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"Angka kesakitan dan kematian diare di Indonesia masih tinggi. Golongan umur terbanyak adalah pada balita. Dalam jangka panjang upaya menurunkan angka kesakitan dilakukan dengan pencegahan penyakit. Upaya pencegahan akan lebih efektif apabila faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian diare diketahui dan diperhatikan.Penelitian ini bermaksud mempelajari hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga yang meliputi pengeluaran rumah tangga, kepemilikan barang, pendidikan ibu, pendidikan bapak, status kerja ibu, pekerjaan bapak, keterpaparan ibu terhadap media informasi dan umur balita dengan kejadian diare. Serta mempelajari faktor lingkungan yang meliputi penggunaan sumber utama air minum keluarga dan jenis kakus yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan tahun 1994 (SDK] 1994). Sampel Penelitian adalah wanita telah kawin usia 15-49 tahun (ibu balita), dengan unit analisis balita, dalam penelitian ini data balita membentuk data ibu. Analisis data terhadap 16.218 balita dilakukan dengan bantuan komputer PC menggunakan paket software SUDAAN. Uji Hubungan secara statistik dilakukan dengan kai kuadrat, dan logistik regresi multivarite. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa dari 11 variabel yang dipelajari diketahui 6 variabel sebagai variabel prediktor terhadap kejadian diare pada balita. Enam variabel tersebut adalah: pemilikan alat transport, pendidikan ibu, status kerja ibu, jenis pekerjaan bapak, jenis sumber utama air minum digunakan, dan umur balita. Serta variabel pekerjaan bapak yang berinteraksi dengan pendidikan bapak.Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita, khususnya pada enam variabel tersebut diatas. Dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit diare pada balita dalam jangka panjang hendaknya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga dan faktor lingkungan. Upaya ini antara lain dengan meningkatkan pendidikan ibu, pendidikan bapak, meningkatkan penghasilan keluarga, meningkatkan penggunaan sumber air minum. Upaya-upaya tersebut hams dilakukan secara lintas sektor.

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Diarrhea morbidity and mortality causes in Indonesia still high, most aged group is under five years (young children). In long period, the effort to decrease such morbidity by disease prevention. The effort are more effective if the factors that influenced of diarrhea have been found and paid attention to.

The research is intended to study the relation social economic of family factor which includes household expenditure, having goods, mother's education, father's education, mother's job, mother 's clarification against communication media and child age of under five years old. Also to study the relation environmental which includes using drinking water resources and using latrine with diarrhea disease.

This research shall mean a cross-sectional study by utilizing the secondary data of 1994 Demographics and Health Survey. The sample of this research are married women aged 15-49 years (mother of children under five years), the unit analysis are children under five years old. The data of child under five years old used mothers data. The analysis of 16.218 child under five years old data used by personal computer with SUDAAN software. The relationship trial with statistics using Chi Square and Multivariate Logistic Regression.

Data processing result shows that that from 11 variables use to study, 6 variables are predictors of diarrhea of child under five years old. The 6 variables are having vehicle, mother's education, mother's job status, father's job, using drinking water resources, and age of child under five years old, with variables interaction between fathers job and fathers education.

There is any relation between social economic of family factor and environmental factor against diarrhea of child under five years old, particularly for 6 variables above. In order to prevent diarrhea of child underfive years old in long period, it should pay attention to social economic of family and environmental factor. The effort means by increasing mother's education, father's education, family income and increasing using drinking water resource. This effort must be done by many sectors."

"Pelajar/Mahasiswa merupakan objek yang masih dalam transisi untuk mencari jati dirinya sehingga mudah untuk terpengaruh. Perilaku penyalahgunaan narkoba pada pelajar/mahasiswa bisa terjadi dikarenakan banyaknya masalah yang ada disekitarnya terutama lingkungan keluarga yang merupakan lingkungan awal yang dikenalinya. Lingkungan keluarga dalam penelitian ini dibentuk dari 2 komponen yaitu tinggal bersama keluarga dengan riwayat narkoba keluarga, dan konflik dalam keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap perilaku penyalahgunaan narkoba pelajar/mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelajar/mahasiswa yang tinggal bersama keluarga dan memiliki riwayat narkoba berisiko 1,7 kali lebih besar untuk menyalahgunakan narkoba. Selain itu, adanya konflik dalam keluarga berisiko 2,7 kali lebih besar bagi pelajar/mahasiswa untuk menyalahgunakan narkoba. Seluruh nilai OR sudah dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, umur, riwayat pernah ditawari narkoba, dan uang saku.

