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"Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan adalah perjanjian WTO yang berisi ketentuan tentang penyederhanaan prosedur bea cukai, yang dibuat untuk meningkatkan aliran perdagangan internasional. Indonesia adalah salah satu dari banyak anggota WTO yang meratifikasi Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan. Tesis ini membahas implikasi hukum ratifikasi Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan WTO dengan Indonesia. Secara khusus, tesis ini membahas alasan ratifikasi Indonesia dari Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan bersama dengan implikasi hukum ratifikasi. Tesis ini disusun dengan menggunakan Metode yuridis normatif, yang dilakukan dengan menggambarkan ketentuan tercantum dalam Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan dan membandingkannya dengan ketentuan yang berkaitan dengan fasilitasi perdagangan dalam beberapa undang-undang dan peraturan di Indonesia. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar ketentuan fasilitasi perdagangan dalam undang-undang tersebut dan peraturan di Indonesia sesuai dengan Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan, tetapi pada ketentuan fasilitasi perdagangan yang belum mengikuti Fasilitasi Perdagangan Kesepakatan, beberapa penyesuaian harus dilakukan. Tesis ini menyarankan Indonesia untuk melakukannya penyesuaian sehubungan dengan ketentuan fasilitasi perdagangan yang belum mengikuti Perjanjian Fasilitasi Perdagangan, karena dengan meratifikasi Fasilitasi Perdagangan

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Trade Facilitation Agreement is a WTO agreement that contains provisions on simplifying customs procedures, which are made to increase the flow of international trade. Indonesia is one of the many WTO members to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement. This thesis discusses the legal implications of ratification WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement with Indonesia. Specifically, this thesis discusses the reasons for Indonesias ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement along with the legal implications of ratification. This thesis was prepared using a normative juridical method, which is done by describing the provisions contained in the Trade Facilitation Agreement and comparing it withProvisions relating to trade facilitation in several laws and regulations in Indonesia. This thesis concludes that most of the trade facilitation provisions in the law and regulations in Indonesia are in accordance with the Trade Facilitation Agreement, but on trade facilitation provisions that have not yet followed the Trade Facilitation Agreement, some adjustments must be made. This thesis recommends that Indonesia make adjustments with respect to trade facilitation provisions that have not yet followed the Trade Facilitation Agreement, because by ratifying Trade Facilitation"

"Bahwa Trade Facilitation Agreement membahas fasilitasi perdagangan yang dianggap dapat menyederhanakan dan mengharmonisasi prosedur perdagangan internasional. Keberadaan Trade Facilitation Agreement yang lahir untuk mengurangi hambatan prosedural dalam perdagangan internasional, maka diatur mengenai Single Window. Sebagai bagian dari praktik fasilitasi perdagangan, National Single Window perlu diaktualisasikan dengan publikasi yang transparan sehingga prosedur impor-ekspor menjadi lebih efisien serta pertukaran informasi di antara para pihak terjadi secara efektif. Dengan membandingkan penerapan transparansi terhadap publikasi dan akses informasi terkait regulasi dan prosedur dari fasilitasi perdagangan melalui penerapan National Single Window di Indonesia dan Singapura. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif digunakan untuk menelaah norma hukum tertulis dari suatu peraturan perundangan-undangan. Dengan menggunakan tiga parameter dari transparansi yaitu publikasi dan akses terhadap informasi dan peraturan perundang-undangan, fasilitasi informasi oleh Pemerintah dan notifikasi perubahan kebijakan kepada organisasi internasional. Ada beberapa hal yang dapat dipetik dari transparansi TradeNet Singapura bahwa ada poin-poin yang mengisi jarak di Single Window Indonesia. Walaupun National Single Window Singapura dan Indonesia mulai pada waktu yang berbeda dan perbedaan kontras dari orientasi pengembangan sistemnya antara kedua negara tersebut. Namun, memiliki tujuan yang sama yaitu untuk dapat mengurangi hambatan perdagangan dan proses percepatan pemindahan barang dalam perdagangan internasional untuk efisiensi biaya, beban administrasi dan waktu dalam transaksi perdagangan internasional. Untuk meningkatkan daya saing global, perlunya pengelolaan dan penyelenggaraan Indonesia National Single Window melalui pemutakhiran regulasi, teknologi informasi pendukungnya dan sinkronisasi serta harmonisasi peraturan antar lembaga-lembaganya.

