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"Skripsi ini menjelaskan mengenai proses tranformasi politik Gerakan Aceh Merdeka menjadi Partai Aceh dari pasca perundingan Helsinki hingga Pemilu Legislatif 2009 Kemarin. Setelah perjanjian damai Republik Indonesia dan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka di tanda-tangani diHelsinki, Finlandia, 15 Agustus 2005. Aceh memasuki sejarah politik baru perjanjian ini relatif berhasil karena kesepakatan ?win-win solution?. GAM berhenti mengangkat senjata dan berjuang lewat jalur politik demokratis sementara Pemerintah Indonesia mendapat jaminan gagasan memisahkan diri tak lagi muncul dari provinsi paling barat indonesia itu. Peralihan GAM dari gerakan gerilya bersenjata ke dunia politik elektoral telah dipenuhi pihak GAM dengan membentuk partai politik Lokal di Aceh yang di beri nama Partai Aceh.This minor thesis explore the political transformation of The Aceh Freedom Movement Process into the Aceh Party from Helsinki Agreement until Legislative Election 2009. After the peace agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and The Aceh Freedom Movement signed in Helsinki, Finland at 15th August 2005. Aceh enter the new historical politics because this agreement relatively successful because of win-win solution. GAM stopped the weapons and fight for their aims through democratic political gain while the Indonesian government got guarantee that separatist ideas is no longer come from the mostwestern province in Indonesia. The transition of GAM from armed geurrilla movement into electoral politic has been fullfil with the established local political in Aceh namely The Aceh Party."

"This book explores Madan Mohan Malaviyas long-term involvement in the politics of Indian nationalism. Drawing on a variety of sources ranging from public documents to the private papers of other leading nationalists of the time, the book looks at the changing nature of the Indian freedom movement by focusing on what Malaviya did, whom he relied on for support, and how he saw his own actions and role in Indian public life. It examines whether Malaviyas career resulted in certain changes in Indian politics and, if so, in what directions, or whether it exploited existing forces of change in politics and society. It also considers various stages of Malaviyas leadership and his ability to retain and wield authority, as well as his relationship with his followers, the Indian National Congress leadership, the Sikh leaders, and various leaders and workers of the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha. It investigates the means of communication between them, the barriers and contradictions, and tries to assess the way they influenced one another. Finally, the book investigates how the method and manner of Malaviyas nationalist propaganda and some of the campaigns that he launched influenced the different communities across India."

"ABSTRAKFreedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan Uni Eropa yang bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi warga UE dan warga nonUE, untuk bergerak secara bebas, baik sementara maupun permanen, di wilayah Schengen. Namun demikian, apabila dilihat dari waktu ke waktu, masih ditemukan perdebatan serta permasalahan, khususnya dalam penerapannya. Oleh karena itu, Tugas Karya Akhir ini bertujuan untuk meninjau literatur yang membahas penerapan konsep freedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen. Dalam pengorganisasian literatur, penulis menggunakan metode kronologi dan taksonomi. Melalui metode kronologi, literatur terbagi ke dalam empat periodisasi mengenai penerapan freedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen; di antaranya: [1] awal tahun 1990-an, integrasi Eropa dan ambiguitas posisi hukum warga nonUE, [2] pertengahan tahun 1990-an, restriksi dan diskriminasi terhadap warga nonUE, [3] tahun 2000-an, implikasi agenda enlargement di wilayah Eropa Tengah dan Eropa Timur, [4] tahun 2011-2015, isu pencari suaka dan pengungsi pasca Arab Spring dan krisis pengungsi. Sedangkan dalam metode taksonomi, terdapat peningkatan penggunaan sudut pandang politik dan keamanan oleh scholars dalam membahas topik tersebut. Lebih lanjut, sebagian besar literatur melihat bahwa penerapan konsep freedom of movement dalam sistem Schengen menjadi semakin restriktif dan diskriminatif terhadap warga nonUE.

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ABSTRACTFreedom of movement within Schengen system aims to facilitate the movement of individuals-both EU-nationals and non-EU nationals-either for temporary or permanent purpose. However, from time to time, there are still debacles and problems, especially regarding its implementation. Therefore, this literature review aims to analyze the evolution on the implementation of freedom of movement within Schengen system. For the literature organization, the writer used chronology and taxonomy as its method. Chronologically, literatures regarding the implementation of freedom of movement within Schengen system were divided into four periodization; they were: [1] early 90s, European integration and ambiguity of the legal position of non-EU nationals, [2] mid 90s, restriction and discrimination towards non-EU nationals, [3] 2000s, the implication of EUs enlargement agenda in Central and Eastern Europe, [4] 2011-2015, asylum seekers and refugee at the time of Arab Spring and refugee crisis. In addition to that, there was increasing intensity of scholars using both political and security perspectives in discussing the topic. Furthermore, most of the literatures captured that the implementation of freedom of movement within Schengen system had turned out to be more restrictive and discriminative towards non-EU nationals."