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Student is an object that is still in transition to find identity so it is easy to be affected. The behavior of drug abuse in the students can occur due to the many problems around them, especially the family environment which is the initial environment that they recognize. The family environment in this study was formed from 2 components living with family and had history of drugs, and family conflict. The purpose of this study is to find the influence of the family environment towards student rsquo s drug abuse behavior.

The results showed that students living with family and had a history of drugs in it were 1.7 times more likely to abuse drugs. In addition, family conflicts are 2.7 times more likely for students to abuse drugs. All OR values are already controlled by gender variables, age, history of drugs offer, and allowance."

"Keterlambatan bicara merupakan ketidaksesuaian pada kemampuan anak dalam berbicara dibandingkan dengan anak seusianya sehingga sulit untuk dimengerti oleh orang lain. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan dan perkembangan bicara anak, salah satunya lingkungan keluarga dan temperamen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran lingkungan keluarga dan temperamen terhadap keterlambatan bicara serta seberapa besar peran kedua variabel tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 128 partisipan yang memiliki anak usia 3 dan 4 tahun. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Speech and Language Developmental Milestones, Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ), dan EAS Temperament Survey for Children. Hasil analisis statistik penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan keluarga dan temperamen anak tidak berhubungan dengan kecenderungan keterlambatan bicara pada anak usia 3 dan 4 tahun. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat disempurnakan pada penelitian yang akan datang agar mendapat gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai hubungan lingkungan keluarga dan temperamen terhadap kecenderungan anak usia 3 dan 4 tahun yang mengalami keterlambatan bicara.

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Speech delay is a discrepancy in a child's ability to speak compared to other children of the same age, making it difficult for others to understand. There are several factors that can affect the ability and development of children's speech, one of which is the family environment and temperament. This study aims to see how the role of family environment and temperament on speech delay and how big the role of these two variables. This study involved 128 participants who had children aged 3 and 4 years. The instruments used in this study were Speech and Language Developmental Milestones, Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ), and EAS Temperament Survey for Children. The results of the statistical analysis of this study showed that family environment and child temperament were not associated with the tendency of speech delay in 3 and 4-year-old children. This study expected can be refined in future research in order to get a clearer picture of the relationship between family environment and temperament towards the tendency of children aged 3 and 4 years to experience speech delays."

"The number of drug abused in adolescent is increasing every year. It is assumed that the influencing factors of drug abused could come from their internal and external factors of the adolescent. Some of the external factors are family environment, community, school, and their peer group. This research was using the descriptive correlation and cross sectional study design. The goal of this study was to determine of the correlation between the external environments of the adolescent with the risk of the drug abused on the student of senior high school in the Depok city. The samples of this study were the 205 students of the first and second grade student in the senior high school in Beji District, Depok city. The samples were selected by the proportional random sampling method.The result of this study showed that the family and peer group have significant correlation to the risk of drug abused amongst the adolescent (p = 0,006 and 0,020), where as the school and community had no significant correlation. It is implied also that the family environment has the highest correlation to the drug abused amongst adolescent (OR = 2,168). Characterize of the adolescent (gender) had also the correlation to the risk of drug abused (P = 0,003) and it was a confounding factors. Therefore, the focus of the community nurse role is including observation to the peer group, especially boys. It is suggested that community nurse should have good collaboration with public health center, school, and parents in making early detection on the drug abused behavior in adolescent. Counseling on the family, peer group should be implemented and monitored continuously."

"ABSTRACTDalam beberapa tahun belakangan, sikap yang mengarah pada intoleransi beragama pada guru di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Studi-studi sebelumnya hanya menjadikan faktor ekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan sebagai faktor utama yang dapat membentuk sikap toleransi maupun intoleransi beragama dalam diri individu. Berbeda dengan studi-studi sebelumnya, argumentasi dalam tulisan ini adalah jaringan sosial dan lingkungan keluarga sebagai faktor lain yang juga dapat berperan dalam membentuk sikap toleransi-intoleransi beragama pada guru. Studi ini secara khusus menggambarkan sikap toleransi-intoleransi beragama pada guru di Kota Tangerang dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi sikap tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam.

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ABSTRACTIn recent decades, teachers attitudes that lead to religious intolerance tended to be increased in Indonesia. Previous studies show that the economic factor and the level of education are the main factors that can shape religious tolerance or intolerance attitudes. In contrast with the previous studies, the argumentation on this paper are social network and family environment as another factors those play important roles in shaping religious tolerance intolerance attitudes of teachers. This study specifically illustrates the case of teachers religious tolerance intolerance attitudes in Tangerang City and the factors that shaping their attitude. This study uses qualitative method with the data collection conducted through in depth interview. "