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"Background: The occurrence of the IUU fishing in high seas and State water jurisdiction has been developed in many regions all over the world and become one of the global issues. International law related to fisheries has the significant role as a combatant towards such issue through international movement, implemented by States reflected on each State practices.Research questions: This research will analyze the practice and history of the IUU fishing terminology, international law and regulation related to fisheries, State measures and current State practices enforced by States.Research Methodology: An effective international law and regulations related to fisheries could cope with such problem noted that consistently followed by the implementation of State practices in their national measures. Assisted with international coordination, effort and movement to form cooperation.Conclusion: The international movement to combat IUU fishing is one of the most forward importance for international community coping IUU fishing issues since acknowledged that such issue is one of the global context problem necessarily needed international cooperation and coordination to implement best optimum management and conservation sustainability related to fisheries activity, mainly in abolishment of IUU fishing, by adopting effective international regulations."

"Besarnya potensi perikanan Indonesia tidak diimbangi dengan pendapatan yang diperoleh negara akibat kegiatan IUU fisjing. IUU fishing memberikan dampak pada lingkungan, ekomini, maupun sosial. Pengawasan kegiatan IUU fishing di Indonesia dilakukan oleh Kementeria Kelautan dan Perikanan. Sistem pengawasan kegiatan IUU fishing di Indonesia dibagi menjadi empat yaitu pengawasan before fishing, while fishing, during landing, dan post landing. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengawasan yang diakukan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan bekerja sama dengan BAKAMLA, POLAIR, dan TNI AL. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai bagaimana sistem pengawasan kegiatan IUU fishing yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil skripsi ini menggambarkan bagaimana pengawasan yang dilakukan pada saat before fishing, while fishing, during landing, dan post landing.

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Indonesia have great potential of fisheries, but Indonesia get low income from fisheries cause IUU fishing. Activities of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing give negative impact to environment, economy, and social. Controlling of IUU fishing in Indonesia is countered by Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Controlling system of IUU fishing in Indonesia devide into controlling of before fishing, while fishing, during landing, and post landing. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries make cooperation with BAKAMLA, POLAIR, and TNI AL in controlling of IUU fishing in Indonesia. This research use qualitative research metode with descriptive analysis. The research result describe about controlling in before fishing, while fishing, during landing, dan post landing."