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The Trade Facilitation Agreement that discusses trade facilitation which is to simplify and harmonize international trade procedures. The existence of the Trade Facilitation Agreement was to reduce procedural barriers in international trade, as it is important regarding the Single Window regulations. As part of trade facilitation practices, the National Single Window needs to be actualized with transparent publications so that import-export procedures become more efficient and the exchange of information between parties occurs effectively. By comparing the implementation of transparency in publications and access to information related to regulations and procedures for trade facilitation through the implementation of the National Single Window in Indonesia and Singapore. Using normative juridical research method to examine the written legal norms of a statutory regulation. There are three parameters of transparency used for this research, namely publication and access to information and laws and regulations, enquiry points and notification of policy changes to international organizations. There are several things that can be learned from Singapore's TradeNet transparency that there are points that fill the gaps in Indonesia's National Single Window. Although Singapore and Indonesia's National Single Window started at different times and contrasted the orientation of the development of the system between the two countries. However, they have the same goal, namely to be able to reduce trade barriers and accelerate the process of moving goods in international trade for cost efficiency, administrative burden and time in international trade transactions. Therefore, to increase global competitiveness, it is necessary to manage and implement the Indonesia National Single Window through updating regulations, supporting information technology and synchronizing and harmonizing regulations between its institutions."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor, penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan gabungan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor dan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan. Penulis mengkaji dampak kebijakan-kebijakan ini terhadap kinerja perekonomian, kemiskinan, dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dengan menggunakan pendekatan komputasi keseimbangan umum.Penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor di sektor pertanian dan di sektor industri pertanian meningkatkan kinerja perekonomian. Sementara itu kebijakan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor di sektor industri non pertanian menurunkan PDB riil. Kebijakan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan gabungan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor dan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan meningkatkan kinerja perekonomian dengan besaran yang lebih besar. Insiden kemiskinan di perkotaan menurun namun di perdesaan dan di tingkat nasional meningkat akibat kebijakan penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian. Kebijakan penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian menunjukkan penurunan insiden kemiskinan di perkotaan dan di tingkat nasional namun netral di perdesaan. Sementara itu penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian menunjukkan penurunan kemiskinan di perkotaan, di perdesaan dan di tingkat nasional. Kebijakanan penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan gabungan penurunan tarif bea masuk impor dan biaya transaksi perdagangan menurunkan insiden kemiskinan di perkotaan, di perdesaan dan di tingkat nasional dengan keuntungan lebih besar pada rumah tangga di perdesaan.Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di perdesaan meningkat akibat penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian, penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian dan menurun akibat penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian, penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan serta netral akibat gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan. Sementara itu ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di perkotaan meningkat akibat penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan dan menurun akibat penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian, gabungan penurunan tarif di sektor industri non pertanian dan biaya transaksi perdagangan serta netral akibat penurunan tarif di sektor industri pertanian, penurunan biaya transaksi perdagangan.

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This study aims to evaluate the policy to reduce import tariffs, reduction in trade transaction costs and the combined reduction in import tariffs and reduced trade transaction costs. Author examines the impact of these policies on the performance of the economy, poverty, and inequality of income distribution using computational general equilibrium approach.

The authors found that the policy of reduction in import tariffs in the agricultural sector and in the agricultural industry sector improve economic performance. While the policy to reduction in import tariffs on non-agricultural sector lowers real GDP. Policy to reduction in trade transaction costs and the combined reduction in import tariffs and trade transaction costs increase the performance of the economy. The incidence of poverty in urban and rural decline but at a national level rise due to tariffs reduction policies in the agricultural sector. Tariffs reduction policies in the agricultural sector showed a decrease in the incidence of poverty in urban areas and at the national level but is neutral in the rural areas. While the policy to reduction in import tariffs on non agricultural sector showed a decline in urban poverty, in rural areas and at the national level. Policy to eduction in trade transaction costs and the combined reduction in import tariffs and trade transaction costs reduce the incidence of poverty in urban areas, in rural areas and at the national level with a greater advantage in rural households.

Inequality of income distribution in rural areas increased due to tariffs reduction in agriculture sector, tariffs reduction in agriculture industrial sector and decreased due to tariffs reduction policies in the non agricultural sector, reduction in trade transaction costs, the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture industry sector and trade transaction costs, the combined tariffs reduction in the non-agricultural industry sector and trade transaction costs as well as neutral due to the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture sector and trade transaction costs. While the inequality of income distribution in urban areas increased due to tariffs reduction in the agriculture sector, the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture sector and trade transaction costs, the combined tariffs reduction in the agriculture industry sector and trade transaction costs and decrease due to reduction in import tariffs of non agricultural sector, the combined tariffs reduction in the non-agricultural industry sector and trade transaction costs as well as neutral due to tariffs reduction in the agricultural sector, reduction in trade transaction costs."