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Abstrak :

Tanaman Padi merupakan salah satu tanaman pertanian utama di dunia. Mayoritas sekitar 98% penduduk Indonesia juga mengkonsumsi beras sebagai makanan pokoknya. Sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan pertumbuhan tanaman padi secara efektif untuk mengontrol ketahanan pangan nasional. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakteristik dan pola spasial fase tumbuh serta varietas padi secara spasial temporal di Kecamatan Ciasem, Kabupaten Subang. Data citra radar Sentinel-1A digunakan berdasarkan nilai backscatter polarisasi VH pada periode tanam 2018-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik fase tumbuh padi menghasilkan tren nilai backscatter yang meningkat pada fase vegetatif hingga fase pematangan. Pada periode tanam I nilai rata-rata backscatter lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan periode tanam II karena terjadi anomali pengairan dan kekeringan berkepanjangan. Karakteristik varietas PB 42 memiliki variasi nilai rata-rata backscatter yang paling tinggi dan beragam dibandingkan varietas lain. Sementara itu, pola spasial fase tumbuh padi periode tanam I dimulai dari arah utara dan periode tanam II dimulai dari arah selatan. Pola spasial varietas padi periode tanam I dan II termasuk kedalam kategori random (uji z NNA = 0,68) dengan dominasi varietas Inpari 42, Ciherang, dan Mekongga. Sedangkan varietas Inpari 33 dan PB 42 hanya tersebar di beberapa bagian wilayah Kecamatan Ciasem. 

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Rice plants are one of the main agricultural crops in the world. The majority of about 98% of Indonesia's population also consume rice as their staple food. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the growth of rice plants effectively to control national food tenacity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics and patterns of growth phases and rice varieties in a spatially temporal in Ciasem District, Subang Regency. Sentinel-1A radar image data is used based on the VH polarization backscatter value in the 2018-2019 planting period. The results showed that the characteristics of the rice growing phase resulted in an increasing backscatter value trend in the vegetative phase to the maturation phase. In 1st period of planting the backscatter average value was higher than in the 2nd period due to irrigation anomalies and prolonged drought. The characteristics of PB 42’s variety have the highest and most average variation in the mean backscatter compared to other varieties. Meanwhile, the spatial pattern of the rice growth phase for 1st period of planting started from the north and 2nd period started from the south. The spatial patterns of rice varieties in the first and second planting periods were categorized as random (test z NNA = 0.68) with the dominance of Inpari 42, Ciherang, and Mekongga varieties. Meanwhile, the Inpari 33 and PB 42 varieties were only scattered in several parts of the Ciasem District.

Abstrak :
Padi merupakan sumber makanan terpenting di Indonesia. Jumlah konsumsi beras nasional mengalami pertumbuhan dengan rata-rata 6,29% per tahun (2011-2015). Perkiraan dalam produksi beras relatif tidak dapat diandalkan karena waktu tanam yang tidak merata di beberapa daerah dan metode konvensional diterapkan untuk memperkirakan produksi beras. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fase tumbuh dan varietas tanaman padi serta membangun model untuk memperkirakan fase pertumbuhan tanaman padi berdasarkan indeks vegetasi. Platform penginderaan jauh melalui udara, khususnya Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) digunakan untuk memetakan lahan sawah di Kabupaten Bekasi. Beberapa indeks vegetasi yang berasal dari band RGB (red, green, blue), yaitu Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), Excess Green Vegetation Index (ExG), dan Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) digunakan dalam penelitian. Model regresi digunakan untuk mendapatkan model paling optimal dalam memperkirakan fase pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan karakteristik fase pertumbuhan tanaman padi memiliki pola nilai yang meningkat dari fase vegetatif menuju fase reproduktif dan nilai menurun ketika fase pematangan; varietas padi memiliki karakteristik yang paling bervariasi melalui analisis NGRDI terutama pada varietas IR 42; dan ExG merupakan indeks paling optimal dalam pemodelan fase tumbuh padi (R2 = 0,837). ...... Paddy is the most important food sources in Indonesia. The amount of national rice consumption increased 6.29% per year (2011-2015). Estimates in rice production are relatively unreliable because of inappropriate planting times in several areas and conventional method applied to estimate the rice production. The study aims to analyze the growth phase characteristics and varieties of rice plant and develop a model to estimate the growth phase of rice plant based on the vegetation indices. An airborne remote sensing platform, specifically the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is used to map the rice field in Bekasi Regency. Several vegetation indices derived from RGB (red, green, blue) bands, namely Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), Excess Green Vegetation Index (ExG), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) used in the study. Regression model is used to obtain the most optimal model for estimating the growth phase of rice plant. The results showed the characteristics of the rice growth phase had a pattern of values which increased from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase and the value decreased when the maturation phase; rice varieties have the most varied characteristics through NGRDI analysis especially on IR 42 varieties; and ExG is the most optimal indices in modeling the growth phase of rice (R2 = 0.837).