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"Makanan adalah salah satu bahan pokok dalam rangka pertumbuhan dan kehidupan bangsa serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Karena itu masyarakat harus dilindungi keselamatan dan kesehatannya dari ancaman makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Diantara makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat adalah makanan daluwarsa yaitu makanan yang telah lewat tanggal daluwarsa atau telah lewat batas akhir suatu makanan dijamin mutunya, sepanjang penyimpanannya mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh produsen.Kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang makanan daluwarsa seringkali menimbulkan masalah dalam peredaran makanan karena dengan masih banyaknya ditemukan makanan daluarsa di lokasi penjualan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang tingkat kepatuhan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa di propinsi Jambi tahun 2001.Penilaian terhadap kepatuhan dilakukan terhadap 105 pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman yang ingin diketahui terdiri dari pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa, faktor pendukung yaitu penyuluhan peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa dan faktor pendorong pengawasan dan sanksi.Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman cukup rendah (50%) dan faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa adalah faktor sikap dan pengetahuan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan pada pihak pemerintah yaitu balai POM Jambi supaya metode penyuluhan atau pembinaan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif sehingga pengetahuan terhadap peraturan dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Frekuensi pengawasan lebih ditingkatkan dan juga memberikan sanksi yang lebih keras terhadap pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.

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The Factors that Related to the Obedience of Foods and Beverages Seller on the Regulation of Expired Date Foods in Jambi Province, 2001Food is one of the basic commodities for the growth of the nation and having an important role in national development.. So they should be protected from the threat of their health and also the foods which so not fulfil safety and quality requirement. Among the foods that which so fullfil safety and quality requirement are date marking the foods used over than the date that best for used or it had been expired date to be used in guaranteed quality, and as long as they stored that stated in the producers instruction.The obedience of foods retail seller to the regulation of the Minister of Health on date marking often rises problem in distributing them, since there were still found lot of expired foods in market place.The objective of this study was to identify the description of the obedience level and the factors that related to foods retail seller on the regulation of date marking in Jambi Province, 2001.The assessment of the obedience was conducted to 105 retail sellers of foods and beverages. The factors that related to the obedience of foods retail seIIers which to be identified among others education, knowledge, attitude to the regulation on expired food, supporting factor was education of regulation on date marking and encouraging factors were controlling and sanction.This study used quantitative approach, and the study design was cross sectional. The data was analysis by univariate, bivariate and multivariate.The result of this study showed that the proportion of the obedience foods retail seller was enough low (50%) and the factors that significantly related to the obedience of the regulation on date marking was attitude and knowledge of the foods retair seller.Referring to the result of this study, it is recommended to the government, e.i. The Center for Drug and Food Control, Jambi should give education and extension comprehensively, so the knowledge to the regulation on date marking can be improved. The frequency of controlling should be improved and also giving harder sanction to who trespasser that it was done in several times."

"Perseroan Terbatas (PT) salah satu badan usaha yang paling diminati, wajiblah memberikan kepastian hukum, hal ini penting baik secara internal antara para organ yaitu Direksi, Dewan Komisaris dan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS), dan eksternal sebagai subyek hukum yang mandiri dalam hubungan dengan pihak ketiga. Kepastian hukum haruslah dijamin sejak pendirian PT, karena merupakan pintu utama kelangsungan PT. Ketentuan, syarat dan prosedur pendirian suatu PT sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri No 4 tahun 2014. Prakteknya proses pendirian sering menemui kendala, salah satu sebagaimana dikaji dalam tesis karena keadaan memaksa, sehingga kepastian hukum atas proses pendirian dipertanyakan tatkala pengesahan tetap diberikan Kementerian padahal akta pendirian telah lewat masa berlakunya karena keadaan memaksa yang timbul dari Kementerian, pengesahan mana melanggar Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Pengesahan yang diberikan setelah lewat waktu permohonan karena keadaan memaksa dapat dipandang dari dua sisi, yaitu pertama dari sisi jangka waktu yang diperbolehkan karena keadaan memaksa sebagai alasan pembenar dan pembebasan otomatis, kedua dari sisi isi akta perubahan angaran dasar yang merupakan jalan keluar dari Kementerian yang dibuat saat akta pendirian telah batal adalah menjadi tanggung jawab Kementerian atas jalan keluarnya. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier. Sebagai alat pengumpulan data serta pengolahannya digunakan metode kualitatif.