"ABSTRAKBeberapa studi tentang nelayan pada umumnya selalu dikaitkan dengan masalah kemiskinan, artinya nelayan identik dengan kemiskinan. Kondisi ini nampak pada kehidupan nelayan, terutama pada masa sebelum adanya modernisasi. Pada masa itu tingkat pendapatan nelayan masih rendah, sehingga tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Oleh karena itu tidaklah mengherankan apabila nelayan di Muncar mudah terjerat hutang kepada pengambak ataupun juragan darat guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya maupun untuk bekal melaut. Kehidupan semacam itu diperparah dengan adanya sifat-sifat hidup boros. Keadaan ini disebabkan adanya image masyarakat nelayan yang percaya bahwa "esok pasti ada ikan". Artinya meskipun sekarang uang dihabiskan, tetapi dengan pergi melaut mereka pasti mendapatkan penghasilan lagi.Para pengambak maupun juragan darat pemberi pinjaman umumnya terdiri dari orang-orang kaya pemilik modal. Mereka memberi pinjaman dan nelayan akan menjual hasil tangkapannya kepada mereka dengan harga yang ditentukan oleh para pemberi pinjaman tersebut. Karena merasa telah dibantu, yang berarti telah "berhutang budi" maka para nelayan menerima saja kenyataan tersebut. Dengan demikian maka para nelayan menjadi memiliki ketergantungan yang berkepanjangan, sehingga sulit bagi para. nelayan membebaskan diri dari lingkaran hutang piutang.Pada masa tahun 1960-an hasil produksi per unit alat tangkap rata-rata mencapai 4 kwintal. Hal ini tentu saja sangat kecil, dibandingkan dengan potensi ikan diperairan Muncar yang melimpah.Keadaan semacam itu telah mendorong timbulnya ide melakukan modernisasi alat tangkap, berupa unit jaring purse seine. Tahap awal diberikan oleh pihak Pemda Tingkat II Banyuwangi sebanyak 7 unit Kehadiran unit alat tangkap baru ternyata telah menimbulkan sifat-sifat iri hati dan kecemburuan sebagian para. pengambak dan juragan darat yang selama ini merupakan patron nelayan. Kemudian mereka melakukan provokasi kepada para nelayan untuk melakukan gerakan penolakan terhadap unit alat tangkap baru tersebut. Karena gerakan penolakan tersebut tidak diperhatikan, akhirya para nelayan tersebut melakukan kerusuhan-kerusuhan dengan melakukan pembakaran jaring dan kapal yang ada disepanjang pantai. Gerakan itu dilakukan pada tanggal 30 September 1974, pukul 06.00. Seorang penanggu.ng jawab unit alat tangkap bernama Mursid mengalami cedera.Akibatnya muncul adanya spekulasi tentang penyebab atau pendorong timbulnya kerusuhan tersebut. Hal ini guna mendengar langsung faktor-faktor yang mendorong terjadinya kerusuhan.Setelah dipahami bahwa kerusuhan yang terjadi disebabkan oleh perasaan iri hati dan kecemburuan sosial maka Gubernur Jawa Timur memberikan bantuan kredit sebanyak 50 unit alat tangkap purse seine, yang diberikan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama 20 unit, tahap kedua 10 unit dan tahap ketiga 20 unit.Adanya bantuan kredit telah meningkatkan produksi nelayan. Setiap unit alat tangkap purse seine dengan awak kapal sebanyak 15 orang menghasilkan tangkapan sebanyak 1,36 ton per hari. Alat tangkap tersebut juga mendorong ikan tetap segar sampai ke darat sehingga harga juga relatif naik.Dari segi produksi terjadi peningkatan pendapatan, akan tetapi apabila di amati lebih lanjut, telah terjadi perbedaan pendapat yang cukup besar antara juragan darat dengan alat tangkap modern dengan juragan darat alat tradisional. juga terjadi kesenjangan pendapatan antara pandega dengan juragan darat. Hal ini telah menunjukkan bahwa adanya alat tangkap modern, akumulasi kekayaan menumpuk pada kelompok kecil masyarakat. Artinya modernisasi yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan nelayan secara merata tidak terwujud.Kelompok pemilik modal mengalami peningkatan pendapatan yang cukup besar, akan tetapi para nelayan pekerja (pandega) yang jumlahnya cukup besar justru tidak dapat menikmati manfaat modernisasi tersebut.

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ABSTRACT

Some studies of fishermen are always connected with the poverty, this means that the fishermen indicates with the poverty. This condition appears in their life, mainly in the time where the modernization had not been occurred. At that time, the fishermen's income was low, the they could not fulfill their daily need. Therefore, no wonder that the Muncar fishermen was easy to have debts to "pengambak" or "juragan darat". This kind of life was getting worse because they were wasteful also. This was caused by their thinking that tomorrow, there were fish. This meant that even though they used all of their money, but by going to the sea, they could get additional income.

"Pengambak" or "juragan darat" who lend money, generally were the rich who had capital. They would lend money and the fishermen had to sell their fish to them with the cost which they had had determined. Because the fishermen supposed that they had helped them, they received this fact. So the fishermen depended on them, and it was difficult to get free from this debt circle.

In 1960s, the production result per catching tool unit for average was 400 kg. This was surely little, comparing with the fish potential in the Muncar waters.

This condition encouraged the modernization in the catching tool, that was purse seine. The first step, the Pemda Banyuwangi gave 7 units. The "pangambak" and "juragan darat' were envy because of this. Then, they provoked the fishermen to refuse that new catching tool unit. Because the government ignored this movement, then they made some riot . This riot was burning seine and ships which were along the beach. This movement was done on September 30, 1974, at 06.00. Mursid one of the persons who was responsible for this tools was hurt.

Consequently, it emerged speculation concerning the cause of this riot _ This caused the Governor of East Java went to the location to know supporting factors of this mess.

After knowing that the mess was caused by the envy and social jealousy, the East Java Governor then gave loan assistance for about 50 units of purse seine catching tools, which were given in three steps. The first step was 20 units, the second step was 10 units and the last step was 20 units.

This loan assistance increased the fishermen production. Every purse seine catching tool with 15 fishermen could get 136 ton per day. This tool kept the fish still in the fresh condition until getting to the land so the price was getting higher.

From the production side, their income increased but if it was observed further, there was a great different opinion between .the 'juragan darat' with traditional tools and they with the modem ones. This showed that the richness accumulation was getting on this minor group of society. This meant that the modernization which was expected to be able to increase the fishermen income could not be developed.

The capital owners got improvement in their income, but the working fishermen who were big in numbers, could not taste the modernization."