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Abstrak :
Penumbuhan lapisan porous anodik aluminium oksida (PAAO) di atas substrat aluminium tubular merupakan suatu tantangan karena struktur pori tumbuh kurang teratur, kurang homogen, dan lapisannya rentan mengalami retakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap retakan lapisan PAAO yang ditumbuhkan di atas substrat aluminium tubular dengan penambahan etilen glikol (EG) dan pemanasan. Lapisan PAAO diperoleh melalui anodisasi aluminium dalam larutan 0,3 M asam sulfat dan oksalat pada suhu 10°C selama 4 jam. EG ditambahkan dengan variasi konsentrasi 0, 5, 10 dan15 vol%. Morfologi lapisan PAAO dikarakterisasi dengan FESEM dan struktur kristalnya dianalisis dengan XRD. Jumlah retakan berkurang dari 4,04x10-4/ µm2 menjadi 2,24x10-5/ µm2 retakan dan 2,47x10-4/µm2 menjadi 6,73x10-5/µm2 retakan dalam asam sulfat dan asam oksalat dengan penambahan 0-15 vol% EG. Rentang diameter pori sebelum dilepas dari substrat adalah 10-14 nm dan setelah dilepas dari substrat dan dietsa kimia menjadi 14-24 nm. EG berperan dalam menjaga stabilitas suhu selama anodisasi, mengurangi kerapatan arus dan meningkatkan viskositas larutan sehingga mampu mengurangi populasi dan lebar retakan. Pemanasan lapisan PAAO dari 1000-1250 oC menyebabkan perubahan fasa dari fasa amorf menjadi fasa kristal g, d, dan ὰ Al2O3. ......The growth of the porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO) layer on a tubular aluminum substrate is challenging because the pore structure grows less orderly, less homogeneous, and layers are prone to cracking. This study aims to improve resistance to cracking of PAAO layers grown on tubular aluminum substrates by adding ethylene glycol (EG) and heating. The PAAO layer was obtained by anodizing aluminum in a 0.3 M sulfuric and oxalic acid at 10 °C for 4 hours. The EG was added at various concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 vol%. The morphology of PAAO layers was characterized by FESEM and the crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The population of cracks decreased from 4.04x10-4/µm2 to 2.24x10-5/µm2 and 2.47x10-4/µm2 to 6.73x10-5/µm2 cracks in sulfuric and oxalic acid by addition EG 0-15 vol%. The pore diameter range before being removed from the substrate was 10-14 nm and after being removed from the substrate and chemically etched it was 14-24 nm. EG plays a role in maintaining temperature stability during anodization, reducing current, and increasing viscosity of solution to reduce population and width of the crack. Heating PAAO layer from 1000-1250 oC causes the phase change from amorphous to crystalline g-, d-, and ὰ-Al2O3.

Abstrak :
The present study focuses on the characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized from flame under an atmospheric condition. A laminar flame burner was utilized to establish a rich premixed propane/air flame at the equivalence ratio ? = 1.8–2.2. The flame was impinged on a stainless steel wire mesh coated with nickel (Ni) catalyst to grow CNTs. Distribution and yield of the CNTs on the substrate were quantified. Carbon nanotubes formed on the substrate were harvested and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FESEM micrograph showed that the CNTs produced were in disarray. The synthesized CNTs were an average of 50–60 nm in diameter while the length of the tubes was in the order of microns. TGA analysis showed that 75% of CNTs were present in the sample and the oxidation temperature was 510°C.

Abstrak :
Sel tunam merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang potensial untuk dikembangkan mengingat potensi dan jenis sumber energi yang terbarukan. Salah satu jenis sel tunam adalah Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Pada PEMFC terdapat komponen penting yang disebut dengan pelat bipolar. Pelat bipolar memiliki prosentase terbesar dalam berat dan biaya pembuatan sel tunam. Pada penelitian ini dibuat pelat bipolar karbon komposit dengan 80%wt matriks dan penguat yang terdiri dari 90-100% wt grafit dapur busur listrik (EAF) dan 0-10% wt carbon black FEF 550 dan 20%wt polimer sebagai pengikat yang terdiri dari epoksi resin dan pengeras dengan perbandingan 1:1. Pembuatan pelat bipolar ini dengan variabel penambahan 0-10%wt carbon black FEF 550 yaitu 0;2,5;5;7,5 dan 10%wt carbon black FEF. Proses pencampuran menggunakan pengaduk berkecepatan tinggi dengan kecepatan 28.000 rpm dan dicetak menggunakan metode cetak kompresi dengan tekanan 55 MPa, suhu 100°C, selama 4 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi optimum terdapat pada 10%wt carbon black FEF 550 dimana dihasilkan nilai densitas sebesar 2,34 gr/cm3, porositas 2,39%, kekuatan fleksural 30,06 MPa, dan konduktivitas listrik 6,52 S/cm.

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Fuel cell is one of the potentially alternative energy to be developed due to its potential and kind as renewable energy sources. Fuel cell has many types and one of them is PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell). Bipolar plate is one of main components in PEMFC which have the largest percentage in fuel cell weight and production cost. In this study, the bipolar plate materials made from carbon composites. Constituent materials carbon composites are 80wt% matrix and reinforcement, consist of 95wt% Graphite EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) and 0-10%wt carbon black FEF 550 and 20% polymer as binder consist of epoxy resin and hardener with ratio 1:1. The addition variabels 0-10%wt of carbon black FEF 550 are 0;2,5;5;7,5 and 10%wt. The mixing process used high-speed mixer with mixing speeds 28.000 rpm and to form the plate used compression molding with pressure 55 MPa, 100°C, for 4 hours. The test results showed that the maximum composition was 10%wt carbon black FEF 550 which values are density 2,34 gr/cm3, porosity 2,39%, flexural strength 30,06 MPa and electric conductivity 5,52 S/cm.