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Limited Liability Company ("Ltd") as one of the most favourite form of business entities, should give a Legal Certainty for both internally and externally. Legal certainty is very important either in relationship internally between the part of the "Ltd" itself, such as Board of Directors, Board Of Commissioners and General Meeting (RUPS), as well as for externally in order "Ltd" as a subject of law. In relationship with other third parties, Legal Certainty must be guaranteed since the date of establishment, because it is the main basis for the sustainability of the "Ltd" in the future. In common practice, there are so many problems regarding the process of establishment, one of the example is the force majeure which is discussed on this thesis, where the ratification is still given by the Ministry even after the application had been expired. In this case, how is the legal certainty for the "Ltd", because this ratification broke the Limited Liability Company Law Number 40 year 2007 but however the force majeur factor forces the Ministry to ratificate the establishment. However, due to the force majeur factor, this ratification after the application had been expired can be reviewed from two sides: First, from the period of time allowed because of the force majeur as an excuse and automatic exemption because of it. Second, from the content's amendment of the Article of Association as the wayout given by the Ministry itself, it becomes the Ministry's full responsibilities. The method of research is juridical normative by the use of secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertier law. The qualitative method is used as the mean of collecting data and its processing."

"Seorang apoteker harus memiliki fondasi dasar dalam profesinya, 2 diantaranya yaitu manajemen logistik obat dan pengendalian kualitas obat. Manajemen logistik yang efektif dan efisien diperlukan agar tidak terjadi masalah adanya stok obat kadaluwarsa (expired date). Kualitas obat salah satunya ditentukan oleh kelancaran proses produksi suatu obat. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan peneliti, ditemukan bahwa manajemen logistic obat di apotek belum maksimal. Ditemukan 105 jenis barang passive dan ED, dengan total perkiraan kerugian Rp 37,5 juta. Penulis memberikan solusi alternatif untuk penanganannya seperti label ?USE FIRST?, training management, penataan ulang rak obat. Pada faktor kualitas obat, ditemukan satu masalah khusus yang sering terjadi di pabrik, yaitu tablet molting dan melting. Investigasi menunjukkan bahwa ada masalah pada mesin Fluid Bed Dryer (FBD), sehingga dilakukan Performance Qualification (PQ) terhadap mesin. Hasil PQ dicantumkan dalam data dari pengujian Loss of Drying (LOD), Flowability, dan Particle Size Distribution (PSD).

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A pharmacist must have a basic foundation, 2 of which are drug logistics management and drug quality control. Effective and efficient logistics management is needed to avoid problems with expired drug stocks. The quality of a drug is determined by the smooth production process of a drug. Based on the results of observations made by researchers, it was found that the logistics management of drugs in pharmacies was not maximized. We found 105 types of passive and ED items, with a total estimated loss of IDR 37.5 million. The author provides alternative solutions for handling such as ?USE FIRST? label, training management, rearranging medicine shelves. In the drug quality factor, one particular problem was found that often occurs in factories, namely molting and melting tablets. The investigation showed that there was a problem with the Fluid Bed Dryer (FBD) machine, so a Performance Qualification (PQ) was carried out on the machine. PQ result are included in data from Loss of Drying (LOD), Flowability, and Particle Size Distribution tests."

"Seorang apoteker harus memiliki fondasi dasar dalam profesinya, 2 diantaranya yaitu manajemen logistik obat dan pengendalian kualitas obat. Manajemen logistik yang efektif dan efisien diperlukan agar tidak terjadi masalah adanya stok obat kadaluwarsa (expired date). Kualitas obat salah satunya ditentukan oleh kelancaran proses produksi suatu obat.Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan peneliti, ditemukan bahwa manajemen logistic obat di apotek belum maksimal. Ditemukan 105 jenis barang passive dan ED, dengan total perkiraan kerugian Rp 37,5 juta. Penulis memberikan solusi alternatif untuk penanganannya seperti label “USE FIRST”, training management, penataan ulang rak obat.Pada faktor kualitas obat, ditemukan satu masalah khusus yang sering terjadi di pabrik, yaitu tablet molting dan melting. Investigasi menunjukkan bahwa ada masalah pada mesin Fluid Bed Dryer (FBD), sehingga dilakukan Performance Qualification (PQ) terhadap mesin. Hasil PQ dicantumkan dalam data dari pengujian Loss of Drying (LOD), Flowability, dan Particle Size Distribution (PSD).

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A pharmacist must have a basic foundation, 2 of which are drug logistics management and drug quality control. Effective and efficient logistics management is needed to avoid problems with expired drug stocks. The quality of a drug is determined by the smooth production process of a drug.

Based on the results of observations made by researchers, it was found that the logistics management of drugs in pharmacies was not maximized. We found 105 types of passive and ED items, with a total estimated loss of IDR 37.5 million. The author provides alternative solutions for handling such as “USE FIRST” label, training management, rearranging medicine shelves.

In the drug quality factor, one particular problem was found that often occurs in factories, namely molting and melting tablets. The investigation showed that there was a problem with the Fluid Bed Dryer (FBD) machine, so a Performance Qualification (PQ) was carried out on the machine. PQ result are included in data from Loss of Drying (LOD), Flowability, and Particle Size Distribution tests."