Namun demikian, profil kerentanannya bergantung pada variabilitas lokal. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memberikan data terkini mengenai distribusi spesies dan kerentanan antijamur dari isolat jamur di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi ini beharap bisa membantu diagnosis dan strategi pengobatan yang ter-personalisasi terhadap masing- masing pasien infeksi jamur. ......Background: The diversity of fungal species that can cause infections, along with their resistance to antifungal treatments varies depending on region and other factors. This study aims to investigate species distribution and susceptibility profile of fungals in Jakarta, Indonesia, to provide epidemiological data to develop tailored diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This retrospective analytic study utilized data collected over the specified period. Tissue specimens from patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, were examined through direct microscopy with KOH and culture methods. Susceptibility testing was performed for various antifungal drugs. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results: The average age of patients suspected (n= 289) and indicated (n= 130) to have fungal infections was approximately 39.23 and 40.67 years, respectively. Most fungi that are not detected in direct examination with KOH, does not grow in culture (55%, n=159/289). Most tissue specimens came from the respiratory system (48.8%, n=141) particularly sinus (21.1%, n= 61). Out of the isolated fungal species, Candida emerged as the most prominent (57/119), followed by Aspergillus (29/119) and Mucorales (13/119). Our susceptibility testing revealed that Candida demonstrated susceptibility patterns that were largely consistent with studies conducted in Semarang and Jakarta (72-100% sensitive); however, when compared to regions outside of Indonesia, results differ. Most of Aspergillus isolates were sensitive (81-100%) to common antifungals. Nevertheless, its susceptibility profiles are subject to local variability. Conclusions: This study provides an updated data on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of fungal isolates in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study hopes to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies of fungal infections.

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The rhythm of life on Earth includes several strong themes contributed by Kingdom Fungi. So why are fungi ignored when theorists ponder the origin of life? Casting aside common theories that life originated in an oceanic primeval soup, in a deep, hot place, or even a warm little pond, this is a mycological perspective on the emergence of life on Earth. The author traces the crucial role played by the first biofilms - products of aerosols, storms, volcanic plumes and rainout from a turbulent atmosphere - which formed in volcanic caves 4 billion years ago. Moore describes how these biofilms contributed to the formation of the first prokaryotic cells, and later, unicellular stem eukaryotes, highlighting the role of the fungal grade of organisation in the evolution of higher organisms. Based on the latest research, this is a unique account of the origin of life and its evolutionary diversity to the present day. [This volume] proposes a new and unique view of the origin and evolution of life on Earth, weaving the evolution of fungi into the evolution of eukaryotes; explains the origins of all groups of higher organisms (eukaryotes), showing how the features of present-day fungi can account for the ancestral evolution of the eukaryote grade of evolution; emphasises twenty-first-century research in disciplines ranging from astronomy to zoology, providing readers with the most complete and contemporary treatment of the topic

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Latar Belakang : Salah satu faktor resiko timbulnya kolonisasi jamur di saluran napas bawah adalah asma. Kolonisasi jamur merupakan faktor predisposisi timbulnya proses sensitisasi atau mikosis paru dan dapat memperberat derajat berat asma, status kontrol asma dan fungsi paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kolonisasi jamur di saluran napas pada pasien asma persisten di Indonesia khususnya di RSUP Persahabatan dan hubungannya dengan asma, status komtrol asma dan fungsi paruMetode : Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang dengan subjek penelitian adalah pasien asma persisten yang berobat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Pasienakanmenjalanipemeriksaan asthma control test, foto toraks dan uji spirometri serta induksi dahak untuk diperiksakan biakan jamur di bagian Parasitologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangukusumo RSCM . Hasil biakan jamur dianalisa untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan asma, satus kontrol asma dan fungsi paru.Hasil : Total pasien yang menjalani seluruh prosedur penelitiaan adalah 45pasien. Biakan jamur positif pada 39 pasien 86,7 dan biakan jamur negatif pada 6 pasien 13,3 . Jumlah isolat jamur yang tumbuh ge; 2 spesies sebanyak 20 pasien 44,5 dan jamur berbentuk filamen tumbuh pada 21 pasien 46,8 .Isolat jamur yang paling banyak tumbuh adalah Candida albicans,Miceliasterilla dan Aspergillus fumigatus.Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jamur berbentuk filamen dengan lama penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi.Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pasien asma persisten mempunyai kolonisasi jamur di saluran napas. Isolat yang paling banyak tumbuh pada pada pasien asma adalah Candida albicans, Micelia sterile dan Aspergillus fumigatus. Lama penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi berhubungan dengan kolonisasi jamur di saluran napas. Kata kunci: kolonisasi jamur, asma, induksi dahak

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ABSTRACT Background One of the risk factor for fungal colonization is asthma. Fungal colonization is predisposision factor for sensitization or lung mycosis and can aggravate the degree of asthma, asthma control status and lung function. The purpose of this study to get data about fungal colonization in the airways on persistent asthma patients in Indonesia especially Persahabatan Hospital and its related to asthma, asthma control status and lung function.Method This was a cross sectional study conducted on persistent asthma patients treated at the Persahabatan Hospital. Subjects underwent examination of asthma control test, chest X ray, spirometry test and sputum induction for examination of fungal cultures at Parasitology Department, Cipto Mangukusumo Hospital. The results fungal cultures was analyzed to find the correlation between fungal colonization with asthma, control asthma status dan lung function.Results Forty five subjects complete all procedure in this study. Positive fungal cultures was found in 39 subjects 86.7 and negative fungal culture was found in 6 subjects 13.3 . More than one species was found to be grown in the culture of 20 subjects 44.5 and filamentous fungal grown in the culture of 21 subjects 46,8 . The most widely found fungi were Candida albicans, Micelia sterilla and Aspergillus fumigatus. There was a significant association between filamentous fungi with prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids.Conclusion Most of the persistent asthma subjects have fungal colonization in the airways. The most widely found fungi were Candida albicans, Micelia sterilla and Aspergillus fumigatus. Duration use of inhalation corticosteroid related to fungal infection. Keywords fungal colonization, asthma, sputum induction